Meihekou city natural population queue started construction and the Meihe Health Research Institute of the First Hospital of Jida University was officially completed.

On November 11th, the seminar on the study of natural population queues in meihekou city and the kick-off meeting on the construction of natural population queues in meihekou city were successfully held in the administrative building of Meihe Hospital of the First Hospital of Jida University. This marks the official start of the construction of the first natural crowd queue in Jilin.

(Meeting site)

At the symposium on natural population cohort study in meihekou city, the participating experts raised questions, shared experiences and opinions and had a heated discussion based on their respective specialties and fields.

(hosted by Lu Guoyue at the opening ceremony)

(Speech by Chen Xiangmei)

Academician Chen Xiangmei, academician of China Academy of Engineering, director of the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and director of the State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, attended the meeting online. In her speech, she said that the study of natural population cohort in meihekou city is a milestone. She shared her views on data-driven natural population queues and disease prevention and control. She said that the study of natural population cohort in the whole life cycle requires us to use years of efforts to deeply understand the health status of our people in order to see the final results. It is of far-reaching significance to the occurrence and development of diseases from genetic background, epigenetics and other aspects. By talking about the top-level design, she expressed her gratitude to the Jilin Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, the Health and Wellness Committee, the Meihe Municipal Party Committee and the relevant departments for their strong support. She encouraged the participating experts to be brave in exploration and innovation, firm in belief and persistent in pursuing their goals. She emphasized the hardships and challenges of scientific research and pointed out that only through unremitting efforts and practice can grand goals be achieved.

(Cao Guangwen presided over the discussion session)

Cao Guangwen, director of the Department of Epidemiology of Naval Military Medical University, attended the meeting and served as the guest of the seminar. Jiang Changtao, vice president of Peking University Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Sun Xuefeng, director of the Department of Nephrology Medicine of PLA General Hospital; Fang Zhongze, vice president of School of Public Health of Tianjin Medical University; Zhang Feng, vice president of School of Public Health of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University; Tao Huang, professor of Peking University School of Public Health; Chen Xingdong, executive dean of Taizhou Research Institute of Fudan University; Jin Cheng, professor of Big Data Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Yang Tian, professor of Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital of Naval Medical University. Professor Zhang Weiguang and Huang Mengjie from the Department of Nephrology Medicine of PLA General Hospital attended the meeting. Pan An, Dean of School of Public Health of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Huang Cunrui, Assistant Dean of School of Public Health and Health of Tsinghua University Vanke, Jin Guangfu, Dean of Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Xi Bo, Vice President of School of Public Health of Shandong University, Lu Guoyue, Party Secretary of First Hospital of Jida University, and Liu Bin, Dean attended the meeting online. Li Wenxin, executive deputy secretary of Meihe Hospital of the First Hospital of Jida University, president of downtown hospital, directors and deputy directors of some clinical departments and administrative departments of the First Hospital of Jida University, relevant staff, and relevant personnel from meihekou city Propaganda Department, Health and Health Bureau, Public Security Bureau, Medical Insurance Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, CDC and Meihe Hospital of the First Hospital of Jida University attended the meeting.

(Jiang Jing, deputy director, introduces the construction scheme of natural population queue in meihekou city)

Jiang Jing, deputy director of the Clinical Research Department of the First Hospital of Jida University, introduced the construction scheme of natural population cohort in meihekou city. Focusing on the project of relying on natural crowds to actively carry out health management and focus on building a "healthy model city" with high quality development, she elaborated and introduced the project background, implementation methods, project feasibility demonstration and so on from the aspects of Jilin residents’ exposure factors and characteristics of high-incidence diseases, meihekou city’s basic situation, overall construction framework, project quality control, policy support, system construction and management process.

(Sun Xuefeng introduces "CKD queue research scheme")

Sun Xuefeng introduced and shared the research scheme of CKD cohort in detail from the aspects of selected cases, cohort subgroups, data collection contents, data collection methods and intervention measures, collection and use of biological specimens, and scientific problems to be solved.

At the kick-off meeting of natural population queue construction in meihekou city, all experts who participated in the research seminar attended. Song Qinwei, director of the Management Committee of Meihe New District and Mayor of meihekou city; Wang Jinghui, deputy director of the Health and Wellness Committee of Jilin Province; Ma Yanming, vice president of Jilin University; Zhang Weihong, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Meihe New District; Liu Dawei, member of the Party Working Committee of Meihe New District and deputy director of the Management Committee; Xing Xiaofeng, director of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Health and Wellness Committee of Jilin Province; Zheng Yan, director of the Organization Department of the Party Working Committee of Meihe New District and secretary of Shuguang Town of meihekou city; Qu Peng, deputy mayor of meihekou city Government. Yu Yanling, vice chairman of meihekou city CPPCC and director of Meihe New District Health and Wellness Bureau, Pei Honghai, deputy director of Meihe New District Health and Wellness Bureau (Municipal Health and Wellness Bureau), Tong Chengtao, executive deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the First Hospital of Jida University, Han Xiaohong, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, and Li Hongyan, vice president attended the kick-off meeting.

(Liu Bin presided over the kick-off meeting)

(Speech by Song Qinwei)

In his speech, Song Qinwei extended a warm welcome to the leaders and experts attending the meeting, and expressed heartfelt thanks to everyone for their concern and support for meihekou city’s medical and health undertakings. He gave a brief introduction to the basic situation of meihekou city. He pointed out that the natural population cohort research project in meihekou city is a basic and forward-looking major scientific research project related to the health of the broad masses of the people, and it is also a trust and full affirmation of meihekou city, which is of great significance for boosting the medical and health undertakings in meihekou city to a new height and starting a new journey. He said that meihekou city will establish a long-term mechanism for the whole process, mobilize widely and publicize systematically, and ensure the effectiveness of the project research with a strong sense of responsibility and mission.

(Speech by Lu Guoyue)

In his speech, Lu Guoyue expressed sincere gratitude to Academician Chen Xiangmei for his long-term concern and guidance on the development of health in his hometown, Jiang Changtao and other experts and scholars for their recognition and promotion of health cohort research, and the provincial party committee and government, Meihekou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government for their attention and support for pioneering, innovative and forward-looking scientific research projects. He said that under the background of great sanitation and health, the "population cohort study" which tends to the international forefront is a strategic project that "contributes to the present and benefits the future", and has a far-reaching impact on the world’s medical innovation research, the development of national public health undertakings, and the promotion of population health in provinces and cities. The meihekou city natural population cohort study project will also become another new starting point and new benchmark for meihekou city’s new development and new leap.

(Song Qinwei, Lu Guoyue unveiled)

Song Qinwei and Lu Guoyue jointly unveiled the Meihe Health Research Institute of Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University.

(From left: Liu Bin, Sun Xuefeng, Lu Guoyue, Ma Yanming, Wang Jinghui, Song Qinwei, Cao Guangwen, Jiang Changtao, Fang Zhongze, Zhang Weihong, etc. jointly started the project)

Leaders and experts attending the meeting jointly sprinkled Jinsha on the launching platform, and the study of natural population cohort in meihekou city was officially launched.

(photo taken at the conference)

The First Hospital of Jida University and Meihekou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attach great importance to the promotion of this project. On November 5th, meihekou city Regional Medical Center and natural population queue were specially held for discussion and exchange. The meeting heard the introduction of the progress of establishing the national regional medical center in meihekou city and the related situation of the natural population queue project. The leaders attending the meeting conducted in-depth communication and exchanges around further strengthening the cooperation between meihekou city and the First Hospital of Jida University and accelerating the national regional medical center and the natural population queue project. Oi-Ming Wong, secretary of the Party Working Committee and Party Committee of Meihe New District, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech. Song Qinwei, Lv Guoyue, Tong Chengtao, the person in charge of Lequn Park in the First Hospital of Jida University, Gao Pujun, the Executive Dean of Meihe Hospital, Wu Wei, Zhang Weihong, Zheng Yan, Qu Peng, Yu Yanling, and relevant responsible comrades of the Party and Government General Office, Cancer Center, Radiotherapy Department, Clinical Research Department and Information Center of the First Hospital of Jida University attended the forum.

Oi-Ming Wong emphasized that in order to further promote the strategy of healthy China, strengthen medical research and health management in meihekou city, and promote the development of the city’s health cause, the First Hospital of Jida University actively strives for the support of major national projects and organizes a team of experts to carry out cohort study of natural population in meihekou city, which is not only a high-end scientific research project that brings together many experts and talents, but also a livelihood project that "contributes to the present and benefits the future". It is important for comprehensively improving the level of disease prevention and control and medical diagnosis in meihekou city, scientifically formulating health policies, and accelerating the construction of national regional medical centers. The whole city should attach great importance to it, establish a correct outlook on political achievements and development, take my historical responsibility for success in my spiritual realm and achievements, take the initiative, serve first, do a good job in docking, and fully cooperate with the First Hospital of Jida University to carry out all the work of project research, ensure that good things are done well, and provide scientific data support for people’s health.

Lv Guoyue made an in-depth exposition on the issues related to the natural population cohort study conducted by the First Hospital of Jida University in meihekou city. He said that the First Hospital of Jida University will always uphold the benevolence of doctors, give full play to the exemplary leading role of the province’s medical system, continuously deepen communication and cooperation with meihekou city, send more experts, implement more scientific research projects, comprehensively improve the medical level in meihekou city, effectively meet the people’s demands for medical treatment and yearning for a better life, and make greater contributions to the establishment of a national regional medical center in meihekou city.

"meihekou city natural population cohort study" is the first large-scale natural population cohort in Jilin Province, and the First Hospital of Jida University is the lead unit and implementing agency for the construction of this cohort. The establishment of this cohort has far-reaching significance. In terms of health promotion, the potential mechanism and influencing factors of diseases will be revealed through long-term follow-up, data collection and in-depth research, and health education and intervention for high-risk groups will be strengthened to reduce the incidence and mortality of chronic diseases. It is conducive to providing more personalized and accurate medical services for residents, and to improving the scientific level of health decision-making so as to improve the health level and quality of life of residents; in scientific research, it will comprehensively and systematically grasp the health status of residents in meihekou city and even Northeast China, provide rich data resources for various scientific research projects related to chronic disease research, and promote the innovation of medical research and the development of public health undertakings in China. Further improve the medical level; in promoting regional economic and social development, it will further improve and promote the development of health services, health management, health manufacturing and other related industries to expand domestic demand, promote employment, and help industrial upgrading and transformation.

"Tattoo: Western Verticals and Verticals" exploration class Chiu Man-Cheuk leads the martial arts rising star.

A few days ago, the action giant directed by Lu Yitong and starring Chiu Man-Cheuk was being filmed in Xiangshan Film and Television City, Zhejiang Province. On November 29th, the crew opened the media to explore classes. Actors Chiu Man-Cheuk, david belle, Li Mincheng, Sang Ping and Yi Long were interviewed by reporters, and they shared many creative feelings and interesting work behind the scenes.

Chiu Man-Cheuk performs chivalrous and tender tattoo artist 

According to Chiu Man-Cheuk, this time, his role has broken through the consistent heroic image, playing a tattoo artist who is both good and evil, both rigid and flexible, and showing his life in a humorous way, showing a chivalrous and tender man. Because he plays a tattoo artist, there will be some evil spirits in the character temperament, and the whole character modeling will also have scattered hair and different eyes to echo it. In the performance, all other operas and martial arts plays in the play should be combined, and some modern fighting techniques have been added to the martial arts play, so the picture presentation not only has the aestheticism of China traditional martial arts, but also has the impact and explosive force of modern fighting. Let’s wait and see what kind of tattoo skills this martial arts superstar, who used to be good at martial arts, has and what kind of extraordinary skills he will create.

David belle is facing Chiu Man-Cheuk’s live show of kung fu.

David belle, a French martial arts star, introduced at the scene: He played a circus owner in the play, and had a head-on fight with Chiu Man-Cheuk in the play, but who won in the end was not revealed. David belle is a martial arts star who is good at Parkour and has studied China martial arts. In the film, he perfectly combines Parkour with China martial arts. In order to organically integrate them, he has learned a lot about people’s living habits in the Republic of China through the Internet and books, and he will carefully study the walking style, just to perfectly integrate Parkour with China’s traditional martial arts. On the spot of visiting classes, david belle showed great kung fu, which attracted praise from the scene. It is understood that this French actor, who is good at Parkour and practices China Wushu, once performed well in the film, and every time he appeared, he surprised the audience with his unique Parkour skills and kung fu display.

Li Mincheng, Sang Ping, and Yi Long’s strength has not diminished.

According to the live introduction of Li Mincheng, Sang Ping and Yi Long, each of them has stunts and confronts Chiu Man-Cheuk head-on, and each of them has his own tattoo style. Li Min-cheng plays the role of a hermaphrodite. The relationship with Chiu Man-Cheuk is like a right-hand man. His appearance often makes the enemy hit a fatal blow. Although there will be confrontation in the play, they are good brothers outside the play, and often eat and live together. Chiu Man-Cheuk, as the big brother in his spare time, will also guide them how to perform martial arts on the screen.

Li Mincheng, as the leading actor in the film Bai Niao Chaofeng, was once the most popular actor in the College Student Film Festival. Sang Ping, an actor, has appeared in more than ten movies and TV works with various themes. In the play, he left a deep impression on many audiences with the characteristics of "being able to play", "being able to play" and "being able to watch". Actor Yi Long is good at martial arts of various schools in China. He is also a martial arts star who pays attention to actual combat. He won the champion of Wing Chun and was named "Wulin Wind MVP" for many times. I believe that under the leadership of Kung Fu superstar Chiu Man-Cheuk and the joining of many powerful martial arts stars, it will definitely bring different visual experiences to the audience.

The content of laughter and tears is full, and the western legend is fought with fists.

It is reported that the story told in the movie Tattoos: The Horizons of the West took place in the salt industry town in the southwest of China in 1935, with a series of mysterious "tattoo" patterns as clues, linking up a legendary past in the west. There is not only a bloody fight from boxing to meat, but also a tearful fathers and daughters and brotherly love, and there will be a sudden flash of laughter that makes people laugh. It is an action blockbuster with laughter, tears and strong visual impact.


The Long-term Challenge of Global Inflation and the Macroeconomic Effect of E-commerce Development in China

Source: CBN

  The Long-term Challenge of Global Inflation and the Macroeconomic Effect of E-commerce Development in China

  Author: Mei Xinyu

  [In macroeconomic regulation and control, in addition to the traditional macroeconomic policy tools, we need to focus on innovation, pay enough attention to the development of new technologies such as IT and related industries, and actively and steadily explore the potential of using new technologies and industries to improve macroeconomic stability. ]

  What does high inflation mean to a country’s social stability and economic development?

  Inflation: Key words of world economy in 2021

  At the beginning of the new year, the price increase of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Kazakhstan suddenly set off a national turmoil, which once again provided a profound lesson to the world, because the inflation rate in Kazakhstan has been high for many years. The default monetary policy adjustment line of western central banks for many years is the annual inflation rate of 2%, but even in relatively good years, Kazakhstan’s inflation rate is usually about three times that of the above adjustment line. From 2013 to 2020, the year-on-year increase of CPI (Consumer Price Index) in Kazakhstan was 5.8%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 14.6%, 7.4%, 6.0%, 5.2% and 6.8%, and it is expected to be 7.5% in 2021.

  Turning our eyes to Turkey, which is the junction of Europe and Asia, this once-favored country’s "three kills" in the stock exchange bond market is equally thrilling.

  On December 28th last year, the Turkish financial supervision department announced that it would file criminal proceedings against more than 20 people, including former central bank governors, economists and journalists, who were accused of "manipulating" the exchange rate, which led to the Turkish currency crisis.

  On December 29th, 2021, the Turkish central bank announced the monetary and exchange rate policy for 2022, saying that it would maintain the inflation target of 5% and the floating exchange rate system unchanged.

  We witnessed the soaring inflation in Turkey, and the inflation rate in November 2021 was as high as 21.31%. We have experienced the "three kills" in Turkey’s stock exchange and bond market several times in one year. The exchange rate of lira against the US dollar was halved in just two months from October to December last year, and the three-month volatility reached the highest level since the statistics in October 1999. Under the pressure of runaway inflation, currency exchange rate and balance of payments crisis interweaving and promoting each other, the per capita GDP climbed to the peak of 9,647 US dollars in 2017, and is expected to drop to around 5,000 US dollars in 2021, which is almost halved compared with the peak. In just four or five years, Turkey has provided the world with a typical case of falling into the middle-income trap.

  Not only Turkey, but also in the surge of global inflation since the third quarter of 2020, from the number one developed country, the United States, to the quasi-newly industrialized countries, and then to sub-Saharan Africa, almost no country can be immune to it, and a group of countries that have been widely valued are struggling to survive in the vicious circle of inflation, currency exchange rate and balance of payments crisis:

  Among the BRICs countries (Brazil, Russian, Indian, China and South Africa, abbreviated as "BRICS"), the year-on-year increase of CPI in Brazil exceeded 9.0% in July 2021 and 10.0% in September, reaching 10.3%. The year-on-year increase of CPI in South Africa exceeded 8.0% in September 2021. Among the five countries (Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey and Argentina, abbreviated as "Vista") listed by The Economist magazine in Japan, Argentina’s inflation rate in the past 12 months is as high as 52%, and the new inflation target for 2022 proposed by the Argentine Ministry of Economic Affairs is still as high as 33% … The high inflationary pressure has pushed one emerging market after another, which was once optimistic, into a dilemma in macroeconomic policy. In addition to the most dramatic and most eye-catching "three kills" in Turkey’s stock exchange bond market, the exchange rates of many emerging market currencies such as the Brazilian real against the US dollar halved during the year. Under the pressure of runaway inflation and the resulting crisis, we have heard the voices of one emerging market after another, and these countries are almost helpless about it.

  Not only developing countries, but also developed countries in the United States and Europe, the inflation index in 2021 has almost completely and significantly exceeded the default monetary policy adjustment line of western central banks for many years-the inflation rate is 2%, which has repeatedly set a historical record of ten or decades.

  The year-on-year increase of CPI in the United States has been hovering in the range of 1.2%~2.4% from 2017 to 2020, reaching 6.8% in November 2021, the highest level in 39 years since June 1982; It further rose to 7% in December.

  The year-on-year increase of CPI in the Eurozone hovered between 0.3% and 1.8% from 2017 to 2020, and reached 4.9% in November 2021. Its PPI (producer price index) rose as high as 21.9% year-on-year, which indicates that the pressure of CPI rising continuously in the euro zone in the future cannot be underestimated. By December, the year-on-year increase of seasonally unadjusted CPI in the euro zone further rose to 5%, exceeding market expectations and reaching a new high since 1991.

  The year-on-year increase of CPI in Britain hovered between 0.9% and 2.6% from 2017 to 2020, and reached 5.1% in November 2021, the highest in ten years since September 2011. In December 2021, it further rose to 5.4%, the highest level in nearly 30 years since March 1992.

  Even for the top economic students like China, the inflationary pressure is far less significant than that in other countries, and the inflationary pressure imported from outside will inevitably be gradually transmitted to CPI through PPI. As far as the whole year is concerned, in 2021, China’s CPI increased by 0.9% and PPI increased by 11.0% year-on-year, which is excellent compared with major western countries, but the trend of CPI year-on-year increase is still alarming. In September 2021, the year-on-year increase of CPI still stayed at 0.7%, and it has risen to 2.3% in November; In November, the year-on-year increase of PPI was as high as 12.9%. Although the year-on-year growth rates of CPI and PPI dropped to 1.5% and 10.3% respectively in December, the potential pressure can not be ignored. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, the country began to speed up the pace of relaxing fiscal and monetary policies in order to stabilize growth. One of its potential side effects is that it may increase inflationary pressure.

  Dealing with inflation is a long-term challenge.

  What is even more worrying is that since the PPI of major economies is significantly higher than CPI, it is expected that inflationary pressure will remain for some time in 2022. Although the Fed’s shift to tightening monetary policy has been rampant in the international financial market, if this change occurs and lasts for enough time, it is expected to reduce the pressure of imported inflation in China from several aspects.

  The tightening of monetary policy by major western central banks, such as the Federal Reserve, will curb the rise of the international primary product market, and may even lead to its decline and collapse, thus helping to curb the imported inflationary pressure of China, the world’s largest consumer and importer of primary products.

  Major western central banks, such as the Federal Reserve, tighten monetary policy, and the excessive liquidity in the international financial market will decrease, and the hot money that overflows into China and the excess liquidity and inflationary pressure caused by it will correspondingly decline.

  However, due to a series of reasons, the inflationary pressure can’t disappear in the world in 2022, and many market participants at home and abroad are worried that the world economy will repeat the "stagflation" mistakes of the West in the 1970s.

  The tightening of monetary policy by major western central banks, such as the Federal Reserve, will lead to the overall decline of the commodity market and the reversal of international capital flows, which is likely to detonate economic, monetary and financial crises in a number of developing countries, especially those that are highly dependent on the commodity industry. In the case of the avalanche depreciation of the local currency exchange rate, the tightening of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve in these countries triggered not a reduction in inflationary pressure, but a surge in imports denominated in local currency and more intense inflationary pressure.

  In 2022, there is still a high degree of uncertainty in the US economy, and it is also a mid-term election year in the United States. Under the circumstances that the domestic political confrontation in the United States is extreme and the independence of the central bank has been seriously eroded in recent years, how long the Fed’s tightening of monetary policy can last is a big question mark. It is not inconceivable that the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy will take a sharp turn from tightening to loosening in 2022.

  China’s continuous relaxation of fiscal and monetary policies for steady growth will offset the "inflation suppression" effect of the Fed’s tightening of monetary policy to some extent, and may even be more than enough.

  Among the major primary products, the global major energy companies generally lack investment and the supply of new capacity is weak in 2021 due to the forced reduction of carbon. The New Year riots in Kazakhstan may lead to the suspension of energy price subsidies in many countries, which may lead to high energy waste. In addition, the eruption of Tonga volcano may lead to global cooling and increase energy consumption demand this year, and energy prices have a high probability of staying high or even rising against the trend this year.

  In view of this, curbing inflation remains an important theme of the global economy in 2022.

  From a longer time span, inflation has been a chronic disease in human social and economic life for thousands of years. The monetary standard has changed from precious metal standard to credit currency, and the so-called "modern monetary theory" is popular in the West, which means that the potential inflationary pressure in the international market will remain high for quite some time. As far as China is concerned, it has been in a great change for a hundred years, and for a long time to come, all kinds of unexpected or unexpected "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" incidents will bring huge inflationary pressure to the domestic market, so we must keep a calm and sober understanding of this; It is a long-term challenge for us to cope with the potential and realistic inflationary pressure.

  The mechanism of e-commerce development to curb inflation

  Curb inflationary pressure, and the plan will come out?

  From the root point of view, the essence of inflation is that too much money chases too few goods. Therefore, managing the "leader" of fiscal and monetary policies is the most crucial to control inflation. In addition, a more active and positive way to the long-term economic and social development is to combine the suppression of inflation with the promotion of innovation. Through the progress of technology and organization, the development of new products and new formats, the efficiency will be improved in all aspects of production and circulation, and the loss and waste will be reduced, which will also help to curb inflationary pressure. E-commerce is just such a tool, and it has initially shown its potential in this respect. In recent years, the phenomenon that China’s PPI is higher than that of the United States and CPI is lower than that of the United States is the result of the development of e-commerce.

  By analyzing the difference of PPI and CPI between China and the United States, it can be seen that in recent years, in the years with high inflation pressure, China’s PPI is higher than that of the United States and CPI is lower than that of the United States, which leads to the difference between China’s PPI and CPI being obviously greater than the same index in the United States in the years with high inflation pressure, which shows that the circulation link in China is more efficient and the cost is lower, and a large part of the pressure of higher PPI is resolved in the circulation link, and not all of it is transmitted to the end consumers. This is partly due to the developed e-commerce in China.

  Theoretically, through the following mechanisms, e-commerce helps to improve the efficiency of circulation links and reduce costs, thus curbing inflationary pressures:

  First, e-commerce can reduce the cost of circulation links and the loss caused by too many circulation links by reducing circulation links and even realizing direct access from factories to consumers and fields to consumers (M2C direct supply mode); Second, through storage facilities at relatively remote addresses, compared with physical stores that have to choose downtown and bear expensive rent and land price, e-commerce can save a lot of rent and land price costs that must eventually be apportioned to the price of goods; Third, through more and more large-scale e-commerce platforms, suppliers can share warehousing, sorting and other services, thus saving related costs; Fourth, by reducing the ineffective time and cost of waiting for customers in physical stores, e-commerce customer service and courier work is usually more full and labor productivity is higher than that of physical store clerks.

  The above-mentioned mechanism should have a sensible macroeconomic effect on inflation, provided that e-commerce has already accounted for a large enough share in the whole economic activities; From a realistic point of view, the scale of e-commerce in China should have crossed the threshold of producing sensible macroeconomic effects.

  Looking at the economic and industrial development of China in the first 20 years of this century, e-commerce is one of the greatest achievements. In a short time, e-commerce has grown from an externally imported concept to one of the important "growth poles" of China’s economy and industry, and it is also an advantageous industry in international competition, and it is expected to become a platform for attracting external markets to connect with China, thus exporting China standards and China rules to the outside world. In the past two years, China has implemented a series of anti-monopoly and other rectification measures in the field of e-commerce in order to regulate the market order. From the practical situation, these rectification measures have not dampened the vitality and development momentum of the Internet industry as a whole. The newly launched large-scale e-commerce platform has still achieved rapid growth that cannot be achieved in other countries, and the online sales scale has still maintained a double-digit growth rate.

  From the innovation and evolution of e-commerce format, after the general retail e-commerce platform has developed to the world’s leading level, the specialized M2C direct power supplier platform began to emerge and achieved rapid development. Other things being equal, the cost reduction effect of the specialized M2C direct power supplier platform is higher than that of the general e-commerce platform.

  Judging from the overall scale of online sales, China’s consumption growth leads the world’s big countries, and online sales growth leads domestic sales. This trend has been going on for many years and is expected to continue for quite some time in the foreseeable future. China Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Abstract of the National Bureau of Statistics have been included in online retail statistics since 2015, and the data development from 2015 to 2021 fully shows this trend:

  In 2015, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China was 28,658.78 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.4%; Among them, the online retail sales amounted to 3,877.32 billion yuan, equivalent to 5.66% of the nominal GDP(685571.2 billion yuan) calculated at the current price, accounting for 13.5% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, with a year-on-year increase of 33.3%.

  In 2021, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China totaled 44,082.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.5%; Among them, the online retail sales amounted to 13,088.4 billion yuan, equivalent to 11.44% of the nominal GDP (preliminary accounting value of 114,367 billion yuan), accounting for 29.7% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, up 14.1% year-on-year.

  To sum up, in the past two or three years, the retail sales of e-commerce has accounted for about 11% of GDP and 30% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods. This scale is enough to have an observable impact on the macroeconomic operation of China, including inflation. For our macro-economic management, besides the traditional macro-economic policy tools, we need to focus on innovation, pay enough attention to the development of new technologies such as IT and related industries, and actively and steadily explore the potential of using new technologies and industries to improve macro-economic stability; From direct power suppliers to pre-cooked dishes, the innovation of formats and products has begun to show its potential to cope with and hedge the impact of inflation. The impact of the SARS epidemic in 2003 objectively promoted the development of China’s nascent e-commerce industry, so that today’s China is already far ahead of the world’s largest e-commerce country; Today, as long as we deal with it properly, the impact of COVID-19 epidemic can also be an opportunity for China’s economic and industrial "creative destruction" to accelerate.

  (The author is a researcher at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, and this article only represents personal opinions.)

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The Mercedes-Benz GLE AMG is showcased in front of the world with its exquisite body design. Its body size of 4937mm long, 2015mm wide and 1782mm high, combined with the 2995mm wheelbase, gives it a stable and elegant body ratio. The smooth lines on the side of the car highlight the power and movement, especially the front wheels of the 275/45 R21 and the rear wheels of the 315/40 R21, which not only ensure the driving stability, but also show the sports gene of the AMG brand. The choice of tire specifications reflects the precise grasp of driving performance, allowing the driver to feel the unique control pleasure in every turn.

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Colleges and universities around the country are about to have a peak winter vacation, and there are school holidays for more than 2 months.

  Beijing, Dec. 21 (Reporter Zhang Ni) As New Year’s Day approaches, domestic colleges and universities have entered the final stage one after another, and the army of students will return home soon. Affected by the epidemic, this year’s major universities implemented a "peak-shifting" holiday, and many universities even started the winter vacation mode in December.

  What’s the difference between this winter vacation? Is the epidemic prevention and control deployed?

Data Map: On April 10th, Taiyuan Railway Station, Shanxi Province, students returning from colleges and universities received temperature tests at the exit. On the same day, the first batch of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province resumed classes in their graduation grades. China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

  The implementation of peak-to-peak holidays in colleges and universities has a school holiday of more than 2 months.

  Recently, there have been newly confirmed cases in many provinces in China, and the Spring Festival on New Year’s Day is approaching. As one of the main forces of the inter-provincial floating population, the winter vacation arrangements for college students have attracted much attention.

  In view of the problem of epidemic prevention and control in schools, the Ministry of Education recently issued the Notice on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Epidemic in Campus this winter and next spring to the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19. The "Notice" requires that all local schools should plan the winter vacation and spring school opening arrangements as early as possible, and coordinate the prevention and control of normalized epidemics and teaching and scientific research work. Colleges and universities adhere to the principle of "peak-shifting", arrange students to leave school in batches and orderly, and properly arrange winter vacation life, the teachers and students who stay in school.

  Judging from the actual situation, different from previous years, this year, the winter holidays in colleges and universities all over the country have opened a "time difference", and the length of holidays is also quite different.

  For example, the winter vacation of Tianjin Normal University will start before New Year’s Day. According to the arrangement of the school, students will have a winter vacation from December 21, 2020 to February 27, 2021, and the holiday will last for more than two months.

  According to the school calendar published by China University of Political Science and Law, the students of this school have a winter vacation from January 9, 2021, return to school on February 28, and formally attend classes on March 1, with a total holiday of 50 days.

  The winter vacation of China Renmin University lasts from January 18th to February 21st, 2021. The winter vacation of the University of International Business and Economics started later, starting from January 25, 2021 and ending on February 26, with February 28 as the student registration day.

  According to the announcement issued by Wuhan University, the school’s holiday time is from January 17th to February 23rd, 2021. Fudan University’s winter vacation starts on January 17th, 2021, and the undergraduate students register on February 28th, and the graduate students register on February 26th.

Data Map: Students study in the study room of the library. Photo by Liu Yuhua

  People with the same defense, closed management … … Epidemic prevention measures "No holiday"

  The winter vacation is just around the corner, and education departments and universities all over the country have begun to actively deploy the epidemic prevention and control work during the holiday.

  This month, the Education Department of Zhejiang Province held a conference on epidemic prevention and control in winter and winter vacation in the province’s education system to deploy epidemic prevention and control in winter and spring on campus.

  In terms of prevention and control of epidemic situation on campus, Zhejiang requires sticking to people’s common defense, fully guarding the campus gate, continuing to strictly implement the intelligent control measures of epidemic situation on campus, adjusting the control measures on campus in light of the actual situation, strengthening the management of campus gathering activities, paying close attention to the inspection and disinfection of all kinds of materials entering the campus, especially imported materials and cold chain materials, and establishing and improving the centralized supervision and unified disinfection and detection mechanism of cold chain food in school canteens.

  In addition, Zhejiang also requires that the work plan for the winter vacation and the next semester be prepared in advance, that students leave school in an orderly manner, that management services for students staying in school during the holidays be continued, that communication between home and school be strengthened, and that students’ holiday life be guided and arranged; Grasp the health status of teachers and students immediately, and provide the basis for the judgment of the new semester.

  In addition, the education departments of some provinces have recently "named" the situation that some schools’ epidemic prevention work is not in place.

  For example, recently, the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee jointly held a video conference. At the meeting, it was reported that some schools in Nanchang High-tech Zone were short of epidemic prevention materials, and some schools in suichuan county did not regularly clean and disinfect public places such as canteens and toilets as required.

  The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to strictly control the "three passes" outside the school gate, at the school gate and inside the school gate, and further strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation before and after the Spring Festival holiday.

  In addition, major universities have recently held intensive work deployment meetings to knock the "alarm bell" in advance for the prevention and control of the winter vacation epidemic.

  A few days ago, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications held a deployment meeting on campus epidemic prevention and control during the winter vacation. The school emphasizes that it is necessary to compact responsibilities at all levels, do a good job in campus closed management, students leaving school, teaching management, logistics support, material reserve, duty on duty, information submission, etc., strictly examine and approve the discipline of leaving school and returning to school, and build a defense line for campus epidemic prevention and control.

  Capital Normal University previously issued a notice clearly stating that teachers and students "do not leave the country unless necessary". All secondary party organizations should strictly do a good job in the examination and approval of faculty leaving Beijing, and the student affairs department should strictly manage the record of leaving school. Adhere to the relatively closed campus management and the requirements of "returning to school conditions", strengthen the "Beijing Health Code" at the school gate and check the negative certificate of effective nucleic acid detection, and so on.

Data Map: Returning students receive love and epidemic prevention packages. Photo courtesy of Tongji University

  Pay attention to these when you go home in winter vacation!

  There have been sporadic epidemics in many places since the winter, but according to previous domestic disease control experts, although there is a large flow of people during the Spring Festival, as long as there are no infected people in the crowd, there will be no major epidemic with a wide spread.

  For returning home for holidays, disease control experts and local education, health and other departments also gave some travel tips:

  1. Don’t go to medium and high risk areas unless necessary.

  2. Plan the return route, simplify the itinerary, pay attention to the changes in medium and high-risk areas in China, avoid transferring to transportation in medium and high-risk areas on the way, and do personal protection.

  3. Return home from high-risk areas in China, pay attention to the relevant requirements such as nucleic acid detection certificate in the place of residence, and report the relevant situation to the community where the place of residence is located and the CDC in the jurisdiction after arriving at the destination.

  4. Personal protection should be done in the process of returning home, and masks should be worn during the whole journey when taking public transport.

  5. Pay attention to hand hygiene when traveling, and wash your hands frequently at stations, airports and other places.

  6. Pay attention to personal hygiene on public transport, and cover your nose and mouth when sneezing.

  7. During the Spring Festival, try to avoid going to the enclosed space with many people in the room, and reduce the gathering of relatives and friends and a large number of people.

  8. Strengthen self-health monitoring. If you have symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea and fatigue, you should wear disposable medical masks and above, and immediately go to the fever clinic of the nearest designated hospital. Try to avoid taking public transportation during the medical treatment. Please take the initiative to inform the doctor of the travel history and contact history in detail when you see a doctor, so as to facilitate timely investigation.

The Bank of Japan suddenly raised interest rates.

On July 31, local time, the Bank of Japan suddenly announced a rate hike, adjusting the current policy interest rate of 0% to 0.1% to around 0.25%. This is also the first rate hike since the Bank of Japan lifted its negative interest rate policy in March this year.

At the same time, the Bank of Japan announced a detailed table reduction plan. The scale of government bond purchases will be reduced by 400 billion yen every quarter, and the monthly bond purchases from January to March 2026 will be about 3 trillion yen. Although the plan is generally in line with expectations, the reduction in bond purchases is lower than market expectations.

Under the "double impact" of raising interest rates and shrinking the table, the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Japanese yen suffered a short-term earthquake, once breaking through the 152 mark. As of press time, the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Japanese yen was reported at 152.1.

As of the close of July 31, the Nikkei 225 index closed up 1.49% at 39,101.82 points. The yield of Japanese five-year government bonds rose by 7.5 basis points to 0.660%, the highest level since November 2009.

Analysts believe that the Bank of Japan cut its bond purchases while raising interest rates, demonstrating its determination to normalize its policies. The Bank of Japan also hinted in its statement that it may continue to tighten monetary policy in the future. "The future monetary policy operation will depend on the future development of economic activities, prices and financial conditions. However, given that the real interest rate is at a significantly low level, if the prospects put forward in the outlook report in July can be realized, the central bank will continue to raise the policy interest rate accordingly and adjust the degree of monetary easing."

On July 31, Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said that it is appropriate to adjust the easing policy from the perspective of achieving the sustainability and stability of 2% inflation. The real interest rate may still be significantly negative, and the relaxed financial environment will continue to support the economy. If the current economic and price prospects are realized, we will continue to raise interest rates and adjust the intensity of easing policies.

Since the negative interest rate policy was lifted in March this year, the Bank of Japan has been cautious in raising interest rates. What are the considerations for raising interest rates at this time?

Justin Hu, a professor of practice at Shanghai Institute of Advanced Finance, Shanghai Jiaotong University, told reporters that the certainty of Japan’s deflation is gradually stabilizing. Since April 2022, Japan’s CPI has been consistently higher than the central bank’s target of 2% year-on-year. At the same time, the recent weakness of the yen has also prompted the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates to some extent.

In the summary of its latest outlook report, the Bank of Japan also showed optimism about the sustainability of inflation. The Bank of Japan lowered the median core CPI forecast for FY 2024 to 2.5%, and raised the median core CPI forecast for FY 2025 to 2.1%.

The Foreign Exchange Group of the Research Department of CICC believes that the Bank of Japan’s interest rate hike may also be considered by the United States to cut interest rates. At present, the market has fully priced the Federal Reserve’s interest rate cut in September. Under this background, if the Bank of Japan postpones the interest rate hike to the meeting in September or October, it will highlight the hawkish behavior of the Bank of Japan and the convergence of US and Japanese monetary policies, which may further bring about the appreciation of the yen and the upward trend of Japanese bond interest rates.

In this age of national promotion, how to reduce the price gracefully?

Today, the author wants to analyze the phenomenon of price reduction promotion in detail, hoping to answer three questions: what kind of goods are effective in price reduction? What are the effects of price reduction? How to effectively reduce the price without appearing Low?

Price reduction is perhaps one of the most frequently used words in our daily life.

  • Taobao, Tmall’s store is doing price reduction promotion;
  • The supermarket in the shopping center next to the company is cutting prices;
  • The gift package of playing mobile games is reducing the price;
  • Buy a video website member, bike-sharing monthly card is reducing the price;
  • Even a lot of luxury accessories are promoted on Mr. Porter.

And we ourselves, as consumers surrounded by crazy bees, waves and butterflies, sometimes feel speechless about our behavior. Sometimes we see the price reduction products just like our long-lost brothers, and sometimes we see a lot of information about price reduction, but there is no wave at all in quiet inside.

What factors are influencing our sensitivity to price reduction information?

Today, I want to analyze the ubiquitous phenomenon of price reduction promotion with you in detail, hoping to answer three questions:

  1. What kind of commodity price reduction is effective?
  2. What are the effects of price reduction?
  3. How to effectively reduce the price without appearing Low?

Let’s imagine a scene first:

If you are walking in the street on a sunny summer day. Suddenly, I saw a figure coming at me. It was the opposite sex with clean clothes and good figure, but I couldn’t see my face clearly because of the distance.

At this time, most people will think: "This little sister/brother must be beautiful/handsome", and even a template of a beautiful face has appeared in their minds. Even though the appearance of the opposite sex in the distance is very general, at this moment, weWill look on the bright side first.

The reason why we think like this is related to a concept in social psychology.Psychological Distance (psychological distance)Related.

Psychological distance can be understood as our perception of the environment and things. For things that are strange, far from our physical distance, or long in time dimension, we all have a long psychological distance. On the contrary, we tend to get close psychological distance for familiar things with close physical distance or recent time.

A large number of studies show that: forFar psychological distanceHuman beings tend to think about its benefits. For things that are close to psychological distance, we will think more about its cost.

Therefore, when we are in a hazy state about the distant opposite sex, we tend to imagine that her appearance is attractive. This is also the main reason for the "back killer" and the "seeing death" of online dating.

Whether you only see the back of the opposite sex or communicate through the internet, the far psychological distance brings you imagination in a good direction.

When a couple begins to fall in love for a period of time, and the psychological distance is close, they will begin to pay attention to each other’s advantages (that is, the benefits gained from this relationship) to their shortcomings (costs), which is also a personal experience that many of us will have.

Back to the theme, the action of reducing the price, in the final analysis, is to tell consumers that you canAt a lower costTo get a profit. And the theory of psychological distance tells us:When consumers are psychologically far away from a commodity, they will not care about the cost at all.

Therefore,To be effective, price reduction promotion must have established a sense of value in consumers’ minds.As for how to build a sense of value for commodities, I can use a separate space in future articles, so I won’t start here.

But for many marketers, the more urgent problem to be solved is:

"What if my products haven’t had time to establish a sense of value, but they have to cut prices and rush sales because of the need of the capital chain?"

Here’s a way for everyone, that is-Quickly set up a value anchor to build a temporary sense of value..

In the previous article, I once told you the concept of value anchor, that is, we always find some known reference objects in our hearts when measuring the value of a thing. Therefore, we canArtificially create reference objects to quickly establish a sense of value..

Side-by-side anchoring is a common practice in the retail industry. Specifically, it is to put two goods with similar functions, capacity and appearance, but with similar prices side by side.

In this way, customers will feel that it is cost-effective to buy the low-priced one, because their judgment on the value of this commodity has been influenced by the high-priced one.

In addition to the same type of goods as the value anchor, you can also let the price of goods at other time points as the anchor, the most typical is the original price and special price.

In this case, the calibrated original price will become the maximum value anchor of the commodity. Consumers will consider the special price as "this product is worth so much money".

Another operation is to make "being selected and bought by most people" as the biggest value anchor. When we shop on Taobao, we will subconsciously look at the number of comments and monthly sales.

The principle is that for the limbic system area of our brain, being selected by many people is equal to safety. This set of value choices is particularly important in the life of primitive tribes. For example, plants that have been eaten by many people are definitely non-toxic.

It is precisely because our brain has such a mechanism of filtering information and saving thinking energy that being chosen by many people often becomes a great source of value.

These practices are also common in transactional e-commerce, but this rapidly established sense of value can easily be diluted. If consumers shop in high cognitive mode, it will be easy to eliminate this short-lived sense of value by comparing other goods of the same type.

In the final analysis, building a real sense of value is the right way to accumulate long-term sales.

The role of price reduction is not only to rush sales. Many times, our understanding of price reduction only stays in a simple logic-when the price comes down, sales will go up, which is the demand curve of economics.

In fact, the role of price reduction is not just to increase sales. Here I will introduce the Product Life Cycle Model in marketing, and I will share it with you.What role can price reduction play in different stages of product life cycle?.

The product life cycle is mainly divided into four stages-introduction period, growth period, maturity period and decline period. Let’s take a look at the role of price reduction as the product life cycle goes on.

The scope of application of this period is the stage when the product has just been launched. At this time, the accumulation of user pool is small, and consumers’ sense of value of the product is not high. In fact, I don’t recommend you to do price reduction promotion at this time, because the reason has been mentioned in the last paragraph.

If you really want to do it, use the three methods mentioned above. But remember, it is difficult to accumulate a short sense of value to truly valuable users.

In the growing period of product life cycle, potential customers have a certain sense of value for our products. They may have heard about our products from friends, or they may be interested in the exposure of other marketing platforms. In short, more potential consumers have demand for products.

To achieve rapid growth at this time, it is necessary to reduce the concerns of potential customers, that is,Trial and error cost.

For example, there is a hole in front of the monkey, and we have successfully convinced them that there are bananas in the hole. Then we just need to make the monkey feel that the hole is not deep and will not fall.

In my previous article, I talked about the concept of perceived cost, that is, besides money, time and energy are also part of perceived cost. Price reduction can actually reduce these three types of perceived costs in different ways.

  1. Money cost:This is the most direct way to make consumers feel that "it is just cheap to buy now". I have seen a very successful case of price reduction before, that is, a membership system with fees, which launched an activity of reducing the price by 50% one day, then rising by 10% every day, and restoring the original price five days later. The output of this activity was so successful that many potential consumers who were still hesitating immediately placed orders.
  2. Time cost:The concept of this method is that the product manufacturer transforms the cost of money into the time cost that consumers feel. For example, if an online shop delivers goods, it will upgrade the slow delivery express to SF Express for free, so that consumers can receive the goods on the same day. Or a hotel provides customers with free airport shuttle service, which are all ways to reduce the time cost perceived by consumers.
  3. Energy cost:This method is to make consumers think about choosing goods without spending too much attention. The most typical thing is to give a price reduction when everyone in the whole category does not reduce the price. At this time, when consumers have the demand for this category, they can basically place an order without considering it.

If the biggest concern of consumers is the quality problem, such as the material problem of BB car or the limit problem of food, then returning goods for free without reason will be the best way to save energy.

In short, in the growth period, we shouldAnalyze the biggest concern of potential customers not to buy, and then eliminate that concern by making profits at cost..

When you reach the maturity of the goods, you basically have to go all out to sell them. Use it at this timeQuantity-related pricing methods will be more effective.For example, give a big discount if you buy enough, or share it with multiple friends for bargaining.

This period is generally not short, but it should be noted that the price reduction must be rhythmic and cannot last too long. The reason for this is that human genes determine that we are sensitive to change, but when the change becomes normal, we have no feeling.

What’s even more frightening is this.The sense of detachment caused by the sudden disappearance of positive changes will minimize our impression of related things.

For example:

If your boss tells you that starting today, you will be given a monthly salary as a bonus temporarily, you will be very happy, but this happiness will only last for a few weeks at most, and then you will get used to it.

A few months later, the boss said that this month’s bonus was gone, and there will be no bonus in the future. Not only is the pain caused by this loss far greater than the original happiness (because human beings suffer more from losses of the same magnitude than the happiness of gains), but you will hate your boss and this company and feel that they have exploited you.

Blindly reducing the price for a long time will hurt the brand value and it will be difficult to support the recovery of the original price in the future. This is also the case that many commodities in the retail industry can never return to their original prices once they are reduced in price.

Therefore, the price reduction of products should have a certain rhythm, which is reflected in:

Don’t let consumers think that you cut the price just to throw the goods to them in a hurry.

How to do this will be described in detail in the third part of this article.

The sense of commodity value in recession is not as strong as in previous stages. Generally, at this time, the enterprise has planned to reactivate the market with other newly launched products, but the old goods usually still have the problem of inventory backlog.

If it is for the development of APP or service paying members, enterprises need to consider how to transform the consumers of the original products into the user pool of new products. At this time, old goods actually shoulder a mission. For physical retail stores and online retail stores, the purpose of price reduction promotion is to let more people step in or click into the store.

For service businesses, the purpose of reducing the price of the old business is to let more people know and be interested in the new service. Simply put, it’s alldrainage.

For drainage, the author described it in detail in a previous article, and interested readers can find out: we often talk about drainage, what are we talking about?

Now we put the drainage on the premise of price reduction and promotion, and we will find that: in fact, the premise of maximizing the price reduction and drainage isPurposefully connect old goods with new goods, and increase the exposure and sense of value of credit goods..

I have seen that many retailers want to use price reduction as a drainage, but because of the lack of purpose, the final result is just to let customers enter the store to buy goods at reduced prices and then check out.

If you ask these retailers how to sell more other goods at lower prices, their answer will be:

Try to keep customers in the store for a while.

The subtext is that the drainage product is only responsible for guiding customers into the store, and then we try to give a lot of other information.

Why is this usually not effective enough? You can recall the cognitive model theory I mentioned before. When customers want to enter the store to buy promotional items, they areIn the low cognitive mode, their only purpose is to get the goods at a reduced price quickly and finish the task.. At this time, it is often difficult to attract attention by giving too much messy information. So you have to find one.The destination goods are attached to the information..

For example, if a box of masks is used as a drainage product, then a better way is to bundle the mask with the new skin care products (such as toner and makeup remover) that need to be promoted.

If it’s a service charge, it’s best to sell old services at a reduced price and send new services for trial at the same time, in order to encourage users to download and install and try new services.

In short, whether it is drainage or bundled sales, it is necessary to give customers a feeling that "I have already bought cheap goods, so I can try new products".

In the above, we mentioned that when we rush to sell products at the mature stage, we need to keep the pace and not always reduce the price. Here I will give you an analysis of how to do this rhythm well.

For consumers, the worst perception of price reduction is:

"Where there is such a good business in the world that makes profits for no reason, there must be something fishy."

Nowadays, the lower the price of many goods, the less people buy them, just because consumers don’t have them.Perceive the reason for price reduction. Therefore, as a merchant, the best relationship with consumers in the category of price reduction is the sense of feedback. To put it bluntly, it means "I want to give back to you for a special reason, so I reduced the price."

In fact, in principle, this is related to the attribution theory in psychology.

Psychologists once did an experiment to make an office printer queue up to print, and at this time an experimenter cut in line.

Scenario one is that the experimenter cuts in line without saying anything; Scenario 2 is that when the experimenter cuts in line, he will say "Hello, please let me print first, because I am in a hurry".

The result of the experiment is that the probability that the subjects are willing to be cut in line in scenario 2 is more than doubled. However, in fact, if we re-examine, the experimenter’s statement "Because I am in a hurry" doesn’t have any substance, but because he gives a reason that seems to be the reason, people are more willing to make profits.

The implication here is that when we ask others to do something, if we can give a reason (although it may be boring), the will of others will increase greatly.

So what we have to do when we reduce the price is to provide consumers with a reason, or particularity. This will ensure that businesses give consumers a reason and consumers give themselves a reason to shop. ("It’s not that I don’t want to chop my hands, but it’s just XX now, so I don’t buy it for nothing")

Now, we will think about what particularity can be used as a reason to give back to consumers when they shop.

"Because you are special, we want to give back to you."

Membership is the most commonly used way to reduce prices. Whether it’s a big supermarket like Sam member store or Metro, or a restaurant APP or game, it’s a good reason to give members a discount.

It should be noted that besides membership, other identities can be created. For example, they all belong to a certain constellation, or even exceed a certain height, or even it is reported recently that a Marvel Comics diehard fan in the United States has watched Avengers 3 for more than 50 times, which is a good opportunity to create a special consumer identity.

"Because now is a special moment, I want to give back to you."

We are most familiar with the recent rise of 618, double 11, Double 12 and so on. In addition, there are celebrations of various physical stores and linkage activities of games.

There are two kinds of special time: tradition and man-made.

  • Traditions are various festivals, such as Thanksgiving Day and Mother’s Day.
  • Man-made is the activity of the above-mentioned e-commerce platform, or its own store celebration and opening.

One thing to note here is that for small platforms or small businesses, it is best to be natural or external at a special time, which is the so-called heat. For example, a physical store also participates in Double 12 activities, or a retail store celebrates Thanksgiving. Generally speaking, only the time particularity created by the big platform is more convincing, that is, it is truly special.

"Because you are here, I want to give back to you."

The particularity of place category is relatively less used by everyone. For example, knowing that there have been several days of heavy rains in Zhejiang Province, a supermarket chain decided to give 20% discount on rain gear in all stores in Zhejiang Province. Or a newly opened shopping center, where all the stores have a 20% discount.

"Because this product you bought is special, I want to give it back to you."

For example, we all know that parents will prepare schoolbags and stationery for their children when they are ready to start school in August. These goods can be reduced in price at this time.

Or when consumers buy baby milk powder, they can reduce the price of pacifiers and bottles at the same time, because these are things that babies can use, and it is not easy to be a novice mother.

"Because there is not much stock left in this commodity, I want to give it back to you."

This kind of scene most often happens in clothes, shoes and other stylish goods that need personalization. Usually, because the remaining inventory of goods is only suitable for some people, such as clothes that are too big or shoes that are too small, merchants will cut prices and clean up the tail goods.

"Because you bought it through this channel, I want to give it back to you."

Outlets is a typical special sales channel for price reduction, because consumers go to the factory store to buy it, so the price reduction is preferential. Or for service goods, because consumers download apps or register members from a certain channel, they are given price concessions.

Channel particularity usually needs to be linked with business strategy, and at the same time aschannel promotionA means of.

Another extension of the special sales channel is the special payment method. Now many merchants will reduce the price of consumers who use a certain payment method (such as cloud payment). If you want to cut prices, you can take this opportunity to further increase the depth of price reduction.

"Because it happens to be you, I want to give back to you."

Randomness is attributed to luck. For example, getting a lucky roulette wheel, or randomly drawing cards, is essentially a random selection of price reduction targets.

This way is basically unaffected by time and place, and the drawn consumers are basically willing to spend. However, it should be noted that only this random probability is not equal to 100%, which is a good special reason.

"Because of your efforts, I want to give back to you."

The essence of this reason for price reduction is that when we have paid (time and energy) for something, we will have a sense of control over it, and our evaluation of things that we have a sense of control will usually increase subjectively.

For example, when a seller sells a house, his valuation is always higher than that of the buyer. One of the reasons for this is that he thinks that the sense of control over the house increases the perceived value.

Therefore, if you want to reduce the price of a commodity well, it is best to let consumers pay for this price. For example, consumers need to snap up a limited number of goods at reduced prices on the hour, or collect cards and prints for a long time to get reduced prices, or even play some small games to get reduced prices.

Today, I have slightly summarized some basic analysis about the behavior of price reduction, mainly including:

  1. It is hooliganism to reduce the price of goods that have no sense of value, but to play hooliganism well, try to give your goods a temporary sense of value by anchoring value;
  2. Price reduction plays different roles in different stages of the product life cycle. Identify the stage of your product and understand what is affecting consumers’ purchase at the current stage to avoid blind price reduction.
  3. In order to maintain the sense of brand and product value, price reduction must be rhythmic. Through identity, time, place, goods, inventory, sales channels, randomness and attribution, the price can be reduced more elegantly.

 

Author: Mr. Ha, WeChat WeChat official account: Mr. Ha (ID: yuanwai-he)

This article was originally published by Mr. @ He. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Why are small clinics so "powerful" in treating diseases?

Why are small clinics so "powerful"

Around us, it is often seen that doctors in small clinics seem to be able to see any disease, which makes many people wonder: Can these doctors really cope with most health problems? In fact, there are many unknown factors behind it. Why are small clinics so "powerful" in treating diseases!

The description of the netizens in the comment area is very real. Some people say that the small clinic gives a large dose of antibiotics, such as a box of 3.5 grams of antibiotics, and the small clinic may increase it to 5 grams, so that the disease will naturally recover quickly. Others say that small clinics use drugs fiercely, even twice as much as hospitals. Although this method is quick and cheap, many people realize that there may be side effects.

At present, the fees of small clinics are not low, more than 100 yuan is a very common fee, and hospitals do not spend thousands of dollars to treat common diseases such as fever. The treatment of small clinics may be effective in the short term, but it is easy to relapse in the long run. It is still necessary to go to the hospital to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause.

Someone shared his experience of having a serious reaction after infusion in a small clinic, and later learned that four antibiotics were used at that time. In this case, it is necessary to go to a big hospital for help.

You are welcome to share your opinions in the comments section.

Why do high-risk products containing "banned drugs" become "online celebrity"?

  Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, October 20th Question: Why do high-risk products containing "banned drugs" become "online celebrity"?

  Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Tianming

  On the 18th, Guo Meimei, a "online celebrity", was sentenced to two years and six months’ imprisonment and fined 200,000 yuan by the Shanghai Railway Transport Court for selling poisonous "slimming candy" containing sibutramine.

  Sibutramine has been banned in China for about 11 years because of its great health risks. However, the Xinhua News Agency reporter found that its illegal transactions have not been completely cut off, and the recent cases of illegal production and sale of sibutramine have shown a resurgence trend. Some e-commerce platforms can still easily buy weight-loss products with sibutramine.

  After being banned for 11 years, high-risk "banned drugs" hid in "online celebrity slimming products"

  The reporter learned that Guo Meimei’s illegal "slimming candy" containing sibutramine has many fans.

  Song Zhihui, deputy director of the Pharmacy Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital, said that sibutramine may affect the digestive system, nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system and cardiovascular system, leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders, mental stress and sleep disorders. "The most serious thing is that it may cause myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiac arrest. Especially for patients with heart diseases or cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and arrhythmia, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents is higher."

  According to the information of official website, National Medical Products Administration, in 2010, the State Food and Drug Administration issued a document to stop the production, sale and use of sibutramine preparations and APIs in China, and revoked its approval documents. The drugs that have been marketed are recalled and destroyed by the production enterprises.

  Over the years, the relevant departments have always insisted on cracking down on the illegal production, sale and use of sibutramine, but the weight-loss products containing sibutramine are still not extinct, and some of them are among the "online celebrity products".

  The reporter learned from the Suzhou Drug Inspection and Testing Research Center that in 2019, the researchers of the center tested 84 batches of weight-loss health foods sampled by the market supervision and sent by the public security, and found that 62 batches illegally added a total of 7 chemicals, of which 50 batches were found to have added sibutramine.

  Recently, the reporter checked the China Judgment Document Network and found that from 2013 to now, there were more than 900 criminal cases involving sibutramine, and more than 130 cases were caused by the crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs; There are more than 730 cases of producing and selling toxic and harmful food, including more than 250 related cases in 2020, and the number is increasing year by year.

  Taobao and Pinduoduo can buy products containing "poison" and Baidu can search sellers of prohibited raw materials.

  The reporter tried to buy such slimming products on Taobao, Xianyu, Pinduoduo and other e-commerce platforms, and found that most of the two parties used code words, such as "old demon jar", "angel kiss" and "blue rider".

  The reporter also found that attractive advertising slogans such as "models only", "super satiety", "sudden thinness" and "knowing how to come" are very common, and some merchants promised to lose 8 to 23 pounds in January, "no dieting, no exercise" and "send another bottle if you don’t lose weight".

  The reporter selected three businesses with a large number of sales, and bought slimming capsules and slimming candy respectively. After screening with sibutramine bright screen reagent, sibutramine was initially detected in all three products.

  The reporter also found that sibutramine, which is forbidden to be produced and sold, can also be easily bought. The reporter easily found the contact information of a number of sibutramine production and marketing enterprises through Baidu search, and successfully contacted many salespeople. A salesperson said that the price of sibutramine for the "first cooperation" was 7,000 yuan per kilogram and sent samples to reporters.

  "In related cases, the content of sibutramine in some diet candy is as high as 30mg per pill, and the merchants will continuously increase the content of sibutramine in the products for people who often use drugs according to the needs of customers, even close to 50mg." Ma Xun, deputy director of the Third Procuratorate of Shanghai Railway Transport Procuratorate, told the reporter.

  She also revealed that in the cases handled, some weight-loss products contained sibutramine, but the merchants disguised them as natural enzymes, pure Chinese patent medicines, L-carnitine and sold them in meal replacement powder.

  Some consumers mistakenly buy such weight-loss products, and their lives are in danger. "About an hour after eating the diet capsule, I began to feel flustered, and my heart rate obviously accelerated. My heart rate soared from more than 70 times per minute to 110 times, which lasted for more than three hours. Wechat business told me to keep drinking water, and I peed six times in an hour. " Shanghai’s Ms. Zhang described her reaction after taking a certain "online celebrity slimming capsule" bought in Taobao.

  Building supervision and working together to explore the "root-cutting" governance method

  Experts believe that the huge sales profits of related products, loopholes in the supervision of APIs, and false responsibilities of e-commerce platforms and transportation and delivery enterprises are the important reasons for the current "endless" and "impenetrable" sibutramine.

  Ma Xun told reporters: "The cost of 50 cents includes sibutramine ‘ Candy ’ The terminal price is about 70 yuan, and the sales price has doubled. "

  "Because sibutramine preparations and APIs have stopped producing and selling in China, sibutramine is different from other APIs and is not monitored by the whole chain of production, warehousing, logistics and sales. Some unscrupulous pharmaceutical companies may take advantage of production gaps and use industrial equipment to engage in illegal production without leaving relevant records, just like ‘ Black under the lamp ’ 。” Shi Lichen, head of Beijing Dingchen Medicine Management Consulting Center, said.

  He suggested that it is necessary to further strengthen the rectification of pharmaceutical production enterprises, strictly regulate the supplier audit, purchase warehousing, inspection and change behavior of APIs, completely plug the loopholes in the inflow of chemical raw materials and the outflow of APIs from unknown sources, and stop all kinds of illegal and flexible illegal production and sales behaviors.

  Liu Peng, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, believes that the regulatory authorities should not only continue to strengthen the source control, but also increase the punishment for the responsible persons of enterprises that illegally produce illegal drugs. Besides general administrative punishment and civil means, they should make use of criminal law and other laws and regulations to give full play to the deterrent effect of punishment.

  Zhang Zhuo, a professor at the School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, suggested that e-commerce and live broadcast platforms should practice the hierarchical supervision and management responsibilities of "stopping, punishing, reporting and stopping services" for problem businesses and users, and systematically rectify illegal health food operators who "hang sheep’s heads and sell dog meat". "Strengthen the keyword review of banned drugs or counterfeit drugs to prevent criminals from using ‘ Code word ’ On the platform ‘ Open ’ Trading dead ends. "

  Lawyer Guo Yutao, a partner of Beijing Gefeng Law Firm, said: "According to relevant laws, when consumers buy diet foods containing prohibited ingredients through e-commerce platforms without knowing it, they can claim compensation from merchants and others when their health is infringed. If the e-commerce platform knows or should know that the merchant uses its platform to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and fails to take necessary measures, it shall bear joint liability with the seller or service provider according to law. "

  Liu Peng also reminded that the problem that express delivery has become the flow channel of some illegal drugs has become increasingly prominent. In practice, the postal departments and express delivery companies are not clear enough about the list of prohibited drugs, and the supervision over the delivery of prohibited drugs except narcotics and special drugs needs to be improved. This requires the drug supervision department and the postal department to share information and further strengthen the supervision linkage.

The new Corolla is officially launched, priced at 10.78.

  Original title: The new Corolla officially launched, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  Hexun Automotive News On the evening of June 19, FAW Toyota’s new 11th-generation COROLLA Corolla was officially launched. The new 11th-generation COROLLA Corolla listed this time is equipped with 1.6L, 1.8L two displacements, 7 levels and 12 models. The price range is 107,800 yuan to 159,800 yuan, which is consistent with the previous pre-sale price. In just one month of pre-listing, more than 8,000 orders were achieved.

Yifeng brand new Corolla officially listed, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

New 11th generation Corolla model guide price

Model name

Guiding price (10,000 yuan)

1.8L PREMIUM S-CVT 15.98 1.8L GLX-i S-CVT/6MT 15.08/14 08 1.8L GLX-i Navigation Edition S-CVT 14.78 1.6L GLX-i S-CVT/5MT 14.18/13 18 1.6L GL-i Leather Edition S-CVT/5MT 13.48/12 48 1.6L GL-i S-CVT/5MT 12.78/11 78 1.6L GL S-CVT/5MT 11.78/10 78 Hexun Automotive Watching   

 

Yifeng brand new Corolla officially listed, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  In terms of appearance, the new Corolla continues the design of the European version of the model. The front face part completely breaks the sense of moderation of the previous generation model, the large-scale chrome-plated banner decoration is quite eye-catching, the headlight part is sharp and stylish, and the overall line of the approximate trapezoid creates a stable and atmospheric visual effect.

Yifeng brand new Corolla officially listed, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  The length, width and height of the new Corolla body are 4630mm/1775mm /1480mm, and the wheelbase is 2700mm. Thanks to the increase in the wheelbase, the body not only has more atmospheric side lines, but also has a great improvement in the performance of the rear space. For Chinese consumers who are highly concerned about the interior space, this change can obviously help the new Corolla to gain competitiveness among the same class of cars.

The new Corolla officially launched, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  The interior retains the home style as a whole, but the details are also adjusted to be younger. The three steering wheels are decorated with silver, the asymmetrical design of the center console, and the extensive use of soft materials all reveal a fashionable atmosphere.

The new Corolla officially launched, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  In terms of power, the new generation of Corolla is equipped with a 1.6L engine and a 1.8L engine, of which the 1.6L engine has a maximum power of 122 horsepower and a maximum torque of 154N · m, and the 1.6L engine is a 5-speed manual gearbox or an 8-speed S-CVT gearbox. The 1.8L engine has a maximum power of 140 horsepower and a maximum torque of 173N · m. Matching the 1.8L engine is a 6-speed manual gearbox and an 8-speed S-CVT gearbox.

The new Corolla officially launched, priced 10.78-15 9,800 yuan

  According to official data, more than 8,000 orders have been placed for the new Corolla since May 18. This achievement has given FAW Toyota high hopes for the model and set a sales target of 20,000 units per month.