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　　CCTV News:On the morning of April 19th, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a press conference. In the first quarter, China’s agricultural and rural economy maintained a good momentum of development.

　　According to the latest agricultural dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the area of winter wheat in China has increased steadily and slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings is 91%, which is better than last year and better than normal. The area of winter rape increased slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings was 85.1%, which was better than that of last year and equivalent to that of normal years. At present, nearly 20% of the national spring sowing grain has been completed, and the progress is slightly faster than that of the same period of last year. Among them, 70% of early rice has been planted and 10% of corn and soybeans have been planted.

　　The national "food basket" products are abundant in supply, and the pig production capacity is adjusted and optimized. By the end of March, the number of fertile sows in China was 39.92 million, which was adjusted for nine consecutive months. The production of meat, eggs and milk increased in an all-round way, the supply of vegetables and fruits was stable, the quality and safety were guaranteed, and the price fluctuated seasonally.

　　The agricultural and rural economy maintained a good momentum of development in the first quarter.

　　On the morning of April 19th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that in the first quarter, China’s agricultural and rural economy maintained a good momentum of development.

　　Since 2024, China has made every effort to do a good job in agricultural production in winter and spring, and gradually laid a solid foundation for the harvest of summer grain and summer oil crops. The area of winter wheat increased steadily and slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings was 91%, which was better than last year and normal. The area of winter rape increased slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings was 85.1%, which was better than that of last year and equivalent to that of normal years. At present, nearly 20% of the national spring sowing grain has been completed, and the progress is slightly faster than that of the same period last year.

　　In the first quarter, China’s achievements in tackling poverty continued to consolidate and expand. By the end of March, about 60% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty. The employment scale of the poverty-stricken population nationwide is 30.487 million, reaching the annual work target.

　　The rural industry has a good momentum of development, and the agricultural product processing industry has developed steadily. 1— In March, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size increased by 3.3% year-on-year. Rural leisure tourism continues to heat up, and e-commerce of agricultural products grows rapidly. In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 6,596 yuan, a real increase of 7.7% after deducting the price factor, which was 2.4 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

　　The agriculture and rural economy started steadily in the first quarter.

　　The State Council Press Office held a press conference on the morning of April 19th, and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced the operation of agriculture and rural economy in the first quarter of 2024. In the first quarter, China’s agricultural and rural economy achieved a steady start.

　　Nearly 20% of the national spring sowing grain has been completed, and the progress is slightly faster than that of the same period last year.

　　Since 2024, China has made every effort to do a good job in agricultural production in winter and spring, and gradually laid a solid foundation for the harvest of summer grain and summer oil crops. Up to now, the area of winter wheat has increased steadily and slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings is 91%, which is better than that of last year and normal years. The area of winter rape increased slightly, and the proportion of first-class and second-class seedlings was 85.1%, which was better than that of last year and equivalent to that of normal years. At the same time, we should do a good job in spring ploughing and sowing. At present, nearly 20% of the national spring sowing grain has been completed, and the progress is slightly faster than that of the same period last year.

　　The supply of "vegetable basket" products is abundant

　　In the first quarter, the supply of "vegetable basket" products was abundant. The production capacity of live pigs has been adjusted and optimized, the production of meat, eggs and milk has increased in an all-round way, and the supply of vegetables and fruits has been stable.

　　The achievements of poverty alleviation continued to consolidate and expand.

　　In the first quarter, the results of poverty alleviation continued to consolidate and expand. By the end of March, about 60% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty.

　　Li Jinghui, a member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced the campaign to prevent returning to poverty and employment. By the end of March, the employment scale of the poverty-stricken population nationwide was 30.487 million, reaching the annual work target.

　　In the first quarter, China’s rural industries developed well, and the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size increased by 3.3% year-on-year. In March, the purchasing managers’ index of national key leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization was 56.5%, which enhanced the confidence of enterprises in development. Rural leisure tourism continues to heat up, and e-commerce of agricultural products grows rapidly.

　　In 2024, the intended planting area of grain will be over 1.78 billion mu.

　　On the morning of April 19th, the State Council Information Office held a press conference. According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2024, the state continued to increase its support for grain production, and the intended planting area of grain increased over the previous year.

　　According to the agricultural dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, at present, the area of grain crops sown in spring in China is 190 million mu, accounting for 19.8% of the planned area, and the sowing progress is 0.5 percentage points faster than the same period in 2023. In 2024, the state will continue to increase its support for grain production and stabilize farmers’ income expectations from grain production.

　　Pan Wenbo, director of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that the minimum purchase price of wheat and early indica rice should be increased and subsidies for corn and soybean producers should be stabilized. We will expand the scale of funds for the project of increasing grain yield per unit area, and continue to implement the "one spraying and three prevention" full coverage of wheat and subsidies for the construction of centralized rice seedling raising facilities in southern China. According to the agricultural situation, in 2024, the intended planting area of grain will be more than 1.78 billion mu, an increase over the previous year.

　　Pan Wenbo said that in 2024, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs insisted on focusing on increasing grain production in a large area. Anchor a new round of action target of increasing grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin, focus on major crops such as soybeans, corn, wheat, rice and rape, promote the integration of fertile fields, improved varieties, good opportunities, good laws and good systems, and carry out large-scale unit yield improvement actions in the whole system of major producing counties.

　　The meteorological department predicts that in 2024, the overall deviation of agro-meteorological year, flood disaster may be heavier than drought, and extreme weather events occur frequently. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs shall, jointly with meteorological, water conservancy and emergency departments, formulate disaster prevention and mitigation plans and technical schemes by region, crop and disaster species. In particular, we will speed up the construction of regional agricultural emergency relief centers, equip them with disaster relief machines and equipment, build a strong agricultural machinery emergency operation service team, and enhance the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities of grain and agricultural production.

　　There are 614,000 warehousing projects to speed up the improvement of rural construction in China.

　　Improving the level of rural construction is the key task to promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. At the press conference of the State Council Press Office on April 19th, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that in 2024, solid measures will be taken to accelerate the improvement of rural construction.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the key to improving the level of rural construction is to strengthen management, speed up construction and promote the implementation of the project by relying on "one library and one order". "One library" refers to the rural construction project library, which undertakes the functions of project reserve, overall layout and progress scheduling. "One order" refers to the list of tasks, which objectively reflects the construction needs of farmers, including basic elements such as construction tasks, construction objectives and responsible departments.

　　Li Jinghui introduced that by the end of March, 614,000 projects had been put into storage, and the project funds were 250.74 billion yuan. In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will aim at the goal of "rural areas basically have modern living conditions", take the experience of "Ten Million Projects" as the guide, give full play to the functions of rural construction project library and task list, concentrate resources, speed up breakthroughs, and do a good job in making a group of tangible things.

　　Li Jinghui said that first of all, we will find out the construction needs, organize farmers to start with urgent problems, and focus on village roads, safe drinking water, reliable power supply, delivery logistics, garbage sewage and toilet manure treatment, and child care and old-age care, so as to meet the needs. Next, determine the construction tasks, promote the inclusive, basic and comprehensive livelihood construction projects, and refine the tasks to the village. Raise funds in various ways, promote construction in an orderly manner, and build one and become one.

　　The overall price of agricultural products is expected to gradually stabilize and rebound.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the current decline in agricultural product prices, on the whole, is a staged fluctuation under the law of market supply and demand, and it is expected to gradually stabilize and rebound in the later period.

　　Affected by multiple factors at home and abroad, in the first quarter of 2024, the prices of most agricultural products in China were weak. With the domestic production and supply of grain, pigs and other important bulk agricultural products increasing steadily year after year, the influence of changes in consumption and import on prices has become relatively obvious.

　　On the one hand, the consumption of agricultural products is still in the process of recovery. According to the comprehensive processing enterprises and wholesale markets, at present, the consumption of some agricultural products has not yet recovered to the expected level. On the other hand, due to the transmission of international market prices, the prices of international bulk agricultural products have continued to fall sharply since the second half of 2022, which has reduced the driving force for domestic agricultural product prices to some extent. At the same time, under the psychological influence of buying up and not buying down, some market players have also adjusted their business strategies such as buying, selling, storing and transporting, which has reduced the expected space for price increases to some extent.

　　Lei Liugong, director of the Department of Market and Information Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in order to promote the smooth operation of the agricultural product market and stabilize farmers’ income expectations, the relevant state departments have taken a series of measures in a timely manner, such as adjusting and optimizing production capacity, increasing reserve purchases, and promoting processing and transformation. At present, some achievements have been made, and the market prices of some varieties such as corn and pork have stabilized recently.

　　Lei Liugong said that from the later trend, with the effectiveness of various macro-policy combinations, the economy will continue to recover, the demand for agricultural products will continue to pick up, and the market expectation will be further improved. The overall price of agricultural products is expected to gradually stabilize and rebound and remain within a reasonable range.

[Truck House Original]Not long ago, we exposed the vehicle cargo compartment suspected of being a new type of barn, and the photos of the vehicle. From the photos, we can see that the non-detachable partition layer is added in the middle of the barn cargo compartment that meets the new regulations. In other words, the size of the goods in the warehouse is limited. To this end, we specially found people in the industry to chat.

When we talked to the industry about the specific provisions of the warehouse compartment, the industry said: Now some card friends have begun to joke that the cargo compartment has become "Storage compartment". Installing a partition in the middle of the cargo box is virtually equivalent to forcibly dividing a cargo box into two layers. If, strictly in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, the middle fence is a non-detachable structure, then there will be almost no possibility of forklift loading and unloading in the lower space, and only manual stacking will bring some inconvenience to loading and unloading.

Of course, if the two sides of the cargo compartment adopt movable door rail structure, both sides can be opened, and the rail plate part can also be opened, so that the side loading is relatively acceptable and not too difficult. While we were discussing the difficulty of loading and unloading, we also noticed another message in the relevant regulations: it is clearly stipulated in the new regulations that the maximum distance between the bottom plate of the cargo compartment and the top of the barn is less than or equal to 1500mm, that is to say, the 1.5-meter-high barn actually does not need to adopt a multi-floor structure.

This sentence has opened the "chatterboxes" of many insiders. According to their inference, the possibility of refitting warehouse-grating trucks in the market may not be ruled out in the future. So how to change it specifically? Let’s look down.

The pictures are old and of poor quality.

According to industry insiders, today’s 1.5-meter warehouse compartment reminds it of the 25-meter retractable big board car exposed in 2015. At that time, this kind of telescopic slab, which was originally used to transport special goods such as blades of wind power plants, was used by unscrupulous people to transport general goods, disrupting the market order, and at the same time there were huge security risks, which caused quite a stir.

All the girders can be telescopic, which inevitably makes people worry that the door bars of the warehouse-gate trucks may also be "telescopic". At the same time, the industry also said that it is not the first time that a "telescopic" structure has appeared on a 4-meter-2 warehouse-grating truck. In 2017, there was a news report that a retractable barn truck appeared in Chongqing, which was modified to extend the carriage through tools to increase the volume of the container.

After the extension, we visually doubled the length of the cargo compartment of the warehouse-gate truck, and properly overloaded a 4-meter-2 truck to 8-meter-4. And this also makes us worry, will the 1.5-meter-high warehouse truck be "stretched" on it in the future and become a 2-meter-high warehouse truck?

According to Xiao Bian, it’s enough to think about the "retractable barn" thing, and don’t really do it. Because as early as a few days ago, on January 12th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued a notice to further strengthen the production and registration management of light trucks and small and micro passenger cars.

Even in the laterOn January 20, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also issued a notice again, explicitly requiring that the monitoring video of blue brand light truck should be kept for no less than 6 years, so that the inspection declaration of multiple new cars and the subsequent vehicle inspection and inspection process can be explained more accurately.. Not only the requirements are strict, but the punishment is even more "hard"!

According to the relevant data, after March 1, 2022, if you continue to produce and sell "large-ton and small-label" products, or if you cheat to obtain motor vehicle license through "one vehicle with two certificates" or "car on duty", once it is confirmed, the production enterprise will be severely dealt with according to the law and regulations, and the application for Announcement of new automobile products of this enterprise will no longer be accepted within one year. If the case constitutes a crime, the person in charge of the enterprise shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. Under the clear regulations and heavy penalties, Xiaobian here advises the card friends who have moved their minds, or don’t touch the line of fire, it is better to get burned.

● Editor’s note:

Many people think that the new regulations for blue light trucks seem to put a "tightening spell" on the car. However, according to Xiaobian, the original draft for comments has promoted the progress of 2.5L, making it now reach a powerful output of about 160 horsepower and 450 Nm. In addition to these, blocking vehicles and so on can also restrict the overload phenomenon that many people are "used to" to a certain extent, but this may not be effective immediately. (Text/Yuan Sheng)

For us today, it is not a problem to spend the hot summer. However, it’s not easy to travel to Chang ‘an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty more than 1000 years ago.

The research of Zhu Kezhen, a famous meteorologist, shows that there were four warm periods in ancient Chinese history, among which the Tang Dynasty was the hottest period. Chang ‘an at that time was extremely hot in summer. Du Fu wrote that "the birds died of bitter heat, and the fish in the pond dried up their mud", "It’s never sunset, and it’s toxic to my intestines", and "it’s not enough to eat temporary meals on July 6". The poet Wang Gu’s "Bitter and Hot Journey" is even more frightening: "Zhu Rong came from the south to whip the fire dragon, and the flame of the fire flag burned the sky red. The sun will not freeze at noon, and all nations will be in a furnace. "

At that time, there was a "literary society" in Chang ‘an, called Ten Talented Scholars in Dali. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, the ten talented scholars were Li Duan, Lu Lun, Ji Zhongfu, Han Han, Qian Qi, Sikong Shu, Miao Fa, Cui Yao, Geng Yong, Xiahou Shen, and in some versions there was Li Yi.

In ancient times, writers with the same style of works often called each other, including two people, three people and eight people. It is very rare for these ten poets to say the same thing. They are all poets in Tang Daizong’s Dali period. They wrote about their personal life experiences, feasted and sang, and toured the mountains and enjoyed the water. They created the delicate beauty of the Dali poetry circle and left many poems with friends, so people gave them this reputation.

Ten talented people are outstanding in poetry, and some of their summer remedies are also revealed in their poems.

It is Qian Qi’s way to build a small courtyard to enjoy the cool in the summer. The poem "Summer and Cool" is based on this feeling:

When Li Yi was enjoying the cool breeze in his own home, he suddenly remembered his friends Miao Fa and Sikong Shu. I wonder if they are cool, so he wrote a poem "Send Miao Fa Sikong Shu at the Bamboo Window":

There is a summer resort in the south of Chang ‘an, Jionji, which is close to Qujiang. The temple is planted with Gu Song bamboo, which is quiet and quiet. You can also bathe in the cool wind when you climb the tower. In the Tang Dynasty, all the scholars in the New China inscribed their names in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, where people can enjoy the cool and soak in the rain and dew of the scholars.

Li Duan and Miao Fa, when the summer heat was difficult, went to Jionji, south of the city, and spent a rare cool day. Li Duan was deeply touched, and wrote "Summer with Miao Fa in Jionji":

Li Duan used allusions, old poems and Buddhist scriptures in his poems, and Tiger Creek and Lotus were all handy. At the same time, the meaning of coolness also sneaked into the wind, like a lotus flower, pure and pure. Lu Lun and Cui Dong also came to Jionji for the summer in a hot summer, which really happened to coincide. Lu Lun was full of poetry, and wrote a poem "Summer Vacation in Jionji with Cui Yao":

The poem describes that people in Chang ‘an are like fire houses in midsummer, which shows that Chang ‘an was very hot at that time.

At that time, the powerful family in Beijing had good summer conditions. Li Duan and others have close contacts with the prime ministers Yuan Zai and Wang Jin, and they have many opportunities to go in and out of the prime minister’s office, so they naturally get a good chance to enjoy the cool. Therefore, Li Duan wrote this poem "Feng and Wang Yuan’s two-phase summer vacation Huai Du Taiwei":

In addition to this summer poem, the ten talented people also sang with Yuan Wang. Cui Yao and Qian Qi have the same topic "Painting Komatsu in Yuan Dynasty, Wang Xiang Gong and Du San Xiang Gong", Han Yi has dozens of songs and poems, such as "Serving Yuan Xiang Gong’s Home", Geng Kun’s "Sending Yuan School Book Lang Bo and Xiangguo Yuanzi in Spring", Sikong Shu’s "Sending Yuan School Book in Early Summer" and Lu Lun’s. From these poems, we can see that Li Duan and other ten talented people in Dali had close contacts with the prime ministers Yuan Zai and Wang Jin at that time, which may be the reason why Yuan Zai and Wang Jin recommended ten talented people many times. Thanks to the help of the two prime ministers, the situation of the ten talented people has been greatly improved, and they have taken up positions in the imperial court, which has added some protection to their "drifting in Beijing" life, so that they can have the opportunity and space to sing and sing. To some extent, the establishment of the status of the ten talented people is inseparable from the painstaking efforts of Yuan and Wang. In this way, it is more than a trivial matter to go to the prime minister’s office to enjoy the cool.

These summer poems written by them not only have literary value, but also have historical significance to understand the summer life of the people in the Tang Dynasty.

◎ The source of this article: "Appreciation of Ancient Poetry", Tuyuan Network, and the copyright of pictures and texts belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.

　　China news agency, Johannesburg, July 3 (Reporter Damon) As of July 3, local time, South Africa’s power rationing level has dropped to a lower level III, and the duration of power rationing has reached the shortest in the past two years. According to South Africa’s Minister of Electricity Ramohopa, South Africa’s power generation capacity has improved significantly at present, and South Africans are expected to be protected from the impact of continuous power cuts this winter.

　　Since 2023, the problem of power rationing in South Africa has become more and more serious, and frequent power rationing measures have seriously affected the production and life of local people. At the beginning of the year, it once entered a state of national disaster due to large-scale power rationing. Especially with the coming of winter, the outside world has unanimously looked down on the power supply prospect of South Africa this winter.

　　However, with the coming to power of La Mohopa and the continuous reform of the power system, the power supply situation in South Africa has been continuously improved. According to Ramohopa, the expert team of the South African National Power Company is working around the clock to ensure that the power generation capacity of the power company can meet the people’s higher demand for electricity in winter. At present, it can basically guarantee that there will be no power cuts for two-thirds of the day, and the supply and demand are gradually shrinking, which will gradually get rid of the power cuts in South Africa.

　　According to Ramohopa, through strengthening internal supervision and the presence of the South African Defence Force, the current cases of sabotage and corruption against the South African power system have also been greatly reduced, which undoubtedly boosted the confidence of the outside world in the South African National Power Company.

　　However, Ramohopa admits that there are still many generator sets in trouble, and the power supply system is still fragile and faces greater risks. Therefore, the South African people still need to be prepared to deal with the possibility of nationwide power cuts.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shenzhen, August 24th (Reporter Zhou Ke) The reporter learned from the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court that on the 23rd, the court publicly pronounced a verdict on 28 people, including Dong Ming, the controller of Shenzhen Financing City Network Service Center Co., Ltd., who were suspected of committing the crime of fund-raising fraud and illegally absorbing public deposits.

　　The court sentenced the defendant Dong Ming to life imprisonment for the crime of fund-raising fraud, deprived him of political rights for life, and confiscated his personal property of RMB 100 million. For the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits, 27 defendants, including Wang Lianlin, Ge Shaoyong, Yang Xiaoshan and Ke Lixin, were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of 10 years to fixed-term imprisonment of 3 years, suspended for 3 years, and fined. The stolen money shall continue to be recovered by the public security organs, and the recovered part shall be returned to the fund-raising participants in proportion according to law; The funds seized and frozen in the case shall be returned to the fund-raising participants in proportion according to law; After the property, vehicles, shares and articles sealed up and detained in the case are changed in price, they will be returned to the fund-raising participants in proportion according to law, and the insufficient part will be ordered to continue to refund compensation and be returned separately according to the same principle according to law.

　　The court found through trial that in March 2009, the defendant Dong Ming established Shenzhen Financing City Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. by means of cross-shareholding of his holding company, and later renamed it Shenzhen Financing City Network Service Center Co., Ltd., and established an Internet investment and financing platform. Dong Ming and others illegally raised funds by investing in wealth management, investing in shares, etc. without the approval of the competent authorities of the state, and illegally controlled the fund-raising by using methods such as self-financing, returning new packages to old ones, and intercepting financing funds, and illegally raised RMB 4.945 billion from 5,240 people.

　　After trial, the court held that the defendant Dong Ming illegally raised funds for the purpose of illegal possession. After raising funds, it was obviously disproportionate to the scale of raising funds for production and business activities. The profitability of production and business activities did not have the possibility of paying all the principal and interest, and the principal and interest were mainly returned by borrowing new ones. As a result, the amount of funds raised could not be returned, and the circumstances were particularly serious, which constituted the crime of fund-raising fraud. The defendants Wang Lianlin, Ge Shaoyong, Yang Xiaoshan, Ke Lixin and other 27 people illegally absorbed public deposits, disrupting the financial order, and the amount was huge, all of which constituted the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits. According to the facts, nature, circumstances, amount and degree of harm to society of each defendant, the court made the above judgment.

　　More than 400 relatives of the defendant, fund-raising participants and people from all walks of life attended the verdict.

　　Cctv newsAccording to "Zhengzhou Released" WeChat WeChat official account News, in late July, Zhengzhou was hit by a torrential rain that was rare in history. Party organizations at all levels in the city and party member cadres led the masses to fight in the front line of flood control and disaster relief, and a large number of advanced models emerged. Eight comrades, including Ren Jijun, died in the line of duty. In order to inspire fighting spirit, carry forward healthy trends, encourage Party organizations at all levels in the city and the vast number of cadres in party member to benchmark the advanced standards, unite as one, overcome the difficulties together, resolutely win the two tough battles of epidemic prevention and control and post-disaster reconstruction, and make unremitting efforts to speed up the modernization of national central cities, the Municipal Party Committee decided to posthumously award Ren Jijun and other eight comrades the title of "Zhengzhou Excellent Communist party member".

　　Ren Jijun, male, Han nationality, born in December 1974, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, joined the work in December 1993 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in April 1998. Before his death, he served as a member of the Party Working Committee of Jicheng Road Street in Zhengdong New District and deputy director of the office, a member of the Party Working Committee of Boxue Road and deputy director of the office, and a deputy secretary and director of the office of Jinguanglu Party Working Committee. After 28 years of work, Comrade Ren Jijun has been fighting at the grassroots level. He is brave in taking responsibility, pragmatic and hard-working, and has made outstanding achievements. Since the flood control and emergency rescue, as the main person in charge of the office, he has always insisted on putting people first and life first, always fighting in the forefront of flood control and emergency rescue, and tried his best to protect people’s lives and property. At about 23: 50 on July 20, he was killed when he went to the resettlement area to check the flood control situation.

　　Zhai Xiang, male, Han nationality, was born in Shangshui, Henan Province in January 1984. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in April 2015 and joined the work in October 2007. Before his death, he served as a member of the Law Enforcement Squadron of Longzihu Sub-district Office in Zhengdong New District, a member of the government office of Xingda Road Sub-district Office, deputy director of the Information Statistics Center, deputy director of the Urban Construction Institute of Jinguanglu Office, director of the Land Planning Institute and director of the Party and Government Office. After working for 14 years, Zhai worked hard and dedicated to his comrades, 2014— In 2020, the annual assessment was excellent for seven consecutive years. At about 23: 50 on July 20, I went to the resettlement area with Comrade Ren Jijun to check the flood control situation, and I was killed by a road collapse and falling into the water.

　　Ma Xinxi, male, Han nationality, born in March 1970, Gongyi, Henan, joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in June 2017, and served as the leader of Group 13 of Mibei Village, Mihe Town, gongyi city. Ma Xinxi was enthusiastic about the masses, conscientious and responsible for his work, and actively participated in village affairs, which was widely praised by the masses. Since the flood control and emergency rescue, as a village cadre, he has responded to the call of the party organization and checked the dangers overnight to protect the lives and property of more than 4,600 people in the village. At about 13: 00 on July 20, the comrade was involved in the flood and sacrificed in the process of saving the trapped people in Mibei Village.

　　Rong Xianzhou, male, Han nationality, born in October 1969, Gongyi, Henan, joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 2002, and was a former member of the Party branch of Guandian Village, Dayugou Town, gongyi city. Since 2002, I have worked in the village. With my love for my hometown and affection for the masses, I have actively participated in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and contributed to the development of the village. In the face of the torrential rain disaster, Comrade Rong Xianzhou took an active part in flood control and emergency rescue regardless of his personal safety. On July 20, 2021, he was killed by a landslide while investigating the danger.

　　Wang Junjie, male, Han nationality, was born in May 1974 in Xinmi, Henan Province. He joined the work in August 1994 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in December 1996. Before his death, he served as deputy inspector of xinmi city Commission for Discipline Inspection, director of comprehensive room, director of comprehensive room and director of case inspection room 1, secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission of Chengguan Town, xinmi city, chairman of Chengguan Town People’s Congress, member of the leading group and deputy director of xinmi city Development and Reform Commission. Since joining the work for 27 years, Comrade Wang Junjie has been down-to-earth, upright and innovative, and his work in charge has been rated as advanced year after year. At about 20: 30 on July 20, he was washed away and sacrificed by the flood on his way back from flood control.

　　Wang Hongqiang, male, Han nationality, was born in November 1964 in Xinmi, Henan Province. He joined the work in December 1989 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1986. Before his death, he worked in xinmi city Chengguan Town Government Land Institute, Family Planning Office, Mine Management Office and Safety Emergency Management Office. Comrade Wang Hongqiang has been working at the grass-roots level for a long time, and he loves his post and works hard, which has won the respect and recognition of his comrades. At about 23 o’clock on July 20th, Chengguan Town Emergency Relief Headquarters decided to transfer all the residents trapped in Jinhewan community and its surrounding areas. Comrade Wang Hongqiang actively participated in it, and transferred more than 400 people overnight. At about 18: 40 on July 21st, he died because of overwork and sudden myocardial infarction.

　　Fan Yanping, male, Han nationality, born in December 1969 in Xinmi, Henan Province, joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 2005, and was born as secretary and dean of the Party branch of Yuanzhuang Township Health Center in xinmi city. He is skilled in medical skills and dedicated to his post. In recent years, he has actively promoted grassroots health and poverty alleviation work and traveled to 1814 poor households in the township. In the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, he led the cadres and workers of the whole hospital to rush to the front line, guard the checkpoint, provide excellent service, and build an epidemic prevention barrier in the jurisdiction. On July 20, 2021, he was suddenly sacrificed by mountain torrents while leading the staff of the hospital to the village health centers in the jurisdiction to check the flood control safety.

　　Peng Feng, male, Han nationality, was born in September 1983, joined the work in June 2007, and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in January 2006. He was born as the inspector general of Mouyuan Water Development Co., Ltd. in Zhengzhou, zhongmou county. In the past 14 years, Comrade Peng Feng has been brave in taking responsibility and pragmatic, and has successively won the honors of party member, the company’s model communist, the advanced individual of the year and the advanced individual in epidemic prevention and control. At about 16: 00 on July 22, 2021, during the flood control and disaster relief, he was exhausted when he jumped into the landslide and closed the water supply valve.

　　Eight comrades, including Ren Jijun, kept in mind their initial intentions, fulfilled their mission, worked hard and fulfilled their duties in ordinary posts, charged ahead in times of crisis, and wrote an epic hymn of life with their blood and life. They are advanced models emerged by party member cadres in flood control and disaster relief in our city. They are outstanding representatives of grassroots party member cadres who stood up when the people needed them most and were not afraid of sacrifice. They used their exemplary behavior and limited life to interpret the loyalty and responsibility of Communist party member.

　　The municipal party committee called on party member cadres to learn from Ren Jijun and other eight comrades. Learn from them that they are firm in faith, loyal to the party, listen to the party’s command, follow orders, forge ahead, and fight bravely for the cause of the party and the people; Learn from their dedication and courage to take responsibility, take every task assigned by the organization seriously, and show the responsibility of party member cadres with practical actions; Learn from them that they care about the masses and serve the people wholeheartedly, always put the masses in the highest position in their hearts, put the interests of the people first, and faithfully practice the party’s purpose; Learn from their heroic spirit of being fearless in times of crisis, charging ahead, striving selflessly, putting the safety of people’s lives and property first, and "sacrificing everything for the party and the people at any time".

　　Party organizations at all levels should take learning the advanced deeds of eight comrades, including Ren Jijun, as an important part of promoting the study and education of party history at present, organize extensive study and publicity in various forms, guide the broad masses of party member cadres to follow the example of advanced models, unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, work hard, stand on a new stage of development, implement new development concepts and integrate into the new development pattern, and make new and greater contributions to accelerating the modernization of national central cities.

　　Core reading

　　Reform and opening up is the most remarkable feature and magnificent weather in contemporary China. On the new journey, we should constantly deepen our understanding of the regularity of reform and opening up, constantly push forward the comprehensive deepening of reform to March in breadth and depth, constantly realize the people’s longing for a better life, ensure the realization of the goal of the second century as scheduled, and constantly create new and greater miracles that will impress the world.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle (hereinafter referred to as the Resolution) adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, China’s reform and opening up has gone through a magnificent course and achieved remarkable achievements." "Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party has continuously promoted the comprehensive deepening of reforms to March in breadth and depth, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has become more mature and stereotyped, the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity has been continuously improved, and the cause of the Party and the state has been given new vitality." Reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the future and destiny of contemporary China, which has promoted China to achieve a great leap from backward times to catching up with and leading the times. On the new journey, we will continue to push forward reform and opening up, and make unremitting efforts to realize the goal of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of all the party’s theories and practices since the reform and opening up.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Reform and opening up is a great awakening of our party, and it is this great awakening that gave birth to our party’s great creation from theory to practice. Reform and opening up is a great revolution in the history of the development of Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It is this great revolution that has promoted the great leap of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause! " Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of the whole theory and practice of the Party since the reform and opening up. On the basis of summing up the experience of the world socialist movement and China’s socialist construction, our party deeply realizes that socialist construction is a process of continuous development and change, and there is no fixed and unique model, so we must combine the universal truth of Marxism with China’s concrete reality. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party clearly put forward "taking our own road and building socialism with China characteristics", United and led the people of China, emancipated their minds and forged ahead, and initiated, persisted, defended and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, our party founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, formed Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System, and achieved a new leap in China Marxism. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has United and led the people of China, self-confident, self-reliant, upright and innovative, taking charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, and making overall plans to promote ".The overall layout of "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of "four comprehensive" strategic layout have pushed Socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by the Supreme Leader, founded the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which achieved a new leap in the China of Marxism and made scientific socialism glow with more vitality.

　　At every major historical juncture of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s development, it was through reform and opening up that it broke through the predicament and made continuous progress towards new success. Reform and opening up have broken the imprisonment of rigid and conservative ideas, and the ideological outlook and spiritual outlook of the whole party and the people throughout the country have taken on a new look; It broke the traditional planned economy system, and made rural areas and cities compete with each other for generate’s endless vitality and creativity. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of extensive and profound changes in the domestic and international environment and a series of new contradictions and challenges facing China’s development, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has held high the banner of reform and opening up in the new era, taking promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people’s well-being as the starting point and foothold, highlighting the problem orientation, focusing on further emancipating the mind, liberating and developing social productive forces, liberating and enhancing social vitality, and strengthening top-level design and overall planning. Strengthen the systematicness, integrity and coordination of reform, stimulate people’s initiative, push forward the reform in important areas and key links, make Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system more mature and stereotyped, and continuously improve the modernization level of national governance system and governance capacity. Our Party unswervingly adheres to the guiding position of Marxism and the basic principles of scientific socialism, constantly promotes theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation, constantly endows Socialism with Chinese characteristics with distinctive practical characteristics, theoretical characteristics, national characteristics and times characteristics, and demonstrates the strong vitality of scientific socialism with irrefutable facts.

　　Reform and opening up have enabled the Chinese nation to stand in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude.

　　After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from rural areas to cities, from economic fields to other fields, the wave of reform is unstoppable; From the coast to the border along the Yangtze River, from the east to the central and western regions, the door to openness is gradually opened. By 2010, the world ranking of China’s total economic output has jumped from 11th in 1978 to 2nd, becoming the world’s largest manufacturing country and the world’s largest exporter of goods. At the same time, the internal and external environment of China’s development has undergone extensive and profound changes. The reform has entered a critical period and deep water area. The easy reform has been completed, and the rest are hard bones. The complexity, sensitivity and linkage of continuing to promote reform are unprecedented.

　　In the new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has raised the flag, planned the layout of articles, comprehensively deepened the reform, made drastic efforts, overcome difficulties, and presented a situation of all-round efforts, multi-point breakthroughs, steady steps and in-depth advancement, which has solved many problems that have been tried for a long time but not solved, and has become many major events that were tried but not done in the past. A series of major reforms in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, ecological civilization system and party building system have been solidly promoted, and various measures to facilitate the people, benefit the people and benefit the people have been continuously implemented, making reform and opening up the most remarkable feature and magnificent weather in contemporary China. The Resolution pointed out: "The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is epoch-making, which has opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making. The transformation of reform from partial exploration and breaking through the ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening has created a new situation in China’s reform and opening up. " In 2020, under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic and the deep recession of the global economy, China became the only major economy in the world that achieved positive economic growth, and its GDP exceeded 100 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, accounting for 17.4% of the world.

　　The reform and opening up has greatly changed the face of China, the face of the Chinese nation, the face of the people of China and the face of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has ushered in a great leap from establishment, development to perfection, China people have ushered in a great leap from insufficient food and clothing to a well-off society, and the Chinese nation is standing in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude. After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have jumped to a new level, explored a Chinese-style modernization road suitable for its national conditions, expanded the way for developing countries to modernize, and provided new choices for countries and nations in the world who want to accelerate their development and maintain their independence.

　　Constantly push forward the comprehensive and deepening reform to March in breadth and depth.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics was born in the reform and opening up, and it will certainly grow and develop in the reform and opening up." The Resolution emphasizes "comprehensively deepening reform and opening up". On the new journey, we should constantly deepen our understanding of the regularity of reform and opening up, constantly push forward the comprehensive deepening of reform to March in breadth and depth, constantly realize the people’s longing for a better life, ensure the realization of the goal of the second century as scheduled, and constantly create new and greater miracles that will impress the world.

　　Accurately grasp the direction, position and principles of reform and opening up. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Our reform and opening up has a direction, a position and principles." Over the past 40 years, reform and opening up have advanced in a complicated domestic and international environment. Because of the correct direction, scientific methods and proper control, reform and opening up have always been advancing along the right path. In the new journey, no matter what we change or what step we take, we must adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, the overall goal of improving and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and the people-centered value orientation.

　　Adhere to the party’s leadership and respect the people’s initiative. The centralized and unified leadership of the party is the compass, the fixed disk star and the ballast stone to ensure the continuous progress of reform and opening up. The party’s ability and determination to set the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform have ensured that the ship of reform and opening up has always sailed along the right course. Reform and opening up is the cause of hundreds of millions of people, and the people’s initiative provides a steady stream of wisdom and strength for reform and opening up. We should adhere to the combination of party leadership and respect for the people’s initiative, insist that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, unite the wisdom and strength of the overwhelming majority of the people in the reform, and work with the people to push the reform forward.

　　Adhere to the combination of crossing the river by feeling the stones and strengthening the top-level design. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Crossing the river by feeling the stones conforms to people’s understanding of objective laws and the dialectics of things from quantitative change to qualitative change." Touching the stone is to touch the law, which is a process of continuous accumulation of experiment, summary and promotion. In the new era, the relevance and interaction between the local and the overall situation of reform and opening up, the temporary solution and the root cause, and the gradual and breakthrough have been significantly enhanced, and the importance of top-level design and overall planning has been significantly enhanced. We should continue to stick to the combination of crossing the river by feeling the stones and strengthening the top-level design, promote the overall promotion and key breakthroughs, properly handle the relationship between top-level design and layered docking, do a good job in supporting the top, bottom, left and right, and all aspects, pay attention to the coordinated promotion of various reforms, make various reforms complement each other, have a "chemical reaction", and turn institutional advantages into governance efficiency.

　　Adhere to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation. Reform is forced by problems, and it is deepened by constantly solving problems. At the beginning of reform and opening-up, although we faced many difficulties and challenges, we were full of confidence in the future and planned a grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in three steps. In the process of reform and opening up, we adhere to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation, overcome the concept of opposing market and plan, and clarify the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system; Corrected the concept of conflict between economic development and environmental protection, and clarified Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept; Wait a minute. Practice has proved that adhering to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation can effectively resolve the contradictions and problems encountered in progress and continuously achieve new achievements in reform and opening up.

　　Coordinate development and security. Development and security are two wings of an organic whole and two wheels of driving. Security is the premise of development, and development is the guarantee of security. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to the overall concept of national security, adhered to the bottom line thinking, prepared for danger in times of peace, put national interests first, aimed at people’s safety, based on political security, based on economic security, guaranteed by military, scientific, technological, cultural and social security, supported by promoting international security, coordinated development and security, coordinated opening up and security, and coordinated traditional and non-traditional security. Facing the great struggle with many new historical characteristics, we must strengthen the spirit of struggle, improve our fighting skills, implement the leadership responsibility and work responsibility of preventing and defusing various risks, pay attention to preventing and defusing major risks that affect China’s modernization process, and provide a strong guarantee for the prosperity and long-term stability of the party and the country.

　　(The author is the vice president of China Academy of Social Sciences)

　　People’s Daily (13th edition, December 2, 2021)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 21stTitle:Promoting the Modernization of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control System and Ability —— Detailed explanation of the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan in the Tenth Five-Year Plan

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xiacun

　　Recently, the National Disaster Reduction Committee issued the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan. This is the fourth comprehensive plan for disaster prevention and reduction at the national level in China. From what aspects will China’s disaster prevention and mitigation work be exerted? What kind of goals are achieved? At the press conference held by the Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Emergency Management Department on the 21st, the responsible persons of relevant departments made an interpretation.

　　Strive to basically realize the modernization of natural disaster prevention and control system and prevention and control capacity by 2035.

　　Regarding the planning objectives, Chen Sheng, director of the Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced that from the first stage to 2025, a natural disaster prevention and control system with overall planning and efficiency, clear responsibilities, combination of prevention and control, social participation and coordination with high-quality economic and social development will be basically established; In the second stage, we will strive to basically modernize the natural disaster prevention and control system and prevention and control capacity by 2035, and the prevention and response to major disasters will be more powerful, orderly and effective.

On May 12, 2022, Xiangshan District, Huaibei City, Anhui Province held a comprehensive disaster reduction emergency drill. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wan Shanchao)

　　"Under the overall goal, the plan has defined 6 sub-goals and 12 major tasks in 2 major sectors." Chen Sheng said, on the one hand, we should strengthen the standardization construction, revise and improve the laws and regulations on disaster prevention and mitigation, establish and improve the investigation and evaluation system for major and extraordinary disasters, and improve all kinds of emergency plans and standards and norms in various fields; on the other hand, we should strengthen the mechanism construction, establish and improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism for natural disaster prevention and control, and improve the work pattern of joint management and coordination.

　　Second, focus on disaster risk reduction, highlight source control, incorporate disaster risk assessment into the requirements of national spatial planning, build a national comprehensive risk database for natural disasters, and prepare a comprehensive risk map and a prevention and control zoning map to minimize disaster risks.

　　Third, focus on efficient disaster relief, add a central disaster relief material reserve, improve the disaster emergency response mechanism and various rescue policies, and strengthen the linkage between early warning and emergency response.

　　Fourth, focus on consolidating the foundation of disaster prevention and mitigation, deploy major projects to build scientific and technological support capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation, encourage the development of disaster prevention and mitigation industries, consolidate the grass-roots organization system for disaster prevention and mitigation, and extensively carry out popular science education on disaster prevention and mitigation. Every village (community) in urban and rural areas throughout the country has at least one disaster information officer.

　　Release earthquake warning information within 10 seconds after catastrophic earthquakes in key areas.

　　Zhou Weixin, deputy director of the Planning and Finance Department of the Seismological Bureau of China, said that the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work during the 14th Five-Year Plan period will further consolidate the monitoring foundation, strengthen forecasting and early warning, find out the risk base, strengthen seismic fortification, ensure emergency response, enhance public services, innovate seismic technology and promote modernization.

　　First, strengthen the capacity building of earthquake monitoring, forecasting and early warning. Accelerate the construction of earthquake monitoring network, and release earthquake early warning information within 10 seconds after catastrophic earthquakes occur in key areas. Strive to make short-term and imminent earthquake prediction with effective disaster reduction.

　　The second is to strengthen the capacity building of earthquake disaster risk prevention and control. Accelerate the evaluation of seismic exploration zoning, complete the investigation of key hidden dangers of earthquake disasters in earthquake-prone areas nationwide, and compile the sixth-generation seismic zoning map. Accelerate the strengthening and reconstruction of houses in earthquake-prone areas and improve the seismic fortification capacity of buildings.

　　The third is to strengthen the capacity building of earthquake emergency rescue. Provide automatic and rapid evaluation opinions on earthquake disasters within 15 minutes after the earthquake, provide rapid evaluation results of earthquake disasters within 40 minutes, and provide opinions on earthquake trend judgment within 60 minutes, which provides support for efficient and orderly earthquake rescue tasks.

　　On May 11th, 2022, children of Lvyuan Sunshine Kindergarten in Nanming District of Guiyang City learned the skills of disaster prevention, mitigation and self-help under the guidance of firefighters. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zhao Song)

　　China is one of the countries with the most serious meteorological disasters in the world. Deng Shizhong, deputy director of the Emergency Disaster Reduction and Public Service Department of China Meteorological Bureau, said that a meteorological disaster risk prediction and early warning service system should be established by disaster types, regions and industries, and meteorological disaster impact prediction and risk early warning services should be developed. Strengthen comprehensive disaster reduction, promote the meteorological service guarantee of the whole chain of natural disaster prevention, resistance and rescue, improve the linkage mechanism and progressive early warning service mechanism with meteorological disaster warning as the guide, and build the first line of defense for disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　Within 10 hours of the disaster, the basic livelihood of the affected people was effectively rescued.

　　Lai Hongzhou, deputy director of the Disaster Relief Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced that the plan clearly stated that disaster relief should be more powerful and efficient during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and the basic livelihood of the affected people was effectively rescued within 10 hours of the disaster. He said that the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Emergency Management Department will focus on the planning objectives, and further strengthen the capacity building of disaster relief from the aspects of detailed resettlement and assistance for the masses, ensuring the supply of disaster relief materials, and doing a good job in departmental emergency linkage.

　　Lai Hongzhou also introduced that at present, China has built a five-level disaster information officer system at the provincial, city, county, township and village levels, with a total of more than 1 million people, most of whom are part-time cadres at the grassroots level, covering all urban and rural communities in the country, and disaster-prone areas are also equipped with A and B corners. Disaster information officers at all levels are mainly responsible for reporting disaster statistics, and at the same time take into account the tasks of early warning information transmission, disaster hidden danger investigation, dangerous information reporting, etc., and assist in the emergency relocation and life assistance of the affected people.

　　Lai Hongzhou said that the main purpose of building this team is to build a nationwide disaster information statistical reporting network to ensure that people at the grassroots level report disasters, will report disasters, and report them accurately and quickly. Every disaster information officer plays the role of "nerve endings". In case of emergency, he can timely transmit disaster information to the "brain center", providing important information support for the decision-making of party committees and governments at all levels in emergency rescue and disaster relief, and minimizing the loss of people’s lives and property.

(Editor: Luan Fei)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) national defense law

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress on March 14, 1997)　

According to the Decision on Amending Some Laws of the 10th Session of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee on August 27th, 2009.　

Revised at the 24th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on December 26th, 2020)

Catalogue

Chapter I General Principles

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Chapter III Armed Forces

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of building and consolidating national defense, ensuring the smooth progress of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Article 2 This Law is applicable to the military activities carried out by the state to guard against and resist aggression, stop armed subversion and division, and safeguard national sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests, as well as military-related political, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technological and educational activities.

Article 3 National defense is the security guarantee for the survival and development of the country.

The state strengthens the construction of armed forces, strengthens the defense construction in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, develops national defense scientific research and production, popularizes national defense education for the whole people, improves the national defense mobilization system, and realizes national defense modernization.

Article 4 National defense activities adhere to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s Thought of the New Era, implement the Supreme Leader’s Thought of Strengthening the Army, adhere to the overall concept of national security, implement the military strategic policy of the new era, and build a consolidated national defense and powerful armed force commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and development interests.

Article 5 The State exercises unified leadership over national defense activities.

Article 6 People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursues a defensive national defense policy, independently builds and consolidates national defense, actively defends and upholds national defense for all.

The state adheres to the coordinated, balanced and compatible development of economic construction and national defense construction, carries out national defense activities in accordance with the law, accelerates the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realizes the unification of enriching the country and strengthening the armed forces.

Article 7 It is the sacred duty of every citizen in People’s Republic of China (PRC) to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens should fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations should support and participate in national defense construction according to law, perform national defense duties and complete national defense tasks.

Article 8 The state and society respect and give preferential treatment to servicemen, safeguard their status and legitimate rights and interests, and carry out various forms of activities of supporting the army and giving priority to their families, so that servicemen can become a respected profession of the whole society.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force carried out activities to support the government and love the people, and consolidated the unity of the army, the government and the people.

Article 9 People’s Republic of China (PRC) actively promotes international military exchanges and cooperation, safeguards world peace and opposes acts of aggression and expansion.

Article 10 Organizations and individuals who have made contributions to national defense activities shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

Article 11 Any organization or individual that violates this Law and other relevant laws, refuses to perform national defense obligations or endangers national defense interests shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Public officials who abuse their powers, neglect their duties or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in national defense activities shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Article 12 The National People’s Congress decides on issues of war and peace in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and exercises other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the NPC Standing Committee decides to declare a state of war, decide on national general mobilization or partial mobilization, and exercise other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Article 13 In accordance with the decisions of the National People’s Congress and the NPC Standing Committee, President People’s Republic of China (PRC) declared a state of war, issued a mobilization order, and exercised other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Fourteenth the State Council leadership and management of national defense construction, exercise the following functions and powers:

(a) the preparation of relevant development plans and plans for national defense construction;

(2) Formulating relevant policies and administrative regulations on national defense construction;

(3) to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(four) the management of national defense funds and national defense assets;

(five) to lead and manage the mobilization of the national economy and the construction and organization of civil air defense and national defense transportation;

(six) the leadership and management of yongjunyoushu work and retired military security work;

(7) Co-leading the construction of militia, conscription and management of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields with the Central Military Commission (CMC);

(eight) other functions and powers related to national defense construction as prescribed by law.

Article 15 the Central Military Commission (CMC) leads the national armed forces and exercises the following functions and powers:

(a) unified command of the national armed forces;

(2) to decide on the military strategy and the operational policy of the armed forces;

(three) to lead and manage the construction of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, formulate plans and organize their implementation;

(four) to submit a motion to the National People’s Congress or the NPC Standing Committee;

(5) To formulate military regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and laws;

(6) To decide on the system and establishment of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and to stipulate the tasks and responsibilities of the Central Military Commission (CMC) government departments, war zones, services and arms, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and other units;

(seven) in accordance with the provisions of laws and military regulations, the appointment and removal, training, assessment and reward and punishment of members of the armed forces;

(eight) to decide on the weapons and equipment system of the armed forces, formulate weapons and equipment development plans, and cooperate with the State Council to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(nine) to manage national defense funds and national defense assets in conjunction with the State Council;

(ten) to lead and manage the mobilization and reserve work of the people’s armed forces;

(eleven) to organize international military exchanges and cooperation;

(twelve) other functions and powers as prescribed by law.

Article 16 the Central Military Commission (CMC) implements the chairman responsibility system.

Seventeenth the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC) to establish a coordination mechanism to solve major issues of national defense affairs.

The central state organs and the relevant departments of the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs may hold meetings according to the situation to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs.

Article 18 Local people’s congresses at various levels and the standing committees of local people’s congresses at or above the county level shall, within their respective administrative areas, ensure the observance and implementation of laws and regulations on national defense affairs.

Local people’s governments at various levels shall, within the limits of authority prescribed by law, administer the work of conscription, militia, mobilization of national economy, civil air defense, national defense transportation, protection of national defense facilities, and protection and preferential treatment of demobilized soldiers.

Article 19 Local people’s governments at all levels and resident military organs shall convene joint meetings of the military and the land as needed to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs within their respective administrative areas.

The joint military-civilian meeting shall be convened jointly by the responsible persons of the local people’s governments and the resident military organs. The participants in the joint military-civilian meeting shall be determined by the convener.

Matters agreed upon at the joint meeting of the military and local authorities shall be handled by the local people’s government and the resident military organs according to their respective responsibilities and tasks, and major matters shall be reported to their superiors respectively.

Chapter III Armed Forces

Article 20 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) belong to the people. Its task is to consolidate national defense, resist aggression, defend the motherland, safeguard the people’s peaceful labor, participate in national construction, and serve the people wholeheartedly.

Article 21 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) organizations in the armed forces carry out their activities in accordance with Constitution of the Communist Party of China.

Article 22 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are composed of the China People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia.

The China People’s Liberation Army is composed of active and reserve forces. Its mission in the new era is to provide strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development. Active duty troops are the standing army of the country, mainly responsible for defensive operations and carrying out non-war military operations in accordance with regulations. The reserve forces shall conduct military training and carry out defensive operations and non-war military operations in accordance with regulations; According to the mobilization order issued by the state, the Central Military Commission (CMC) issued an order to be transferred to active service.

The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force is responsible for duty, handling social security emergencies, preventing and handling terrorist activities, maritime rights enforcement, emergency rescue and defensive operations, and other tasks entrusted by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

The militia, under the command of military organs, undertakes combat readiness, non-war military operations and defensive operations.

Article 23 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) must abide by the Constitution and laws.

Article 24 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should adhere to the road of strengthening the army with China characteristics, strengthen the army with politics, reform, science and technology, strengthen the army with talents, manage the army according to law, strengthen military training, carry out political work, improve the level of security, comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organization, military personnel and weapons and equipment, build a modern combat system with China characteristics, comprehensively improve combat effectiveness, and strive to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era.

Article 25 The size of People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should meet the needs of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests.

Article 26 Military service in People’s Republic of China (PRC) is divided into active service and reserve service. The service system for servicemen and reservists shall be prescribed by law.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force implement the rank system in accordance with the law.

Article 27 The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall practise a civilian personnel system in their designated posts.

Article 28 The flag and emblem of China People’s Liberation Army are the symbols and symbols of China People’s Liberation Army. The flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force are the symbols and symbols of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

Citizens and organizations shall respect the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

The design, style and management measures for the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

Article 29 The State prohibits any organization or individual from illegally establishing an armed organization, illegal armed activities and posing as a soldier or armed forces organization.

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Article 30 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s territorial land, waters and airspace are inviolable. The state builds strong and stable modern frontier defense, coastal defense and air defense, and adopts effective defense and management measures to safeguard the safety of territorial land, territorial waters and airspace and safeguard the national maritime rights and interests.

The state takes necessary measures to safeguard the safety of activities, assets and other interests in other major security fields such as space, electromagnetism and cyberspace.

Article 31 the Central Military Commission (CMC) shall exercise unified leadership over defense work in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields.

The central state organs, local people’s governments at various levels and relevant military organs shall, within the prescribed scope of functions and powers, be responsible for the management and defense of frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security areas in a division of labor, and jointly safeguard national security and interests.

Article 32 The state shall, according to the needs of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, strengthen the construction of defense forces and build defense facilities such as operations, command, communications, measurement and control, navigation, protection, transportation and security. People’s governments at all levels and military organs shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, ensure the construction of national defense facilities and protect the safety of national defense facilities.

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Article 33 The state establishes and improves the national defense science, technology and industry system, develops national defense scientific research and production, and provides the armed forces with weapons and equipment with advanced performance, reliable quality, complete supporting facilities, convenient operation and maintenance, and other applicable military materials to meet the needs of national defense.

Article 34 The national defense science, technology and industry shall follow the policy of combining military and civilian, combining peacetime and wartime, giving priority to military products, being driven by innovation, and being independent and controllable.

The state makes overall plans for the construction of national defense science, technology and industry, adheres to the principle of national leadership, division of labor and cooperation, professional support, openness and integration, and maintains the national defense scientific research and production capacity with appropriate scale and reasonable layout.

Article 35 The state makes full use of the superior resources of the whole society, promotes the progress of national defense science and technology, speeds up independent research and development of technology, gives full play to the leading role of high and new technologies in the development of weapons and equipment, increases technical reserves, improves the national defense intellectual property system, promotes the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements, promotes the sharing and collaborative innovation of scientific and technological resources, and improves the national defense scientific research capability and the technical level of weapons and equipment.

Article 36 The state creates favorable environment and conditions, strengthens the training of national defense science and technology talents, encourages and attracts outstanding talents to enter the field of national defense scientific research and production, and stimulates the innovative vitality of talents.

National defense science and technology workers should be respected by the whole society. The state gradually improves the treatment of national defense science and technology workers and protects their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 37 The State practices a military procurement system according to law to ensure the procurement and supply of weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services needed by the armed forces.

Article 38 The State exercises unified leadership and planned control over national defense scientific research and production. Pay attention to the role of market mechanism and promote fair competition in national defense scientific research and production and military procurement activities.

The state provides necessary guarantee conditions and preferential policies for organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement according to law. Local people’s governments at all levels shall provide assistance and support to organizations and individuals that undertake national defense scientific research and production tasks and accept military procurement according to law.

Organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement should keep secrets, complete tasks in a timely and efficient manner, ensure quality and provide corresponding service guarantees.

The state implements a system of quality responsibility investigation for weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services supplied to the armed forces according to law.

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Article 39 The state guarantees the necessary funds for national defense. The growth of national defense funds should be compatible with national defense demand and the level of national economic development.

National defense funds shall be subject to budget management according to law.

Article 40 The funds directly invested by the state for the construction of armed forces, national defense scientific research and production and other national defense construction, the allocated land and other resources, and the resulting weapons and equipment, equipment and facilities, materials and equipment, and technological achievements used for national defense purposes belong to national defense assets.

National defense assets belong to the state.

Article 41 The state shall, according to the needs of national defense and economic construction, determine the scale, structure and layout of national defense assets, and adjust and dispose of national defense assets.

The management institutions and units that possess and use national defense assets shall manage national defense assets according to law and give full play to their effectiveness.

Article 42 The state protects national defense assets from infringement and ensures the safety, integrity and effectiveness of national defense assets.

It is forbidden for any organization or individual to destroy, damage or occupy national defense assets. Without the approval of institutions authorized by the State Council, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), the possessor or user of national defense assets shall not change the use of national defense assets for national defense purposes. The technological achievements in national defense assets can be used for other purposes in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on the premise of adhering to national defense priority and ensuring safety.

The management organization of national defense assets or the units that possess and use national defense assets that are no longer used for national defense purposes shall, in accordance with the provisions, submit for approval, and use them for other purposes or dispose of them according to law.

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Article 43 Through national defense education, the state enables all citizens to enhance their sense of national defense, strengthen their sense of hardship, master national defense knowledge, improve their national defense skills, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, and fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

Popularizing and strengthening national defense education is the common responsibility of the whole society.

Article 44 National defense education adheres to the principle of participation by the whole people, long-term persistence and practical results, and implements the principles of combining regular education with centralized education, combining universal education with key education, and combining theoretical education with behavioral education.

Forty-fifth national defense education departments should strengthen the organization and management of national defense education, and other relevant departments should do a good job in national defense education in accordance with the prescribed responsibilities.

Military organs shall support relevant organs and organizations to carry out national defense education and provide relevant facilities according to law.

All state organs, armed forces, political parties, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall organize their own regions, departments and units to carry out national defense education.

National defense education in schools is the basis of national defense education for all. Schools at all levels and types should set up appropriate national defense education courses, or increase the content of national defense education in relevant courses. Ordinary institutions of higher learning and high school schools shall organize military training for students in accordance with regulations.

Public officials should actively participate in national defense education, improve national defense literacy, and play an exemplary role in national defense education for all.

Forty-sixth people’s governments at all levels should incorporate national defense education into the national economic and social development plan to ensure the funds needed for national defense education.

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Article 47 When People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests are threatened, the state shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, carry out national general mobilization or partial mobilization.

Article 48 The State shall incorporate the preparations for national defense mobilization into the overall national development plan and plan, improve the national defense mobilization system, enhance the national defense mobilization potential and enhance the national defense mobilization capability.

Article 49 The State establishes a strategic material reserve system. Strategic material reserves should be of moderate scale, safe storage, convenient call and regular replacement to ensure wartime needs.

Article 50 Relevant departments of the national defense mobilization leading bodies, central state organs and the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs shall organize the preparation and implementation of national defense mobilization in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other organizations and citizens must complete preparations for national defense mobilization in accordance with the law; After the mobilization order is issued by the state, the required national defense mobilization task must be completed.

Article 51 The state may, according to the needs of national defense mobilization, expropriate and requisition the equipment, facilities, means of transportation, places and other property of organizations and individuals according to law.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, give fair and reasonable compensation for the direct economic losses caused by the expropriation and requisition.

Article 52 The state declares a state of war in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and adopts various measures to concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to lead all citizens to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Article 53 It is the glorious duty of People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens to perform military service and join militia organizations in accordance with the law.

Military service organs at all levels and people’s armed institutions at the grass-roots level shall handle military service according to law, complete conscription tasks according to the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), and ensure the quality of soldiers. Relevant state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall complete the militia and reserve work in accordance with the law and assist in the task of conscription.

Article 54 Enterprises, institutions and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks or accepting military procurement shall provide weapons and equipment or materials, projects and services that meet quality standards as required.

Enterprises, institutions and individuals shall, in accordance with state regulations, implement national defense requirements in construction projects closely related to national defense and safeguard the needs of national defense construction and military operations according to law. The management and operation units of transportation facilities such as stations, ports, airports and roads shall provide priority services for the passage of military personnel, military vehicles and ships, and give preferential treatment in accordance with regulations.

Article 55 Citizens shall receive national defense education.

Citizens and organizations shall protect national defense facilities and shall not destroy or endanger them.

Citizens and organizations shall abide by the confidentiality provisions, and shall not disclose state secrets in national defense, and shall not illegally hold secret documents, materials and other secret articles in national defense.

Article 56 Citizens and organizations shall support national defense construction and provide convenience or other assistance for military training, combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations of the armed forces.

The state encourages and supports qualified citizens and enterprises to invest in national defense, protects the legitimate rights and interests of investors and gives preferential policies according to law.

Article 57 Citizens and organizations have the right to make suggestions on national defense construction and to stop or report acts endangering national defense interests.

Article 58 Militia, reservists and other citizens shall perform their duties and obligations when they participate in military training according to law and undertake tasks such as combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations. The state and society ensure that they enjoy corresponding treatment, and give them preferential treatment in accordance with relevant regulations.

Citizens and organizations that suffer direct economic losses due to national defense construction and military activities may receive compensation in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Fifty-ninth soldiers must be loyal to the motherland, loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC), perform their duties, fight bravely, not afraid of sacrifice, and defend the security, honor and interests of the motherland.

Article 60 Soldiers must abide by the Constitution and laws in an exemplary manner, observe military regulations, execute orders and strictly observe discipline.

Article 61 Soldiers should carry forward the fine traditions of the people’s army, love and protect the people, take an active part in socialist modernization and complete tasks such as emergency rescue and disaster relief.

Article 62 Soldiers should be respected by the whole society.

The state establishes a military meritorious honor recognition system.

The state takes effective measures to protect the honor and personal dignity of military personnel, and provides special protection for the marriage of military personnel in accordance with the law.

The behavior of military personnel performing their duties according to law is protected by law.

Article 63 The state and society give preferential treatment to servicemen.

The state establishes a military treatment guarantee system that is compatible with military occupation and coordinated with the development of national economy.

Article 64 The state establishes a security system for retired military personnel, properly arranges retired military personnel and safeguards their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 65 The state and society give preferential treatment to disabled soldiers and give special protection to disabled soldiers’s life and medical care according to law.

After disabled soldiers, who was disabled or sick due to war or duty, retired from active service, the people’s governments at or above the county level shall promptly receive resettlement and ensure that his life is not lower than the local average living standard.

Article 66 The state and society give preferential treatment to families of servicemen, and give preferential treatment to families of martyrs and families of servicemen who died in the line of duty.

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Article 67 People’s Republic of China (PRC) adheres to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, maintains the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, adheres to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, promotes the building of a community of human destiny, independently handles foreign military relations, and conducts military exchanges and cooperation.

Article 68 People’s Republic of China (PRC) follows the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, uses its armed forces in accordance with relevant national laws to protect the safety of citizens, organizations, institutions and facilities in China overseas, participates in United Nations peacekeeping, international rescue, maritime escort, joint training, combating terrorism and other activities, fulfills its international security obligations and safeguards the country’s overseas interests.

Article 69 People’s Republic of China (PRC) supports the military-related activities carried out by the international community that are conducive to maintaining world and regional peace, security and stability, supports the efforts made by the international community for the fair and reasonable settlement of international disputes and international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, participates in multilateral dialogue and negotiations in the security field, and promotes the formulation of universally accepted, fair and reasonable international rules.

Article 70 In its foreign military relations, People’s Republic of China (PRC) abides by relevant treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to with foreign countries and international organizations.

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Article 71 The term "serviceman" as mentioned in this Law refers to officers, non-commissioned officers, conscripts and other personnel serving in the China People’s Liberation Army.

The provisions of this Law concerning soldiers shall apply to the People’s Armed Police.

Article 72 The defense of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region shall be stipulated by the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region and relevant laws.

Article 73 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2021.

Disclaimer: This article was originally published in the 8th issue of Party History Expo in 2016, and was published by communist party News Network of China authorized by Party History Expo magazine. Please do not reprint.

one

In October 1950, Qamdo was liberated. In February 1951, the local government of Xizang sent Ngapoi Ngawangjigme to Beijing for peace talks, and signed the Agreement between the Central People’s Government and the local government of Xizang on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang (the "Seventeen-Article Agreement") on May 23rd.

The Party Committee of the 18th Army, headed by the commander Zhang Guohua and the political commissar Tan Guansan, followed the instructions of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Southwest Military Region, and formed an advance detachment of more than 300 Tibetan and Han comrades, with Wang Qimei, deputy political commissar of the 18th Army, as commander and political commissar, Chen Jingbo as chief of staff, Gu Caoping as deputy chief of staff and Lin Liang as director of the political department. Ngapoi Ngawangjigme, chief representative of Xizang local government, and his wife Ngapoi Caidan Zhuoga are traveling with the advance detachment of Tibet. The tasks of the advance detachment in Tibet are: to take the lead and create conditions for the main force to enter Xizang; Publicize the party’s ethnic and religious policies in an exemplary manner, and publicize and implement the "17-Article Agreement" in an exemplary manner. The advance detachment of Tibet started from Qamdo on July 25, 1951 and arrived in Lhasa on September 9, which lasted more than 40 days and traveled more than 2,000 kilometers. The author also joined the advance detachment of Tibet with her husband Wang Qimei.

Before departure, all the officers and men of the advance detachment in Tibet carefully studied the "17-Article Agreement", the relevant instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau and the political mobilization order for marching into Xizang jointly issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau, Southwest Military Region and the Second Field Army Command. The mobilization order called for: "All commanders and combatants who marched into the army and all Communist party member should carry forward their infinite loyalty to the revolutionary cause, deeply understand the great political significance of marching into Xizang, make full preparations ideologically, organizationally and at work, carry forward the glorious tradition of the people’s army’s heroic and tenacious struggle, carry forward the spirit of class friendship of unity and mutual assistance, and resolutely complete the task of marching into Xizang."

two

From Qamdo to Lhasa, we have to cross the Hengduan Mountains, the Lancang River, the Nujiang River and other rivers. The roads we pass through are rugged, sparsely populated, ice and snow, and the air is thin. At that time, there was no detailed map of Xizang, and the road conditions were not clear, so the advance team in Tibet could only explore and move forward.

Here, only the fragments of the advance detachment entering Tibet passing through the "poor eight stops" are described:

From Changdu to Lhasa, Xizang local government has set up 24 post stations along the way. The masses call it "eight stops poor, eight stops rich, and eight stops neither poor nor rich". On August 13, 1951, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Charansondo, arrived in Ojug, rested for two days, and then went on to enter the "poor eight stations". Because the conditions of the "poor eight stations" are extremely difficult, and there is a lack of food and grass, the command of the advance detachment into Tibet divides the troops into three echelons. About 55 kilometers from Arendo to Rendo, it is full of virgin forests and deep mountain canyons, and it has to go through a dangerous plank road. There are cliffs on one side, cliffs more than 20 feet deep on the other, and rushing rapids below. The road is only one or two feet wide. In many places, only a few pieces of wood are placed on the cliffs in mid-air, and each section is one or two feet long. Some plank roads are in disrepair, and the wood has rotted or loosened. There are also some slopes that are steep and steep, and the people in front of the troops are like walking on the heads of the people behind them. They walk and stand for a while and move very slowly.

On August 19th, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Renduo and completely entered the area without firewood. At the foot of Nugongla Mountain, there is a place called Duodong. It is said that there used to be two or three families. For some reason, the houses were burned down and the residents moved into the deep mountains. Before the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, the local people heard that the People’s Liberation Army had implemented the "17-Article Agreement" and had to pass through here to March into Lhasa, and they all came back automatically. They and several families in nearby villages took the initiative to form a transport team, cut firewood from the mountains more than 70 miles away, and transported it to the roadside with yaks to support the PLA. When the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, it found firewood supported by the masses in the ruins, and everyone was deeply moved by the enthusiastic support of the Tibetan people.

On the 20th, the advance detachment of Tibet crossed Nugongla Mountain. This is a veritable rocky mountain, 5 kilometers up and 5 kilometers down, all of which are stone roads. Only the gurgling sound of running water in the mountains seems to be boiling, but there is no running water. People must be very careful when walking on the rugged rocky road. When the troops were approaching the top of the mountain, a soldier in his twenties suddenly fainted. He was short of breath, trembling all over, and his face was livid, while his gun, backpack and dry food bag were still on his back. When Comrade Wang Qimei learned about it, he immediately followed the cavalry to the scene of the accident, asked the guards to take down the soldier’s things as soon as possible, untied his neckline, helped him onto his horse, and sent him down the mountain.

After going down the mountain, there is still a long way to go from the campsite. Because there was no firewood in the campsite, everyone took a bundle of firewood supported by the masses when they passed the herdsmen’s tent in the Zhuka pasture, and then headed for the campsite. The climate on the plateau is really like a naughty child, moody. After a while, the scorching sun was on the head, and the sun made people dizzy; After a while, the rainstorm poured down, drenching people like a drowned rat. The troops were marching, and suddenly a strong wind came with dark clouds, and a hail hit everyone’s heads and bodies violently. People can’t walk, so they have to stand on the road, cover their heads with backpacks and firewood, and accept the relentless hail attack. About half an hour later, the hail passed and we continued to March. The troops camped in a meadow 2.5 kilometers west of Mozhuka. Comrades in each class perform their duties according to the specific division of labor before departure. Some set up tents, some cook in pots, and some release their horses in an orderly way. Leading comrades called the relevant personnel of the department, the government and the post-March to report the day’s March, sum up experience, and study and arrange the tasks for the next day. Unexpectedly, before the rice was cooked, the hail suddenly came again, and the wind roared, blowing the tent like a boat on a rough wave, swaying. If the iron piles were not firmly laid and the ropes were strong, the tent might be blown away. Hail rattled the grass, tents and iron pots, as if playing a large symphony. That night, the wind blew out the lights in the tent, and the hail put out the fire under the cooker. A pot of uncooked rice was soaked in hail and rain. A thick layer of hail on the ground filled up the drainage ditch dug around the tent. After a day of marching,极为疲劳和饥饿，但因为冰雹、狂风捣乱，结果连热饭也没吃成，仅吃了几口糌粑，就摸黑睡觉了。

三

进藏先遣支队经过艰难的行程，于1951年9月5日到达拉萨东郊的达孜。其时，张经武同志作为中央人民政府和毛主席的代表，绕道印度，已先于我们到达拉萨。张代表派乐于泓和李天柱同志前来看望进藏先遣支队。

9月9日，进藏先遣支队进入拉萨并举行了隆重的入城仪式。全体指战员身着草绿色呢子军服，排成长队，几名年轻的战士抬着毛主席、朱总司令的画像走在队伍前列，继而是军乐队和腰鼓队。拉萨主要街道上红旗飘扬，军乐齐鸣，进藏先遣支队的指战员们个个精神焕发，队列整齐，气势雄壮。西藏地方政府搭起彩色帐篷，并派西藏地方政府和谈代表成员凯墨·索南旺堆、柳霞·土登塔巴率文武官员、僧俗各界代表前来欢迎。僧俗藏胞身穿节日盛装，倾城而出，古城拉萨呈现出一片欢乐景象。进藏先遣支队领导人和噶厦的主要官员互献哈达。王其梅等先遣支队领导按照西藏的民族风俗，到各大寺庙发放布施，拜会达赖喇嘛和寺庙僧侣、政府官员等各界知名人士。西藏上层爱国人士也行回拜和宴请。

On October 26th, 1951, the commander of Zhang Guohua and the political commissar of Tan Guansan led the main force of the 18th Army to Lhasa, which opened a new chapter in Tibetan history.

(Wang Xianmei was born in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province in 1924. He joined the revolution in March 1938 and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the same year. He used to be the director of the office of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of the Ministry of Light Industry. Died in 2009)

Channel selection

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Reviewing the Long March Story —— Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Red Army’s Long March Victory

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The Mystery of "Missing" on the Long March in Chen Yun

Mao Zedong’s trip to the Yellow River

General and Wizards-Legend of Xu Xiangqian