Core reading

　　Reform and opening up is the most remarkable feature and magnificent weather in contemporary China. On the new journey, we should constantly deepen our understanding of the regularity of reform and opening up, constantly push forward the comprehensive deepening of reform to March in breadth and depth, constantly realize the people’s longing for a better life, ensure the realization of the goal of the second century as scheduled, and constantly create new and greater miracles that will impress the world.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle (hereinafter referred to as the Resolution) adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, China’s reform and opening up has gone through a magnificent course and achieved remarkable achievements." "Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party has continuously promoted the comprehensive deepening of reforms to March in breadth and depth, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has become more mature and stereotyped, the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity has been continuously improved, and the cause of the Party and the state has been given new vitality." Reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the future and destiny of contemporary China, which has promoted China to achieve a great leap from backward times to catching up with and leading the times. On the new journey, we will continue to push forward reform and opening up, and make unremitting efforts to realize the goal of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of all the party’s theories and practices since the reform and opening up.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Reform and opening up is a great awakening of our party, and it is this great awakening that gave birth to our party’s great creation from theory to practice. Reform and opening up is a great revolution in the history of the development of Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It is this great revolution that has promoted the great leap of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause! " Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of the whole theory and practice of the Party since the reform and opening up. On the basis of summing up the experience of the world socialist movement and China’s socialist construction, our party deeply realizes that socialist construction is a process of continuous development and change, and there is no fixed and unique model, so we must combine the universal truth of Marxism with China’s concrete reality. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party clearly put forward "taking our own road and building socialism with China characteristics", United and led the people of China, emancipated their minds and forged ahead, and initiated, persisted, defended and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, our party founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, formed Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System, and achieved a new leap in China Marxism. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has United and led the people of China, self-confident, self-reliant, upright and innovative, taking charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, and making overall plans to promote ".The overall layout of "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of "four comprehensive" strategic layout have pushed Socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by the Supreme Leader, founded the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which achieved a new leap in the China of Marxism and made scientific socialism glow with more vitality.

　　At every major historical juncture of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s development, it was through reform and opening up that it broke through the predicament and made continuous progress towards new success. Reform and opening up have broken the imprisonment of rigid and conservative ideas, and the ideological outlook and spiritual outlook of the whole party and the people throughout the country have taken on a new look; It broke the traditional planned economy system, and made rural areas and cities compete with each other for generate’s endless vitality and creativity. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of extensive and profound changes in the domestic and international environment and a series of new contradictions and challenges facing China’s development, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has held high the banner of reform and opening up in the new era, taking promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people’s well-being as the starting point and foothold, highlighting the problem orientation, focusing on further emancipating the mind, liberating and developing social productive forces, liberating and enhancing social vitality, and strengthening top-level design and overall planning. Strengthen the systematicness, integrity and coordination of reform, stimulate people’s initiative, push forward the reform in important areas and key links, make Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system more mature and stereotyped, and continuously improve the modernization level of national governance system and governance capacity. Our Party unswervingly adheres to the guiding position of Marxism and the basic principles of scientific socialism, constantly promotes theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation, constantly endows Socialism with Chinese characteristics with distinctive practical characteristics, theoretical characteristics, national characteristics and times characteristics, and demonstrates the strong vitality of scientific socialism with irrefutable facts.

　　Reform and opening up have enabled the Chinese nation to stand in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude.

　　After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from rural areas to cities, from economic fields to other fields, the wave of reform is unstoppable; From the coast to the border along the Yangtze River, from the east to the central and western regions, the door to openness is gradually opened. By 2010, the world ranking of China’s total economic output has jumped from 11th in 1978 to 2nd, becoming the world’s largest manufacturing country and the world’s largest exporter of goods. At the same time, the internal and external environment of China’s development has undergone extensive and profound changes. The reform has entered a critical period and deep water area. The easy reform has been completed, and the rest are hard bones. The complexity, sensitivity and linkage of continuing to promote reform are unprecedented.

　　In the new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has raised the flag, planned the layout of articles, comprehensively deepened the reform, made drastic efforts, overcome difficulties, and presented a situation of all-round efforts, multi-point breakthroughs, steady steps and in-depth advancement, which has solved many problems that have been tried for a long time but not solved, and has become many major events that were tried but not done in the past. A series of major reforms in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, ecological civilization system and party building system have been solidly promoted, and various measures to facilitate the people, benefit the people and benefit the people have been continuously implemented, making reform and opening up the most remarkable feature and magnificent weather in contemporary China. The Resolution pointed out: "The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is epoch-making, which has opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making. The transformation of reform from partial exploration and breaking through the ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening has created a new situation in China’s reform and opening up. " In 2020, under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic and the deep recession of the global economy, China became the only major economy in the world that achieved positive economic growth, and its GDP exceeded 100 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, accounting for 17.4% of the world.

　　The reform and opening up has greatly changed the face of China, the face of the Chinese nation, the face of the people of China and the face of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has ushered in a great leap from establishment, development to perfection, China people have ushered in a great leap from insufficient food and clothing to a well-off society, and the Chinese nation is standing in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude. After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have jumped to a new level, explored a Chinese-style modernization road suitable for its national conditions, expanded the way for developing countries to modernize, and provided new choices for countries and nations in the world who want to accelerate their development and maintain their independence.

　　Constantly push forward the comprehensive and deepening reform to March in breadth and depth.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics was born in the reform and opening up, and it will certainly grow and develop in the reform and opening up." The Resolution emphasizes "comprehensively deepening reform and opening up". On the new journey, we should constantly deepen our understanding of the regularity of reform and opening up, constantly push forward the comprehensive deepening of reform to March in breadth and depth, constantly realize the people’s longing for a better life, ensure the realization of the goal of the second century as scheduled, and constantly create new and greater miracles that will impress the world.

　　Accurately grasp the direction, position and principles of reform and opening up. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Our reform and opening up has a direction, a position and principles." Over the past 40 years, reform and opening up have advanced in a complicated domestic and international environment. Because of the correct direction, scientific methods and proper control, reform and opening up have always been advancing along the right path. In the new journey, no matter what we change or what step we take, we must adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, the overall goal of improving and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and the people-centered value orientation.

　　Adhere to the party’s leadership and respect the people’s initiative. The centralized and unified leadership of the party is the compass, the fixed disk star and the ballast stone to ensure the continuous progress of reform and opening up. The party’s ability and determination to set the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform have ensured that the ship of reform and opening up has always sailed along the right course. Reform and opening up is the cause of hundreds of millions of people, and the people’s initiative provides a steady stream of wisdom and strength for reform and opening up. We should adhere to the combination of party leadership and respect for the people’s initiative, insist that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, unite the wisdom and strength of the overwhelming majority of the people in the reform, and work with the people to push the reform forward.

　　Adhere to the combination of crossing the river by feeling the stones and strengthening the top-level design. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Crossing the river by feeling the stones conforms to people’s understanding of objective laws and the dialectics of things from quantitative change to qualitative change." Touching the stone is to touch the law, which is a process of continuous accumulation of experiment, summary and promotion. In the new era, the relevance and interaction between the local and the overall situation of reform and opening up, the temporary solution and the root cause, and the gradual and breakthrough have been significantly enhanced, and the importance of top-level design and overall planning has been significantly enhanced. We should continue to stick to the combination of crossing the river by feeling the stones and strengthening the top-level design, promote the overall promotion and key breakthroughs, properly handle the relationship between top-level design and layered docking, do a good job in supporting the top, bottom, left and right, and all aspects, pay attention to the coordinated promotion of various reforms, make various reforms complement each other, have a "chemical reaction", and turn institutional advantages into governance efficiency.

　　Adhere to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation. Reform is forced by problems, and it is deepened by constantly solving problems. At the beginning of reform and opening-up, although we faced many difficulties and challenges, we were full of confidence in the future and planned a grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in three steps. In the process of reform and opening up, we adhere to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation, overcome the concept of opposing market and plan, and clarify the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system; Corrected the concept of conflict between economic development and environmental protection, and clarified Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept; Wait a minute. Practice has proved that adhering to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation can effectively resolve the contradictions and problems encountered in progress and continuously achieve new achievements in reform and opening up.

　　Coordinate development and security. Development and security are two wings of an organic whole and two wheels of driving. Security is the premise of development, and development is the guarantee of security. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to the overall concept of national security, adhered to the bottom line thinking, prepared for danger in times of peace, put national interests first, aimed at people’s safety, based on political security, based on economic security, guaranteed by military, scientific, technological, cultural and social security, supported by promoting international security, coordinated development and security, coordinated opening up and security, and coordinated traditional and non-traditional security. Facing the great struggle with many new historical characteristics, we must strengthen the spirit of struggle, improve our fighting skills, implement the leadership responsibility and work responsibility of preventing and defusing various risks, pay attention to preventing and defusing major risks that affect China’s modernization process, and provide a strong guarantee for the prosperity and long-term stability of the party and the country.

　　(The author is the vice president of China Academy of Social Sciences)

　　People’s Daily (13th edition, December 2, 2021)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) national defense law

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress on March 14, 1997)　

According to the Decision on Amending Some Laws of the 10th Session of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee on August 27th, 2009.　

Revised at the 24th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on December 26th, 2020)

Catalogue

Chapter I General Principles

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Chapter III Armed Forces

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of building and consolidating national defense, ensuring the smooth progress of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Article 2 This Law is applicable to the military activities carried out by the state to guard against and resist aggression, stop armed subversion and division, and safeguard national sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests, as well as military-related political, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technological and educational activities.

Article 3 National defense is the security guarantee for the survival and development of the country.

The state strengthens the construction of armed forces, strengthens the defense construction in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, develops national defense scientific research and production, popularizes national defense education for the whole people, improves the national defense mobilization system, and realizes national defense modernization.

Article 4 National defense activities adhere to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s Thought of the New Era, implement the Supreme Leader’s Thought of Strengthening the Army, adhere to the overall concept of national security, implement the military strategic policy of the new era, and build a consolidated national defense and powerful armed force commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and development interests.

Article 5 The State exercises unified leadership over national defense activities.

Article 6 People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursues a defensive national defense policy, independently builds and consolidates national defense, actively defends and upholds national defense for all.

The state adheres to the coordinated, balanced and compatible development of economic construction and national defense construction, carries out national defense activities in accordance with the law, accelerates the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realizes the unification of enriching the country and strengthening the armed forces.

Article 7 It is the sacred duty of every citizen in People’s Republic of China (PRC) to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens should fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations should support and participate in national defense construction according to law, perform national defense duties and complete national defense tasks.

Article 8 The state and society respect and give preferential treatment to servicemen, safeguard their status and legitimate rights and interests, and carry out various forms of activities of supporting the army and giving priority to their families, so that servicemen can become a respected profession of the whole society.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force carried out activities to support the government and love the people, and consolidated the unity of the army, the government and the people.

Article 9 People’s Republic of China (PRC) actively promotes international military exchanges and cooperation, safeguards world peace and opposes acts of aggression and expansion.

Article 10 Organizations and individuals who have made contributions to national defense activities shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

Article 11 Any organization or individual that violates this Law and other relevant laws, refuses to perform national defense obligations or endangers national defense interests shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Public officials who abuse their powers, neglect their duties or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in national defense activities shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Article 12 The National People’s Congress decides on issues of war and peace in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and exercises other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the NPC Standing Committee decides to declare a state of war, decide on national general mobilization or partial mobilization, and exercise other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Article 13 In accordance with the decisions of the National People’s Congress and the NPC Standing Committee, President People’s Republic of China (PRC) declared a state of war, issued a mobilization order, and exercised other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Fourteenth the State Council leadership and management of national defense construction, exercise the following functions and powers:

(a) the preparation of relevant development plans and plans for national defense construction;

(2) Formulating relevant policies and administrative regulations on national defense construction;

(3) to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(four) the management of national defense funds and national defense assets;

(five) to lead and manage the mobilization of the national economy and the construction and organization of civil air defense and national defense transportation;

(six) the leadership and management of yongjunyoushu work and retired military security work;

(7) Co-leading the construction of militia, conscription and management of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields with the Central Military Commission (CMC);

(eight) other functions and powers related to national defense construction as prescribed by law.

Article 15 the Central Military Commission (CMC) leads the national armed forces and exercises the following functions and powers:

(a) unified command of the national armed forces;

(2) to decide on the military strategy and the operational policy of the armed forces;

(three) to lead and manage the construction of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, formulate plans and organize their implementation;

(four) to submit a motion to the National People’s Congress or the NPC Standing Committee;

(5) To formulate military regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and laws;

(6) To decide on the system and establishment of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and to stipulate the tasks and responsibilities of the Central Military Commission (CMC) government departments, war zones, services and arms, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and other units;

(seven) in accordance with the provisions of laws and military regulations, the appointment and removal, training, assessment and reward and punishment of members of the armed forces;

(eight) to decide on the weapons and equipment system of the armed forces, formulate weapons and equipment development plans, and cooperate with the State Council to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(nine) to manage national defense funds and national defense assets in conjunction with the State Council;

(ten) to lead and manage the mobilization and reserve work of the people’s armed forces;

(eleven) to organize international military exchanges and cooperation;

(twelve) other functions and powers as prescribed by law.

Article 16 the Central Military Commission (CMC) implements the chairman responsibility system.

Seventeenth the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC) to establish a coordination mechanism to solve major issues of national defense affairs.

The central state organs and the relevant departments of the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs may hold meetings according to the situation to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs.

Article 18 Local people’s congresses at various levels and the standing committees of local people’s congresses at or above the county level shall, within their respective administrative areas, ensure the observance and implementation of laws and regulations on national defense affairs.

Local people’s governments at various levels shall, within the limits of authority prescribed by law, administer the work of conscription, militia, mobilization of national economy, civil air defense, national defense transportation, protection of national defense facilities, and protection and preferential treatment of demobilized soldiers.

Article 19 Local people’s governments at all levels and resident military organs shall convene joint meetings of the military and the land as needed to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs within their respective administrative areas.

The joint military-civilian meeting shall be convened jointly by the responsible persons of the local people’s governments and the resident military organs. The participants in the joint military-civilian meeting shall be determined by the convener.

Matters agreed upon at the joint meeting of the military and local authorities shall be handled by the local people’s government and the resident military organs according to their respective responsibilities and tasks, and major matters shall be reported to their superiors respectively.

Chapter III Armed Forces

Article 20 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) belong to the people. Its task is to consolidate national defense, resist aggression, defend the motherland, safeguard the people’s peaceful labor, participate in national construction, and serve the people wholeheartedly.

Article 21 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) organizations in the armed forces carry out their activities in accordance with Constitution of the Communist Party of China.

Article 22 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are composed of the China People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia.

The China People’s Liberation Army is composed of active and reserve forces. Its mission in the new era is to provide strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development. Active duty troops are the standing army of the country, mainly responsible for defensive operations and carrying out non-war military operations in accordance with regulations. The reserve forces shall conduct military training and carry out defensive operations and non-war military operations in accordance with regulations; According to the mobilization order issued by the state, the Central Military Commission (CMC) issued an order to be transferred to active service.

The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force is responsible for duty, handling social security emergencies, preventing and handling terrorist activities, maritime rights enforcement, emergency rescue and defensive operations, and other tasks entrusted by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

The militia, under the command of military organs, undertakes combat readiness, non-war military operations and defensive operations.

Article 23 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) must abide by the Constitution and laws.

Article 24 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should adhere to the road of strengthening the army with China characteristics, strengthen the army with politics, reform, science and technology, strengthen the army with talents, manage the army according to law, strengthen military training, carry out political work, improve the level of security, comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organization, military personnel and weapons and equipment, build a modern combat system with China characteristics, comprehensively improve combat effectiveness, and strive to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era.

Article 25 The size of People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should meet the needs of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests.

Article 26 Military service in People’s Republic of China (PRC) is divided into active service and reserve service. The service system for servicemen and reservists shall be prescribed by law.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force implement the rank system in accordance with the law.

Article 27 The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall practise a civilian personnel system in their designated posts.

Article 28 The flag and emblem of China People’s Liberation Army are the symbols and symbols of China People’s Liberation Army. The flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force are the symbols and symbols of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

Citizens and organizations shall respect the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

The design, style and management measures for the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

Article 29 The State prohibits any organization or individual from illegally establishing an armed organization, illegal armed activities and posing as a soldier or armed forces organization.

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Article 30 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s territorial land, waters and airspace are inviolable. The state builds strong and stable modern frontier defense, coastal defense and air defense, and adopts effective defense and management measures to safeguard the safety of territorial land, territorial waters and airspace and safeguard the national maritime rights and interests.

The state takes necessary measures to safeguard the safety of activities, assets and other interests in other major security fields such as space, electromagnetism and cyberspace.

Article 31 the Central Military Commission (CMC) shall exercise unified leadership over defense work in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields.

The central state organs, local people’s governments at various levels and relevant military organs shall, within the prescribed scope of functions and powers, be responsible for the management and defense of frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security areas in a division of labor, and jointly safeguard national security and interests.

Article 32 The state shall, according to the needs of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, strengthen the construction of defense forces and build defense facilities such as operations, command, communications, measurement and control, navigation, protection, transportation and security. People’s governments at all levels and military organs shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, ensure the construction of national defense facilities and protect the safety of national defense facilities.

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Article 33 The state establishes and improves the national defense science, technology and industry system, develops national defense scientific research and production, and provides the armed forces with weapons and equipment with advanced performance, reliable quality, complete supporting facilities, convenient operation and maintenance, and other applicable military materials to meet the needs of national defense.

Article 34 The national defense science, technology and industry shall follow the policy of combining military and civilian, combining peacetime and wartime, giving priority to military products, being driven by innovation, and being independent and controllable.

The state makes overall plans for the construction of national defense science, technology and industry, adheres to the principle of national leadership, division of labor and cooperation, professional support, openness and integration, and maintains the national defense scientific research and production capacity with appropriate scale and reasonable layout.

Article 35 The state makes full use of the superior resources of the whole society, promotes the progress of national defense science and technology, speeds up independent research and development of technology, gives full play to the leading role of high and new technologies in the development of weapons and equipment, increases technical reserves, improves the national defense intellectual property system, promotes the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements, promotes the sharing and collaborative innovation of scientific and technological resources, and improves the national defense scientific research capability and the technical level of weapons and equipment.

Article 36 The state creates favorable environment and conditions, strengthens the training of national defense science and technology talents, encourages and attracts outstanding talents to enter the field of national defense scientific research and production, and stimulates the innovative vitality of talents.

National defense science and technology workers should be respected by the whole society. The state gradually improves the treatment of national defense science and technology workers and protects their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 37 The State practices a military procurement system according to law to ensure the procurement and supply of weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services needed by the armed forces.

Article 38 The State exercises unified leadership and planned control over national defense scientific research and production. Pay attention to the role of market mechanism and promote fair competition in national defense scientific research and production and military procurement activities.

The state provides necessary guarantee conditions and preferential policies for organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement according to law. Local people’s governments at all levels shall provide assistance and support to organizations and individuals that undertake national defense scientific research and production tasks and accept military procurement according to law.

Organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement should keep secrets, complete tasks in a timely and efficient manner, ensure quality and provide corresponding service guarantees.

The state implements a system of quality responsibility investigation for weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services supplied to the armed forces according to law.

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Article 39 The state guarantees the necessary funds for national defense. The growth of national defense funds should be compatible with national defense demand and the level of national economic development.

National defense funds shall be subject to budget management according to law.

Article 40 The funds directly invested by the state for the construction of armed forces, national defense scientific research and production and other national defense construction, the allocated land and other resources, and the resulting weapons and equipment, equipment and facilities, materials and equipment, and technological achievements used for national defense purposes belong to national defense assets.

National defense assets belong to the state.

Article 41 The state shall, according to the needs of national defense and economic construction, determine the scale, structure and layout of national defense assets, and adjust and dispose of national defense assets.

The management institutions and units that possess and use national defense assets shall manage national defense assets according to law and give full play to their effectiveness.

Article 42 The state protects national defense assets from infringement and ensures the safety, integrity and effectiveness of national defense assets.

It is forbidden for any organization or individual to destroy, damage or occupy national defense assets. Without the approval of institutions authorized by the State Council, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), the possessor or user of national defense assets shall not change the use of national defense assets for national defense purposes. The technological achievements in national defense assets can be used for other purposes in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on the premise of adhering to national defense priority and ensuring safety.

The management organization of national defense assets or the units that possess and use national defense assets that are no longer used for national defense purposes shall, in accordance with the provisions, submit for approval, and use them for other purposes or dispose of them according to law.

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Article 43 Through national defense education, the state enables all citizens to enhance their sense of national defense, strengthen their sense of hardship, master national defense knowledge, improve their national defense skills, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, and fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

Popularizing and strengthening national defense education is the common responsibility of the whole society.

Article 44 National defense education adheres to the principle of participation by the whole people, long-term persistence and practical results, and implements the principles of combining regular education with centralized education, combining universal education with key education, and combining theoretical education with behavioral education.

Forty-fifth national defense education departments should strengthen the organization and management of national defense education, and other relevant departments should do a good job in national defense education in accordance with the prescribed responsibilities.

Military organs shall support relevant organs and organizations to carry out national defense education and provide relevant facilities according to law.

All state organs, armed forces, political parties, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall organize their own regions, departments and units to carry out national defense education.

National defense education in schools is the basis of national defense education for all. Schools at all levels and types should set up appropriate national defense education courses, or increase the content of national defense education in relevant courses. Ordinary institutions of higher learning and high school schools shall organize military training for students in accordance with regulations.

Public officials should actively participate in national defense education, improve national defense literacy, and play an exemplary role in national defense education for all.

Forty-sixth people’s governments at all levels should incorporate national defense education into the national economic and social development plan to ensure the funds needed for national defense education.

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Article 47 When People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests are threatened, the state shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, carry out national general mobilization or partial mobilization.

Article 48 The State shall incorporate the preparations for national defense mobilization into the overall national development plan and plan, improve the national defense mobilization system, enhance the national defense mobilization potential and enhance the national defense mobilization capability.

Article 49 The State establishes a strategic material reserve system. Strategic material reserves should be of moderate scale, safe storage, convenient call and regular replacement to ensure wartime needs.

Article 50 Relevant departments of the national defense mobilization leading bodies, central state organs and the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs shall organize the preparation and implementation of national defense mobilization in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other organizations and citizens must complete preparations for national defense mobilization in accordance with the law; After the mobilization order is issued by the state, the required national defense mobilization task must be completed.

Article 51 The state may, according to the needs of national defense mobilization, expropriate and requisition the equipment, facilities, means of transportation, places and other property of organizations and individuals according to law.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, give fair and reasonable compensation for the direct economic losses caused by the expropriation and requisition.

Article 52 The state declares a state of war in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and adopts various measures to concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to lead all citizens to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Article 53 It is the glorious duty of People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens to perform military service and join militia organizations in accordance with the law.

Military service organs at all levels and people’s armed institutions at the grass-roots level shall handle military service according to law, complete conscription tasks according to the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), and ensure the quality of soldiers. Relevant state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall complete the militia and reserve work in accordance with the law and assist in the task of conscription.

Article 54 Enterprises, institutions and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks or accepting military procurement shall provide weapons and equipment or materials, projects and services that meet quality standards as required.

Enterprises, institutions and individuals shall, in accordance with state regulations, implement national defense requirements in construction projects closely related to national defense and safeguard the needs of national defense construction and military operations according to law. The management and operation units of transportation facilities such as stations, ports, airports and roads shall provide priority services for the passage of military personnel, military vehicles and ships, and give preferential treatment in accordance with regulations.

Article 55 Citizens shall receive national defense education.

Citizens and organizations shall protect national defense facilities and shall not destroy or endanger them.

Citizens and organizations shall abide by the confidentiality provisions, and shall not disclose state secrets in national defense, and shall not illegally hold secret documents, materials and other secret articles in national defense.

Article 56 Citizens and organizations shall support national defense construction and provide convenience or other assistance for military training, combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations of the armed forces.

The state encourages and supports qualified citizens and enterprises to invest in national defense, protects the legitimate rights and interests of investors and gives preferential policies according to law.

Article 57 Citizens and organizations have the right to make suggestions on national defense construction and to stop or report acts endangering national defense interests.

Article 58 Militia, reservists and other citizens shall perform their duties and obligations when they participate in military training according to law and undertake tasks such as combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations. The state and society ensure that they enjoy corresponding treatment, and give them preferential treatment in accordance with relevant regulations.

Citizens and organizations that suffer direct economic losses due to national defense construction and military activities may receive compensation in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Fifty-ninth soldiers must be loyal to the motherland, loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC), perform their duties, fight bravely, not afraid of sacrifice, and defend the security, honor and interests of the motherland.

Article 60 Soldiers must abide by the Constitution and laws in an exemplary manner, observe military regulations, execute orders and strictly observe discipline.

Article 61 Soldiers should carry forward the fine traditions of the people’s army, love and protect the people, take an active part in socialist modernization and complete tasks such as emergency rescue and disaster relief.

Article 62 Soldiers should be respected by the whole society.

The state establishes a military meritorious honor recognition system.

The state takes effective measures to protect the honor and personal dignity of military personnel, and provides special protection for the marriage of military personnel in accordance with the law.

The behavior of military personnel performing their duties according to law is protected by law.

Article 63 The state and society give preferential treatment to servicemen.

The state establishes a military treatment guarantee system that is compatible with military occupation and coordinated with the development of national economy.

Article 64 The state establishes a security system for retired military personnel, properly arranges retired military personnel and safeguards their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 65 The state and society give preferential treatment to disabled soldiers and give special protection to disabled soldiers’s life and medical care according to law.

After disabled soldiers, who was disabled or sick due to war or duty, retired from active service, the people’s governments at or above the county level shall promptly receive resettlement and ensure that his life is not lower than the local average living standard.

Article 66 The state and society give preferential treatment to families of servicemen, and give preferential treatment to families of martyrs and families of servicemen who died in the line of duty.

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Article 67 People’s Republic of China (PRC) adheres to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, maintains the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, adheres to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, promotes the building of a community of human destiny, independently handles foreign military relations, and conducts military exchanges and cooperation.

Article 68 People’s Republic of China (PRC) follows the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, uses its armed forces in accordance with relevant national laws to protect the safety of citizens, organizations, institutions and facilities in China overseas, participates in United Nations peacekeeping, international rescue, maritime escort, joint training, combating terrorism and other activities, fulfills its international security obligations and safeguards the country’s overseas interests.

Article 69 People’s Republic of China (PRC) supports the military-related activities carried out by the international community that are conducive to maintaining world and regional peace, security and stability, supports the efforts made by the international community for the fair and reasonable settlement of international disputes and international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, participates in multilateral dialogue and negotiations in the security field, and promotes the formulation of universally accepted, fair and reasonable international rules.

Article 70 In its foreign military relations, People’s Republic of China (PRC) abides by relevant treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to with foreign countries and international organizations.

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Article 71 The term "serviceman" as mentioned in this Law refers to officers, non-commissioned officers, conscripts and other personnel serving in the China People’s Liberation Army.

The provisions of this Law concerning soldiers shall apply to the People’s Armed Police.

Article 72 The defense of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region shall be stipulated by the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region and relevant laws.

Article 73 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2021.

Disclaimer: This article was originally published in the 8th issue of Party History Expo in 2016, and was published by communist party News Network of China authorized by Party History Expo magazine. Please do not reprint.

one

In October 1950, Qamdo was liberated. In February 1951, the local government of Xizang sent Ngapoi Ngawangjigme to Beijing for peace talks, and signed the Agreement between the Central People’s Government and the local government of Xizang on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang (the "Seventeen-Article Agreement") on May 23rd.

The Party Committee of the 18th Army, headed by the commander Zhang Guohua and the political commissar Tan Guansan, followed the instructions of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Southwest Military Region, and formed an advance detachment of more than 300 Tibetan and Han comrades, with Wang Qimei, deputy political commissar of the 18th Army, as commander and political commissar, Chen Jingbo as chief of staff, Gu Caoping as deputy chief of staff and Lin Liang as director of the political department. Ngapoi Ngawangjigme, chief representative of Xizang local government, and his wife Ngapoi Caidan Zhuoga are traveling with the advance detachment of Tibet. The tasks of the advance detachment in Tibet are: to take the lead and create conditions for the main force to enter Xizang; Publicize the party’s ethnic and religious policies in an exemplary manner, and publicize and implement the "17-Article Agreement" in an exemplary manner. The advance detachment of Tibet started from Qamdo on July 25, 1951 and arrived in Lhasa on September 9, which lasted more than 40 days and traveled more than 2,000 kilometers. The author also joined the advance detachment of Tibet with her husband Wang Qimei.

Before departure, all the officers and men of the advance detachment in Tibet carefully studied the "17-Article Agreement", the relevant instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau and the political mobilization order for marching into Xizang jointly issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau, Southwest Military Region and the Second Field Army Command. The mobilization order called for: "All commanders and combatants who marched into the army and all Communist party member should carry forward their infinite loyalty to the revolutionary cause, deeply understand the great political significance of marching into Xizang, make full preparations ideologically, organizationally and at work, carry forward the glorious tradition of the people’s army’s heroic and tenacious struggle, carry forward the spirit of class friendship of unity and mutual assistance, and resolutely complete the task of marching into Xizang."

two

From Qamdo to Lhasa, we have to cross the Hengduan Mountains, the Lancang River, the Nujiang River and other rivers. The roads we pass through are rugged, sparsely populated, ice and snow, and the air is thin. At that time, there was no detailed map of Xizang, and the road conditions were not clear, so the advance team in Tibet could only explore and move forward.

Here, only the fragments of the advance detachment entering Tibet passing through the "poor eight stops" are described:

From Changdu to Lhasa, Xizang local government has set up 24 post stations along the way. The masses call it "eight stops poor, eight stops rich, and eight stops neither poor nor rich". On August 13, 1951, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Charansondo, arrived in Ojug, rested for two days, and then went on to enter the "poor eight stations". Because the conditions of the "poor eight stations" are extremely difficult, and there is a lack of food and grass, the command of the advance detachment into Tibet divides the troops into three echelons. About 55 kilometers from Arendo to Rendo, it is full of virgin forests and deep mountain canyons, and it has to go through a dangerous plank road. There are cliffs on one side, cliffs more than 20 feet deep on the other, and rushing rapids below. The road is only one or two feet wide. In many places, only a few pieces of wood are placed on the cliffs in mid-air, and each section is one or two feet long. Some plank roads are in disrepair, and the wood has rotted or loosened. There are also some slopes that are steep and steep, and the people in front of the troops are like walking on the heads of the people behind them. They walk and stand for a while and move very slowly.

On August 19th, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Renduo and completely entered the area without firewood. At the foot of Nugongla Mountain, there is a place called Duodong. It is said that there used to be two or three families. For some reason, the houses were burned down and the residents moved into the deep mountains. Before the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, the local people heard that the People’s Liberation Army had implemented the "17-Article Agreement" and had to pass through here to March into Lhasa, and they all came back automatically. They and several families in nearby villages took the initiative to form a transport team, cut firewood from the mountains more than 70 miles away, and transported it to the roadside with yaks to support the PLA. When the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, it found firewood supported by the masses in the ruins, and everyone was deeply moved by the enthusiastic support of the Tibetan people.

On the 20th, the advance detachment of Tibet crossed Nugongla Mountain. This is a veritable rocky mountain, 5 kilometers up and 5 kilometers down, all of which are stone roads. Only the gurgling sound of running water in the mountains seems to be boiling, but there is no running water. People must be very careful when walking on the rugged rocky road. When the troops were approaching the top of the mountain, a soldier in his twenties suddenly fainted. He was short of breath, trembling all over, and his face was livid, while his gun, backpack and dry food bag were still on his back. When Comrade Wang Qimei learned about it, he immediately followed the cavalry to the scene of the accident, asked the guards to take down the soldier’s things as soon as possible, untied his neckline, helped him onto his horse, and sent him down the mountain.

After going down the mountain, there is still a long way to go from the campsite. Because there was no firewood in the campsite, everyone took a bundle of firewood supported by the masses when they passed the herdsmen’s tent in the Zhuka pasture, and then headed for the campsite. The climate on the plateau is really like a naughty child, moody. After a while, the scorching sun was on the head, and the sun made people dizzy; After a while, the rainstorm poured down, drenching people like a drowned rat. The troops were marching, and suddenly a strong wind came with dark clouds, and a hail hit everyone’s heads and bodies violently. People can’t walk, so they have to stand on the road, cover their heads with backpacks and firewood, and accept the relentless hail attack. About half an hour later, the hail passed and we continued to March. The troops camped in a meadow 2.5 kilometers west of Mozhuka. Comrades in each class perform their duties according to the specific division of labor before departure. Some set up tents, some cook in pots, and some release their horses in an orderly way. Leading comrades called the relevant personnel of the department, the government and the post-March to report the day’s March, sum up experience, and study and arrange the tasks for the next day. Unexpectedly, before the rice was cooked, the hail suddenly came again, and the wind roared, blowing the tent like a boat on a rough wave, swaying. If the iron piles were not firmly laid and the ropes were strong, the tent might be blown away. Hail rattled the grass, tents and iron pots, as if playing a large symphony. That night, the wind blew out the lights in the tent, and the hail put out the fire under the cooker. A pot of uncooked rice was soaked in hail and rain. A thick layer of hail on the ground filled up the drainage ditch dug around the tent. After a day of marching,极为疲劳和饥饿，但因为冰雹、狂风捣乱，结果连热饭也没吃成，仅吃了几口糌粑，就摸黑睡觉了。

三

进藏先遣支队经过艰难的行程，于1951年9月5日到达拉萨东郊的达孜。其时，张经武同志作为中央人民政府和毛主席的代表，绕道印度，已先于我们到达拉萨。张代表派乐于泓和李天柱同志前来看望进藏先遣支队。

9月9日，进藏先遣支队进入拉萨并举行了隆重的入城仪式。全体指战员身着草绿色呢子军服，排成长队，几名年轻的战士抬着毛主席、朱总司令的画像走在队伍前列，继而是军乐队和腰鼓队。拉萨主要街道上红旗飘扬，军乐齐鸣，进藏先遣支队的指战员们个个精神焕发，队列整齐，气势雄壮。西藏地方政府搭起彩色帐篷，并派西藏地方政府和谈代表成员凯墨·索南旺堆、柳霞·土登塔巴率文武官员、僧俗各界代表前来欢迎。僧俗藏胞身穿节日盛装，倾城而出，古城拉萨呈现出一片欢乐景象。进藏先遣支队领导人和噶厦的主要官员互献哈达。王其梅等先遣支队领导按照西藏的民族风俗，到各大寺庙发放布施，拜会达赖喇嘛和寺庙僧侣、政府官员等各界知名人士。西藏上层爱国人士也行回拜和宴请。

On October 26th, 1951, the commander of Zhang Guohua and the political commissar of Tan Guansan led the main force of the 18th Army to Lhasa, which opened a new chapter in Tibetan history.

(Wang Xianmei was born in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province in 1924. He joined the revolution in March 1938 and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the same year. He used to be the director of the office of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of the Ministry of Light Industry. Died in 2009)

Channel selection

Understanding the Long March from Mao Zedong’s Poems

Long serial "Long March"

Reviewing the Long March Story —— Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Red Army’s Long March Victory

Xi Zhongxun’s Past Events Before the Founding of New China

The Mystery of "Missing" on the Long March in Chen Yun

Mao Zedong’s trip to the Yellow River

General and Wizards-Legend of Xu Xiangqian

　　Adhere to the connotative, intensive and green high-quality development path, so that the achievements of urban construction can be shared by the people, and the people’s sense of well-being, happiness and security can be enriched, guaranteed and sustainable.

　　Cities are people’s cities, and people’s cities are people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should better promote people-centered urbanization, make cities healthier, safer and more livable, and become a space for people to live in high quality." To thoroughly implement this important requirement, cities need to focus on enhancing innovation capability, upgrading industrial strength, shaping city brands, supplying public goods, optimizing development environment, etc., and make every effort to enhance governance capacity and development momentum, promote balanced development and create a happier and better life for the people. In recent years, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province has built a multi-center, networked, group-like and ecological new-type mega-city planning layout around Hangzhou City, striving to create a good environment that is suitable for business, living, music and travel, and constantly enhancing people’s sense of gain.

　　Focus on doing innovative articles. Science and technology can empower development, and innovation will win the future. Only innovation can strengthen itself, and only innovation can compete first. Yuhang clarified the work orientation of "innovation wins" and strived to shape new advantages of innovation-driven development. Adhere to the development and growth of strategic emerging industries, focus on building a chain of scientific and technological enterprises, accelerate the construction of a scientific and technological innovation system, "link" the scientific and technological talent resources in the Yangtze River Delta, the whole country and even the whole world, guide leading enterprises in the industry to jointly build industrial innovation consortia with key laboratories, research institutes in universities and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry, improve the mechanism of scientific and technological services and achievements transformation, and promote the deep integration of innovation chain and the industrial chain; We will focus on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, implement the campaign of "changing cages for birds" in the manufacturing industry, and accelerate the conversion of old and new kinetic energy.

　　Continue the historical context of the city. Culture is the soul of a city. Urban historical and cultural remains are the accumulation of predecessors’ wisdom and an important symbol of urban connotation, quality and characteristics. Yuhang insists on development in protection and protection in development. On the one hand, strengthen the protection of red sites and revolutionary cultural relics, carry forward revolutionary culture and inherit red genes; On the other hand, we attach great importance to the protection of history and culture, launch cultural brands such as Canal, Jingshan, Tiaoxi and Song Yun, and strive to enhance the popularity and influence of Liangzhu ancient city site. At the same time, vigorously develop the cultural industry, promote the integration of cultural tourism, and do a good job of connecting the Liangzhu Cultural and Art Corridor with the Dajingshan Ecological Zone, so as to better transform cultural tourism resources into development resources and make the people’s spiritual and cultural life more colorful.

　　Strengthen ecological environment management. The construction of ecological civilization can obviously enhance the people’s sense of gain, and the people have the deepest experience. Yuhang anchored the construction goal of Hangzhou’s "beautiful window", polished the ecological background, continued to implement the "three areas and three lines", adhered to the integration of multiple regulations, coordinated the management of grass and sand systems in landscape forests, fields and lakes, promoted carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in an orderly manner, implemented the environmental compensation mechanism in Dajingshan Ecological Zone, and broadened the transformation channel from green mountains to Jinshan Yinshan. We will further promote water control, gas control, soil control, waste control and plastic control, and increase infrastructure construction such as flood control and drainage, sewage and domestic garbage disposal. Yuhang also creatively carried out the research on the synergistic enterprise index of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and launched the "Yuhang Carbon Eye" to create low-carbon application scenarios such as global energy custody.

　　Insist on doing a good job in people’s livelihood. The more subtle it is, the more it highlights the temperature of serving the people, and the more it needs to come up with practical measures. Yuhang continues to promote the construction of rail transit, urban expressways, urban trunk roads and other traffic network, build the hub of high-speed railway west station, create a new gateway for Hangzhou traffic, and provide more convenient travel services for the masses. Accelerate the short board of people’s livelihood, explore the overall solution of "one old and one small" in combination with the construction of "15-minute public service circle", promote the construction of home care service centers, implement the reform of "expanding the middle" and "lowering the middle", and steadily improve the level of social security. In addition, Yuhang has also carried out special actions, such as removing dangers and security for 100 days, to create a safe and stable social environment and enhance people’s sense of security.

　　Doing things is important, actions speak louder than words, and striving for success. Standing at a new historical starting point, Yuhang will be based on reality, adhere to the connotative, intensive and green high-quality development path, make the achievements of urban construction shared by the people, and make the people’s sense of well-being, happiness and security more substantial, more secure and more sustainable.

　　(The author is member of the Standing Committee of Hangzhou Municipal Committee of Zhejiang Province and secretary of Yuhang District Committee)

Kirill Zayetsev

Special feature of 1905 film network Like the prototype story that the Soviet basketball team staged a Jedi counterattack and overtook the American team in the last three seconds, the Russian sports film, which was not optimistic, also made a beautiful turnaround in the China mainland film market.

On the day of its premiere on June 13th, "Dead Munich" ranked only a dismal 4.9%, far below 22.6%, and the box office was not satisfactory, ranking only seventh. With the passage of time, the film’s gold-absorbing ability rose instead of falling, relying on word-of-mouth bonus. On the sixth day of release, it successfully overtook and was promoted to the fourth place at the box office in a single day, and the film arrangement also rose day by day. Up to now, "Dead Munich" has captured 65 million box office in China market.

Many famous people in the literary and sports circles, including Jason Wu, Han Han, Zhang Yibai, Michelle Ye, Zhang Bin, Liu Jianhong, Yin Hong, Shi Hang, Zheng Haixia, Xing Aowei, etc., have given this film high praise and greatly appreciated the spirit of struggle embodied in the film.　

The road of counterattack of Munich is still going on, and the "scoring king" of the Soviet basketball team — — Sergei belov’s actor kirill Zayetsev also parachuted into China and recently accepted an exclusive interview with 1905 Film Network.

　 　 　 　Dye your hair and grow your beard+carry 30 kg sandbags with your life.

　 　 　 　In order to truly restore Sergei kirill’s exquisiteness of abandoning "small fresh meat"

Beijing is the second stop of kirill’s trip, which is also his first time in China.

Although his trip to China is very tight, he had a close interaction with China audience in Shanghai before, and then he arrived in Beijing the next day, and then he went to Tianjin non-stop. But in him, you can’t see the fatigue of traveling by boat at all, but he is full of energy. Before the interview, he had been humming Russian songs.

When I first met kirill, Xiao Dianjun couldn’t connect him with the calm and cold Sergei in Munich.

"Sergei" in reality

But the most difficult thing is the one-year physical training. "Our shooting is very hard and takes a long time. During the shooting, I have to carry out ultra-high-intensity physical training, which is very difficult for me."

Xiao Dianjun was also impressed by Sergei’s high-intensity training in the movie: when the coach came to persuade Sergei to rest, he found that he couldn’t lift the sandbag of Sergei’s weight-bearing training at all.

How much does that sandbag weigh? Kirill revealed, "At the beginning of filming, the staff restored the props according to the real history, and the sandbags weighed 60 Jin. Although I am training every day, it is too heavy for me and will affect the normal shooting work! " Having said that, kirill smiled shyly. "So in the end, the sandbag I used was 30 kg, and the weight was reduced by half."

In addition to lifelike muscles, kirill also strives to restore the Russian legendary player in appearance. First, kirill dyed a beautiful blonde hair black, and especially "grew" a thick beard.

Set photo of "Munich"

Regarding Xiao Dianjun’s question that Sergei didn’t have a beard when the Soviet basketball team won the Olympic champion in Munich, kirill explained: "Sergei really didn’t have a beard in his early years, but then he grew a beard, and the beard became his personal iconic image. In the movie, keeping a beard for Sergei is mainly to increase the artistic effect of the movie. "

Sergei data map

While truly restoring the game process, add a beard to Sergei, and make the coach and players more human by adding emotional lines … … Increasing the artistic effect on the basis of reality is also the core idea of this adaptation of Munich.

"Double-faced" actor in drama and film

　 　 　 　Kirill is gentle and wants to talk about a foreign love with China actors in the image.

Kirill Zayetsev starred in Munich for the first time. Before that, he played an unknown Soviet lieutenant in a Latvian film.

Kirill played a Soviet officer in Melanie Chronicle.

Compared with the big screen, kirill is more familiar with the stage of drama. Earlier, he had five years’ experience as a dramatic actor.

"Of course, these are two very different things. On the stage of drama, we always face the real audience. As a dramatic actor, you can get the real feedback from the audience immediately, but in the filming, we just face the camera. Relatively speaking, actors can concentrate more on their performances."

Although kirill admires Sergei’s "sense of responsibility in times of crisis", he is also trying to "draw a clear line" with Sergei — — He defines himself as an actor.

When Xiao Dianjun asked him, "Is he the best basketball player among Russian actors now?" kirill shook his head modestly, "You can’t say that, you can’t say that! I did receive a long time of basketball training before shooting Munich, but now I play less. First of all, I am an actor, and I have played the role of a basketball player. What I need to do most is to finish my job as an actor."

Kirill convincingly completed the interpretation of Sergey. For himself, there are more possibilities in the future.

His next work is a TV series, in which kirill plays an American policeman who comes to Russia from new york.

He said that he also hopes to have the opportunity to participate in China’s films. "I want to try interesting roles and reflect the noble human role in times of crisis."

"I also want to try to talk about a relationship in a China movie."

Perhaps it was the surprised expression on Xiao Dianjun’s face. kirill said happily, "Why Not? (Why not? ）”

It is the basic principle of Marxism that the world moves and changes forever. In the world, the only constant is change, and only change can lead to a way out. Change is an important means for mankind to promote economic and social development. Looking back on the course since the reform and opening up, every major change has injected new vitality into the development of the party and the country and added a strong impetus to the cause. The cause of the party and the people is to move forward in deepening reforms.

The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that in 2018, we should "vigorously promote reform and opening up, innovate and improve macro-control, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change". 2018 is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. In this special year of reform and opening up, the central government put forward "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation, which are important contents of comprehensively deepening reform in the economic field and provide an important starting point for economic work in the key period of transforming development mode, optimizing economic structure and transforming growth momentum.

Quality change focuses on the change of development quality in all fields and links of the national economy. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The change of development quality is not only the change of product and service quality, but also the all-round quality improvement from concept, goal and system to work details in specific fields. Especially in the manufacturing industry, we should pay attention to improving the quality of the whole manufacturing industry, developing advanced manufacturing, increasing effective and high-end supply, optimizing the quality of the supply system, promoting the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.

Efficiency change focuses on the change of development efficiency in response to market competition. Improving total factor productivity is the key to efficiency change. Efforts must be made to remove all kinds of institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the improvement of efficiency, so that the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, stimulate the vitality of enterprises, improve the relationship between supply and demand, and improve development efficiency. Focus on "breaking", "establishing" and "lowering", vigorously break the ineffective supply, promote the resolution of excess capacity, vigorously reduce the cost of the real economy, reduce institutional transaction costs, continue to clean up the fees charged by enterprises, and increase the investigation and rectification of arbitrary charges. Especially in electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railway and other industries, it is necessary to deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs.

Dynamic change focuses on the change of the development momentum of building a modern economic system. In the process of building a modern economic system, faced with the transformation of old and new kinetic energy of development, how to stimulate the vitality of various market players is an important issue. We should strengthen scientific and technological innovation, promote innovation incentives, form an environment conducive to innovation, vigorously cultivate new kinetic energy, promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivate a number of vanguard enterprises with innovative capabilities, and actively promote the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies. We should implement the policy of protecting property rights and identify and correct property rights disputes that have been strongly reflected by the society according to law. Fully implement and constantly improve the negative list system of market access, and get rid of discriminatory restrictions and various hidden obstacles.

Change is not unprincipled change, nor is it irregular change. Change and invariance are dialectical unity. Quality change, efficiency change and power change must comply with the correct principle requirements, that is, we must fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, take the economic thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the supreme leader in the new era as the guide, strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and closely follow the major contradictions and changes in our society. In this way, the "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation can be changed more forcefully and orderly, and China’s economy can continuously make new progress in achieving high-quality development.

It is the basic principle of Marxism that the world moves and changes forever. In the world, the only constant is change, and only change can lead to a way out. Change is an important means for mankind to promote economic and social development. Looking back on the course since the reform and opening up, every major change has injected new vitality into the development of the party and the country and added a strong impetus to the cause. The cause of the party and the people is to move forward in deepening reforms.

The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that in 2018, we should "vigorously promote reform and opening up, innovate and improve macro-control, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change". 2018 is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. In this special year of reform and opening up, the central government put forward "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation, which are important contents of comprehensively deepening reform in the economic field and provide an important starting point for economic work in the key period of transforming development mode, optimizing economic structure and transforming growth momentum.

Quality change focuses on the change of development quality in all fields and links of the national economy. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The change of development quality is not only the change of product and service quality, but also the all-round quality improvement from concept, goal and system to work details in specific fields. Especially in the manufacturing industry, we should pay attention to improving the quality of the whole manufacturing industry, developing advanced manufacturing, increasing effective and high-end supply, optimizing the quality of the supply system, promoting the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.

Efficiency change focuses on the change of development efficiency in response to market competition. Improving total factor productivity is the key to efficiency change. Efforts must be made to remove all kinds of institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the improvement of efficiency, so that the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, stimulate the vitality of enterprises, improve the relationship between supply and demand, and improve development efficiency. Focus on "breaking", "establishing" and "lowering", vigorously break the ineffective supply, promote the resolution of excess capacity, vigorously reduce the cost of the real economy, reduce institutional transaction costs, continue to clean up the fees charged by enterprises, and increase the investigation and rectification of arbitrary charges. Especially in electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railway and other industries, it is necessary to deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs.

Dynamic change focuses on the change of the development momentum of building a modern economic system. In the process of building a modern economic system, faced with the transformation of old and new kinetic energy of development, how to stimulate the vitality of various market players is an important issue. We should strengthen scientific and technological innovation, promote innovation incentives, form an environment conducive to innovation, vigorously cultivate new kinetic energy, promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivate a number of vanguard enterprises with innovative capabilities, and actively promote the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies. We should implement the policy of protecting property rights and identify and correct property rights disputes that have been strongly reflected by the society according to law. Fully implement and constantly improve the negative list system of market access, and get rid of discriminatory restrictions and various hidden obstacles.

Change is not unprincipled change, nor is it irregular change. Change and invariance are dialectical unity. Quality change, efficiency change and power change must comply with the correct principle requirements, that is, we must fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, take the economic thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the supreme leader in the new era as the guide, strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and closely follow the major contradictions and changes in our society. In this way, the "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation can be changed more forcefully and orderly, and China’s economy can continuously make new progress in achieving high-quality development.

　　The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and the handling of major public emergencies, and strengthen the construction of national and regional emergency forces.

　　China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world, with many kinds of disasters, wide geographical distribution, high frequency and heavy losses, which is a basic national condition.

　　Timely and accurate statistical reporting of disasters is a prerequisite for efficient and orderly rescue and relief work. In China, disaster information officers at all levels are responsible for disaster statistics reporting. How has this team developed in recent years? What kind of role does it play? How to continue to improve professional ability? The reporter interviewed the heads of relevant departments of the Emergency Management Department and relevant grassroots workers.

　　 Team system — —

　　 　Extend the grassroots to cover the whole country.

　　Last June, during the flood season, Liao Zhiteng, a disaster information officer in Longji Village, Longji Town, Longsheng Autonomous County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, visited the village several times a day. On the night of June 21st, heavy rainfall caused many signs of landslide and road collapse. After Liao Zhiteng found it, he immediately reported to the person in charge of disaster monitoring in Longji Town, and woke up the villagers with the big horn in the village, quickly organized evacuation and safely transferred more than 450 people within 2 hours.

　　Liao Zhiteng is one of more than 16,000 disaster information officers in Guangxi, and also the epitome of more than 1 million disaster information officers in China.

　　Lai Hongzhou, deputy director of the Disaster Relief and Material Support Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced that at present, China has built a five-level disaster information officer system covering the whole country, with at least one disaster information officer in each village (community), and many people are on duty in disaster-prone areas.

　　Building a team of disaster information officers aims to build a nationwide disaster information statistical reporting network. Every disaster information officer is the "nerve terminal" of this network, which provides important information support for emergency rescue and disaster relief decisions of various localities and departments, and minimizes the loss of people’s lives and property.

　　"In 2022, disaster information officers at all levels in China submitted a total of 493,000 pieces of disaster and danger information, especially from late May to late June in the South ‘ Dragon boat water ’ During the period, as well as the heavy rainfall in the northern region and the flood control and disaster relief work in the Liaohe River Basin, disaster information officers in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shanxi and other places timely transmitted early warning information such as heavy rain, flash floods and geological disasters, and decisively handled sudden dangerous disasters in advance, and transferred and resettled the affected people in the first time, effectively avoiding casualties and reducing property losses. " Come to Hongzhou to say.

　　It is understood that more than 90% of grassroots disaster information officers are township (street) cadres and members of the village (community) committees; There are also some social forces absorbed by the government through purchasing services and setting up public welfare posts, including volunteers, grassroots people and safety management personnel of enterprises and institutions.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of Guangxi Geological Environment Monitoring Station, to become a disaster information officer, you need to be able to quickly master simple monitoring methods of geological disasters such as pile burying method, nail burying method and patch method, and at the same time live in the local area for a long time, be familiar with the surrounding environment and have a strong sense of responsibility.

　　 Working mechanism — — 　 　

　　 　Program specification is smooth and efficient

　　In June last year, Qijiang District of Chongqing suffered from heavy rainfall, the water levels of many rivers rose, and flash floods occurred in local rivers. In the early morning of June 1, Zhou Kaili, a staff member and disaster information officer of the Emergency Office of Yongxin Town People’s Government, took action immediately after receiving a number of warning messages of lightning, rainstorm and strong wind. While calling the relevant village-level disaster information officer to collect disaster investigation information, she sent and received prompt messages in the work group. Early that morning, Zhou Kaili reported the initial data of the disaster.

　　The disaster information officer shall report the disaster in strict accordance with the procedures of initial report, continuation report and verification report. "2 hours of initial disaster report, 24 hours of disaster report, 5 days of disaster report, major disaster report immediately." Zhou Kaili will learn the requirements by heart.

　　It is also the task of the disaster information officer to assist in the emergency relocation and resettlement of the affected people and emergency life assistance. Zhou Kaili took out a ledger of relief materials, which recorded the warehousing and warehousing of relief materials in detail. Zhou Kaili carried this ledger with her and distributed relief materials with village cadres to ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people.

　　Disaster information reporting requirements are true and accurate. "The highway in Muguacun is damaged, please check the loss data." As a town-level disaster information officer, Zhou Kaili checked the disaster losses one by one with the village-level disaster information officer and entered the information into the national natural disaster management system one by one.

　　In recent years, Chongqing has strengthened the construction of disaster information staff. At present, there are 21,000 disaster information staff, at least two full-time disaster information staff in all districts and counties, at least one full-time and one part-time backbone disaster information staff in towns (streets) and at least two part-time disaster information staff in villages (communities).

　　Only when disaster information officers at all levels perform their duties can disaster information be submitted more smoothly and efficiently. According to reports, from the perspective of working procedures, disaster information officers should first complete the disaster statistics and submit them in time, and count the disasters in the region as soon as possible after the disaster, and report them to the next level for review and summary; Second, we must do a good job in the management of disaster accounts, and timely fill in detailed information such as the time, place, type of disaster, scope of influence, disaster losses, etc., especially to build a ledger of missing people who died due to the disaster and a ledger of houses damaged due to the disaster; Third, it is necessary to carry out disaster verification, assessment and consultation. After the disaster is stable, disaster information officers at the provincial, municipal and county levels need to hold disaster consultation in time, and in case of major disasters, they should also organize disaster loss verification and assessment to ensure objective and accurate disaster data.

　　 Capacity building — —

　　 　Long-term improvement of graded training

　　In addition to reporting disaster statistics, disaster information officers should also be familiar with relevant laws and regulations, take into account the transmission of early warning information, the investigation of hidden dangers of disasters, the submission of dangerous information, etc., and assist in the emergency transfer and resettlement of the affected people and emergency life assistance. They are the "first responders" of grassroots disaster prevention, mitigation and relief. "There are a large number of disaster information officers at the grassroots level, and the flow is fast. The training convergence work must be in place to really play its role." Cao Zhongsheng, deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Chenzhou Emergency Management Bureau, Hunan Province, said.

　　Since 2019, the ministerial level of the Emergency Management Department has trained more than 100,000 teachers of national disaster information officers every year through the combination of on-site lectures and video connection, plus extended training at local levels, basically achieving full coverage of disaster information officer training at all levels.

　　Emergency management departments at all levels focus on different levels of disaster information personnel training. Focus on training disaster management policies, verification and evaluation, consultation and approval for provincial and municipal disaster information officers; Focus on training disaster information officers at county and township levels in disaster statistics and reporting, loss calculation, ledger management and practical operation of disaster reporting system; For village-level and community-level disaster information officers, do a good job in the investigation report of disasters and dangers.

　　There are a large number of disaster information officers at the grass-roots level. If all of them are trained in a centralized way, it will take a long time and a large number of people and be difficult. How to solve such a problem?

　　Villi, head of the Comprehensive Disaster Reduction and Plan Management Unit of the Emergency Management Bureau of Suxian District, Chenzhou City, said that there are more than 300 disaster information officers in towns (streets) and villages (communities) in Suxian District. To this end, in April 2022, before the main flood season came, Suxian District sent the backbone of teachers to towns (streets) to train disaster information officers in villages (communities) one by one, and then the corresponding measures were promoted throughout Chenzhou. Since the beginning of this year, Beihu District, Suxian District and Guiyang County of Chenzhou City have completed the training of disaster information officers at the township (street) and village (community) levels.

　　(Reporter Qiu Chaoyu, Virginia Lieu, Zheng Yi, Wang Xinyue, Shen Zhilin)

　　Coordination in this period: Zhang Jiaying.

Ada’s high fork is cheating
　

　　Ada, a popular anchor known as "the sexiest female anchor", has become the favorite of many fashion magazines because of her graceful figure and unique personality. A few days ago, Ada shot a set of photos of western customs for a fashion magazine. Ada, riding on a saddle with a whip in his hand, changed his usual pure and lovely image, with a cold expression and rich body language, and perfectly interpreted a sexy and undercurrent visual blockbuster.

　　Ada, who is dignified, humorous or cute in front of the stage, once under the camera lens and spotlight, will have a perfect turn of surprise performance. Recently, Ada shot the latest blockbusters for Esquire and GQ Wisdom respectively, showing the sexy temptation of attractive women, which is exciting.

　　Qi Liu Hai, baby face and a pair of flashing electric eyes, this is Ada. She is not only a sweet and lovely LOLI girl, but also a sexy girl with a proud figure and bold position. She is an enchanting and charming alternative "Sun Shangxiang" coming out of the Chinese style, and she is also a master dancer who has gone through five customs and killed six generals. On the stage, she is young, fashionable and dazzling. In private, she dresses casually and likes to shop and eat roadside stalls. Sometimes whimsical and seemingly heartless crazy girl, in fact, she is strong-willed and hard-working, and is the pillar of the whole family. Ada, known as the anchor of China’s new generation of popular beauties, is such an elusive post-80s wizard.

More wonderful photos on the next page

△ Hundreds of thousands of Jiujiang citizens who stayed up all night went out before dawn, waiting on both sides of the street, tearfully bidding farewell to their soldiers who struggled with Hong Mo for more than 50 days!

△ The citizens rushed to throw gifts at the car.

△ The child holding the sign is called Zhao Boxi, one of the children rescued by the soldiers when Jiang Xinzhou burst its bank late at night on August 5.

△ "Brother Bing, I really can’t bear to let you go!" A young woman got up the courage to rush nearby and threw a cigarette into the car.

Wave. Shake hands. The tearful soldiers sang "Our Soldiers" and "Say the Truth" over and over again.

△ When I arrived at Jiujiang Transportation Building, Hu Minli, a 30-year-old employee, ran back to the factory in a hurry, climbed to the heights with the national flag and danced wildly.

　　

　

△8: 45, there are still 5 minutes before the train starts. Liu Heping, a 54-year-old worker of Jiujiang Cement Factory, and more than 50 women suddenly squeezed out of the boiling crowd and blew the flute. People sang "Farewell" and "Beijing has a golden sun" loudly.

Delta figure in the middle of this one is the commander in chief general Dong Wanrui. He said: "I am proud to have soldiers who are so loved by the people!" "

98 flood control-six months later …

△ After half a year of fighting the flood, the people who fled in the photo came back.

△ On New Year’s Day, employees of China Railway Bridge Bureau on the construction site of Jiujiang Bridge. They fought continuously to get back the construction period delayed by the 98 flood.

△ On the New Year’s Day, in the new home for the New Year, setting off firecrackers is to relax.

△ I can finally be happy once.

△ A glass of wine full of ups and downs.

△ The new house is built on the basis of disaster relief.

△ His couplet: Unforgettable bumpy road in 1998, and create brilliant days in the future. Horizontal batch is "from scratch".

△ The child in the middle of the picture is called Cai Baoyin, and his parents are on both sides. He is the child who got food for the first time in the flood control record of 1998 (I).

△ This girl (right) is the child in the 98 flood control wall chart behind.

Jiujiang city cried …

September 15th. The soldiers are gone. Jiujiang city cried.

Hundreds of thousands of Jiujiang citizens, who stayed up all night, went out before dawn, waiting on both sides of the street, tearfully bidding farewell to their life and death, and their soldiers who fought against the flood for more than 50 days triumphed.

Jiujiang people said: In the days when the dike burst, it was the soldiers who blocked the surging flood with their chests, and it was the soldiers who exchanged their lives for our lives!

It is these soldiers who cleaned the streets of Jiujiang before leaving. I quietly transported the saved 314,500 kilograms of rice and 90,000 pieces of clothes to the levee for the victims, and squeezed out 1,629,600 yuan from my only tens of yuan allowance and low salary to the disaster area …

For fear that the troops would leave at night, the citizens spontaneously organized themselves and took turns to "be on duty" at the gate of the army camp from September 10: we can’t let the soldiers leave quietly!

At 5 o’clock this morning, the military vehicle came out. But when the car just left the door, it couldn’t move any more. Thousands of Jiujiang people rushed to throw gifts such as apples and eggs into military vehicles.

At this moment, the soldiers all raised their hands to the brim-salute!

At this moment, the soldiers and citizens’ chests are ups and downs, with tears in their eyes.

The saluting soldiers are like statues. 　

The citizens are still rushing to throw gifts at the car.

In the crowd, a teenager was holding a slogan in his hand. It was written in crooked Chinese characters: "I want to be a soldier when I grow up." His name is Zhao Boxi, and he is one of the children who were rescued by the soldiers when Jiang Xinzhou burst its banks late at night on August 5.

A group of female students from Jiujiang Teachers College have already discussed it these days. When the military vehicles passed by, they rushed out of the school gate and raised their slogan: "Brother Bing, I really can’t bear to let you go!" " A young woman in a sundress got up the courage to rush nearby and threw a cigarette into the car.

When he arrived at Jiujiang Traffic Building, Hu Minli, a 30-year-old employee, ran back to the factory in a hurry, climbed high with the national flag and danced wildly.

At the Arc de Triomphe erected by the citizens, there was a sea of people. Flowers, colorful flags, slogans, the sound of cars, songs and firecrackers all converge into one piece: "Goodbye, soldier brother!" "Long live the People’s Liberation Army!"　　

Wave. Shake hands. The tearful soldiers sang "Our Soldiers" and "Say the Truth" over and over again.

A 20-year-old young woman surnamed Yao shouted to the two soldiers in the car: "Da Li, Dajiang. Do you still know me when you come to Jiujiang in the future? "

Through the telephoto lens, the reporter saw that the tears of the two soldiers had hung on their cheeks.

At 8: 30, the first military vehicle arrived at Jiujiang West Station. Less than 5 kilometers, I walked for three and a half hours!

At 8: 45, there are five minutes before the train leaves. Liu Heping, a 54-year-old worker of Jiujiang Cement Factory, and more than 50 women suddenly squeezed out of the boiling crowd and blew the flute. People sang "Farewell" and "Beijing has a golden sun" loudly.

Lieutenant General Dong Wanrui, a group army soldier who stood by and said goodbye to the soldiers, choked: "I am proud to have soldiers who are so loved by the people." Tears ran down the general’s face.

At 8: 50, the train started. There was a cry on the platform.

(Newspaper, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, September 15th)

(September 16, 1998 was originally published in the headline of the Workers’ Daily)

△ "Jiujiang City Crys" won the second prize of the ninth China News Award.

△ Published in Workers’ Daily, August 11th, 1998, 1st edition.

△ The author’s 16 interview logs were published in the original text.

This issue was originally published in "Yiding Vision"

take a photograph | Yu Wenguo　 　edit | Wu Fan

Special feature of 1905 film network Compared with other domestic films in the same period, it should be an absolute topic blockbuster. Two international directors and a Grand Slam winner have attracted considerable attention since the first poster was released in May this year.

Shunji Iwai, Japanese Wong Kar-wai, the originator of Xiao Qingxin.

Debut is the peak, relying on a film to let countless wenqing know what is called "pure love."

Douban score screenshot

Later, with the help of and so on, a large number of fascinating literary goddesses — — Yuu Aoi, Anne Suzuki, Chara, Bae Doo Na … …

In the past few decades, the "small fresh filters" that Hong Kong and Taiwan campus youth films love to use have all copied him, been imitated and never surpassed.

Chen Kexin, the best director of Golden Horse and Golden Statue.

Across Hongkong, Mainland and Taiwan Province, he will shoot explosions (,,) and even love (,,).

Zhou Xun, don’t tell me.

The first "Grand Slam Winner" in the Chinese film industry, she won all the Golden Rooster, Golden Horse and Golden Statue at the age of 30. If she wants to say that she is the first in the entertainment circle, it is estimated that no one dares to say the second.

These immortal lineups, plus a group of supporting actors with high audience: Zifeng Zhang, Qin Hao, Hugh, Tan Zhuo … … Anyway, we have to start with 200 million, and cut 700 million or 800 million as usual.

However, as of the time of Xiao Dianjun’s press release, the total box office of Hello Zhihua was only 50 million yuan, which was not only overwhelmed by Marvel Comics’s masterpiece, but even Conan, which had been released in Japan for more than half a year, dumped it twice.

Screenshot from Yien data

Why does a topic with a luxurious lineup have a dismal box office?

Is it the pot of the film itself? Or is there another reason?

Our 1905 editorial department felt that this piece … … It’s really a long story.

Elephant: another spiritual prescription

This time, Shunji Iwai, who is good at curing and causing depression, has prescribed another mental prescription. He bypassed the stereotype of blind nostalgia in youth films and put forward another view: youth, no matter how long it has passed, will still nourish your life in a subtle way.

Because of this ambiguity, I no longer cling to the freshness of youth and the gloom of adult life.

So I chose to write a letter, an act that runs counter to the present society, an imaginary ceremony and a breath of fresh air.

Small pain: Feel an emotion

Although the box office is terrible, I personally prefer Hello, China.

After all these years, Shunji Iwai is as melodramatic as ever. You have to use letters to convey information, film cameras to take pictures, and you have to give in to the word "literature and art" in a fast-paced life.

Watching his movies is more like feeling an emotion. Coupled with a fixed style, people who like it will like it very much, and people who hate it will also hate it. Besides, Dalian in the film is really beautiful.

Xiaoying: Shunji Iwai-style model opera

In the Shunji Iwai-style model opera, the love triangle between two girls and a boy is Flowers and Alice, the housewife’s flower is Changyu’s letter, and the main story is simply Love Letter … …

If you change to Japanese, you may get a score of 7 through the emotional filter, but it’s a pity that the orange raw Huaibei is bitter orange. When Hugh appeared, the introspection was quiet and out of the human fireworks.

Ke Nuo: the hero’s late self-indulgence

It’s not so much an upgraded version of Love Letter as the self-indulgence of Shunji Iwai’s hero in his late years.

Letters are still there, and the pain of youth is still there, but without the snow in a small jar, the rain in April, the green wheat fields, the fireworks on the tower … His usual specialty in creating atmosphere is covered by the dry and tasteless urban fireworks, which means less scale, less meaning and less aftertaste.　

Due to the cross-border and cross-regional cultural barriers, Iwai lost his truth and lost his mind when recreating the historical memory of the 1980s. Of course, there was Qin Hao’s wig and Hugh and Tan Zhuo who disturbed the second half. Strictly speaking, when he came to China for filming for the first time, he could not escape being forced to implant commercial advertisements (Hundred Years Old Mountain) in the film.

Layers of old, middle-aged, middle-aged and three generations of multi-group characters are stacked, and the drama has a thick product, which can be described as shifting back and forth and switching left and right, which finally weakens the intensity of empathy and gets twice the result with half the effort.

X.C.: Success is Shunji Iwai, and defeat is Shunji Iwai.

I don’t deny that I will be hit by some of these emotions, but when I think about it, I feel a little melodramatic. That kind of emotion is taken away by the camera when you are absolutely emotional. But if the audience is a little more rational, this emotion is cleaner than a blank sheet of paper in an instant.

Spell a lot: the Japanese bring their own things to mourn, and the Chinese context is really lacking.

The biggest question in Hello, China is not whether Japanese feelings can be expressed by China actors. Of course, this is also a question in the film — — In the suicide note as an important prop, what kind of adults will we become when summer is over? The Japanese bring their own mourning for things, and the Chinese context is really lacking.

The biggest problem is the rush and emptiness of the film. There is no full story to carry the theme of regret, missing, growth and so on that Shunji Iwai wants to express.

But there is one thing I like very much, about Nan, the protagonist who is not present, who has failed for 30 years after continuous Excellence. This is the strength of Japanese directors, which warmly shows you a negative energy world.

Looking at the above contents, it is not difficult to see that this is a controversial literary film, and the controversy mainly revolves around the content of the film itself, such as stories, characters, styles, shots, emotions and so on.

There is no doubt that Hello, China is full of distinctive director style, and the setting, filters, details and interests of "Shunji Iwai style" are everywhere, which invisibly divides the audience into camps.

For fans who are familiar with and like him.Despite the use of China’s cast, those delicate and tender narratives, those endless feelings, are still the original formula, or the familiar taste, which is the China version of Love Letter.

For fans who are so familiar with it that they expect to see surprises.This is a collection of Shunji Iwai’s works, funeral, letter writing, love triangle … … These scenes are so boring that they seem to be frying cold rice. This is "Shunji Iwai’s movie", but it is not the "Shunji Iwai’s movie" they want.

butPassers-by who are not very interested in Shunji Iwai.Perhaps they are directed at their favorite actors, perhaps because of their friends’ Amway, or perhaps because they are interested in the fame of the main creator, but most of them are almost dissuaded by "movies are too literary".

The word "literature and art" is a double-edged sword for Hello, Zhihua.

On the one hand, it needs such a unique temperament to consolidate its fans, but on the other hand, it is a tonality dilemma that the film’s main creation and announcement can’t escape.

According to the box office data of urban movies in the first three quarters of 2018, although the box office market in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen is very large, the growth rate has been overtaken by the second, third and fourth lines.

The picture comes from the movie box office, right?

Explosions such as "Lover", "Ex-3" and so on all captured the appetite of young people in small towns and thus seized the box office.

And "Hello, Zhihua", as a Japanese pure love live-action film, its own type limits its box office trend to be not strong enough.

Aragaki Yui, who once had "10 million husbands in China", starred in a light comedy. In the end, the box office in the mainland was only 18 million, and the "original" Shunji Iwai won more than 40 million. The audience already bought it.

Screenshot from Yien data

Although the content style of literary films limited the audience to enter the cinema, the box office of "Hello, China" was not just the pot of the film. Their propaganda team did not lower the threshold at all, and almost gave up potential incremental users.

All the core materials, that is, posters and trailers, are developed around the three main creations. Even the final posters are spliced by a group of actors, and the viral materials are spread by a large number of literary languages.

From mid-May to mid-September, the poster was issued, the first notice was finalized, and then the national roadshows in several cities were launched from October to early November, until the release on November 9, and the planning and publicity with memory points was almost zero.

On the cooperation platform, the "Hello, Zhihua" team also takes the route of "standing tall" and "pushing hard", such as the Bazaar dialogue between Zhou Xun and Chen Kexin, and the Zhihu Salt club dialogue in Shunji Iwai. How many small town youths will watch these platforms? It is estimated that it is very small.

These publicity activities not only failed to clarify the theme and topic of the film, but also did not arouse the interest of passers-by. They just kept strengthening the inherent fans of the main creation and style, and did not mean to precipitate downward and expand incrementally.

The previous groups of virus materials were simple and rude, but the tonality of the film was clarified, and the lower users were opened up, which even catered to the interests of the fan group.

The "positive energy" public service advertisement released by "Venom" in the same period is also very memorable.In the big environment where everyone has to publish koi fish and Fantastic Animals have to rely on "sniffing" to make money, and everyone is competing to tell jokes in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, "only children with enough soil can have sugar to eat", and the still "high cold" announcement is undoubtedly giving away the heat and flow.

Of course, it is impossible to sell literary films, but they will still enter the cinema and the market.

However, if the marketing promotion of a movie is just talking to itself on an insulated platform and disconnecting from the audience’s distribution and materials, it is simply useless to maximize the effect.

No matter how stylized the visual image is, no matter how meaningful the postmodern narrative is, it can only be confined to the deep alley to admire itself.