Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) national defense law

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress on March 14, 1997)　

According to the Decision on Amending Some Laws of the 10th Session of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee on August 27th, 2009.　

Revised at the 24th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on December 26th, 2020)

Catalogue

Chapter I General Principles

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Chapter III Armed Forces

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of building and consolidating national defense, ensuring the smooth progress of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Article 2 This Law is applicable to the military activities carried out by the state to guard against and resist aggression, stop armed subversion and division, and safeguard national sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests, as well as military-related political, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technological and educational activities.

Article 3 National defense is the security guarantee for the survival and development of the country.

The state strengthens the construction of armed forces, strengthens the defense construction in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, develops national defense scientific research and production, popularizes national defense education for the whole people, improves the national defense mobilization system, and realizes national defense modernization.

Article 4 National defense activities adhere to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s Thought of the New Era, implement the Supreme Leader’s Thought of Strengthening the Army, adhere to the overall concept of national security, implement the military strategic policy of the new era, and build a consolidated national defense and powerful armed force commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and development interests.

Article 5 The State exercises unified leadership over national defense activities.

Article 6 People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursues a defensive national defense policy, independently builds and consolidates national defense, actively defends and upholds national defense for all.

The state adheres to the coordinated, balanced and compatible development of economic construction and national defense construction, carries out national defense activities in accordance with the law, accelerates the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realizes the unification of enriching the country and strengthening the armed forces.

Article 7 It is the sacred duty of every citizen in People’s Republic of China (PRC) to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens should fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations should support and participate in national defense construction according to law, perform national defense duties and complete national defense tasks.

Article 8 The state and society respect and give preferential treatment to servicemen, safeguard their status and legitimate rights and interests, and carry out various forms of activities of supporting the army and giving priority to their families, so that servicemen can become a respected profession of the whole society.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force carried out activities to support the government and love the people, and consolidated the unity of the army, the government and the people.

Article 9 People’s Republic of China (PRC) actively promotes international military exchanges and cooperation, safeguards world peace and opposes acts of aggression and expansion.

Article 10 Organizations and individuals who have made contributions to national defense activities shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

Article 11 Any organization or individual that violates this Law and other relevant laws, refuses to perform national defense obligations or endangers national defense interests shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Public officials who abuse their powers, neglect their duties or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in national defense activities shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Organs

Article 12 The National People’s Congress decides on issues of war and peace in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and exercises other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the NPC Standing Committee decides to declare a state of war, decide on national general mobilization or partial mobilization, and exercise other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Article 13 In accordance with the decisions of the National People’s Congress and the NPC Standing Committee, President People’s Republic of China (PRC) declared a state of war, issued a mobilization order, and exercised other functions and powers in national defense as stipulated in the Constitution.

Fourteenth the State Council leadership and management of national defense construction, exercise the following functions and powers:

(a) the preparation of relevant development plans and plans for national defense construction;

(2) Formulating relevant policies and administrative regulations on national defense construction;

(3) to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(four) the management of national defense funds and national defense assets;

(five) to lead and manage the mobilization of the national economy and the construction and organization of civil air defense and national defense transportation;

(six) the leadership and management of yongjunyoushu work and retired military security work;

(7) Co-leading the construction of militia, conscription and management of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields with the Central Military Commission (CMC);

(eight) other functions and powers related to national defense construction as prescribed by law.

Article 15 the Central Military Commission (CMC) leads the national armed forces and exercises the following functions and powers:

(a) unified command of the national armed forces;

(2) to decide on the military strategy and the operational policy of the armed forces;

(three) to lead and manage the construction of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, formulate plans and organize their implementation;

(four) to submit a motion to the National People’s Congress or the NPC Standing Committee;

(5) To formulate military regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and laws;

(6) To decide on the system and establishment of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and to stipulate the tasks and responsibilities of the Central Military Commission (CMC) government departments, war zones, services and arms, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and other units;

(seven) in accordance with the provisions of laws and military regulations, the appointment and removal, training, assessment and reward and punishment of members of the armed forces;

(eight) to decide on the weapons and equipment system of the armed forces, formulate weapons and equipment development plans, and cooperate with the State Council to lead and manage national defense scientific research and production;

(nine) to manage national defense funds and national defense assets in conjunction with the State Council;

(ten) to lead and manage the mobilization and reserve work of the people’s armed forces;

(eleven) to organize international military exchanges and cooperation;

(twelve) other functions and powers as prescribed by law.

Article 16 the Central Military Commission (CMC) implements the chairman responsibility system.

Seventeenth the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC) to establish a coordination mechanism to solve major issues of national defense affairs.

The central state organs and the relevant departments of the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs may hold meetings according to the situation to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs.

Article 18 Local people’s congresses at various levels and the standing committees of local people’s congresses at or above the county level shall, within their respective administrative areas, ensure the observance and implementation of laws and regulations on national defense affairs.

Local people’s governments at various levels shall, within the limits of authority prescribed by law, administer the work of conscription, militia, mobilization of national economy, civil air defense, national defense transportation, protection of national defense facilities, and protection and preferential treatment of demobilized soldiers.

Article 19 Local people’s governments at all levels and resident military organs shall convene joint meetings of the military and the land as needed to coordinate and solve problems related to national defense affairs within their respective administrative areas.

The joint military-civilian meeting shall be convened jointly by the responsible persons of the local people’s governments and the resident military organs. The participants in the joint military-civilian meeting shall be determined by the convener.

Matters agreed upon at the joint meeting of the military and local authorities shall be handled by the local people’s government and the resident military organs according to their respective responsibilities and tasks, and major matters shall be reported to their superiors respectively.

Chapter III Armed Forces

Article 20 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) belong to the people. Its task is to consolidate national defense, resist aggression, defend the motherland, safeguard the people’s peaceful labor, participate in national construction, and serve the people wholeheartedly.

Article 21 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) organizations in the armed forces carry out their activities in accordance with Constitution of the Communist Party of China.

Article 22 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are composed of the China People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia.

The China People’s Liberation Army is composed of active and reserve forces. Its mission in the new era is to provide strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development. Active duty troops are the standing army of the country, mainly responsible for defensive operations and carrying out non-war military operations in accordance with regulations. The reserve forces shall conduct military training and carry out defensive operations and non-war military operations in accordance with regulations; According to the mobilization order issued by the state, the Central Military Commission (CMC) issued an order to be transferred to active service.

The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force is responsible for duty, handling social security emergencies, preventing and handling terrorist activities, maritime rights enforcement, emergency rescue and defensive operations, and other tasks entrusted by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

The militia, under the command of military organs, undertakes combat readiness, non-war military operations and defensive operations.

Article 23 The armed forces of People’s Republic of China (PRC) must abide by the Constitution and laws.

Article 24 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should adhere to the road of strengthening the army with China characteristics, strengthen the army with politics, reform, science and technology, strengthen the army with talents, manage the army according to law, strengthen military training, carry out political work, improve the level of security, comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organization, military personnel and weapons and equipment, build a modern combat system with China characteristics, comprehensively improve combat effectiveness, and strive to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era.

Article 25 The size of People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s armed forces should meet the needs of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests.

Article 26 Military service in People’s Republic of China (PRC) is divided into active service and reserve service. The service system for servicemen and reservists shall be prescribed by law.

The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force implement the rank system in accordance with the law.

Article 27 The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall practise a civilian personnel system in their designated posts.

Article 28 The flag and emblem of China People’s Liberation Army are the symbols and symbols of China People’s Liberation Army. The flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force are the symbols and symbols of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

Citizens and organizations shall respect the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.

The design, style and management measures for the flag and emblem of the China People’s Liberation Army and the flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

Article 29 The State prohibits any organization or individual from illegally establishing an armed organization, illegal armed activities and posing as a soldier or armed forces organization.

Chapter IV Defense in Frontier Defense, Coastal Defense, Air Defense and Other Major Security Fields

Article 30 People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s territorial land, waters and airspace are inviolable. The state builds strong and stable modern frontier defense, coastal defense and air defense, and adopts effective defense and management measures to safeguard the safety of territorial land, territorial waters and airspace and safeguard the national maritime rights and interests.

The state takes necessary measures to safeguard the safety of activities, assets and other interests in other major security fields such as space, electromagnetism and cyberspace.

Article 31 the Central Military Commission (CMC) shall exercise unified leadership over defense work in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields.

The central state organs, local people’s governments at various levels and relevant military organs shall, within the prescribed scope of functions and powers, be responsible for the management and defense of frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security areas in a division of labor, and jointly safeguard national security and interests.

Article 32 The state shall, according to the needs of defense in frontier defense, coastal defense, air defense and other major security fields, strengthen the construction of defense forces and build defense facilities such as operations, command, communications, measurement and control, navigation, protection, transportation and security. People’s governments at all levels and military organs shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, ensure the construction of national defense facilities and protect the safety of national defense facilities.

Chapter V National Defense Scientific Research, Production and Military Procurement

Article 33 The state establishes and improves the national defense science, technology and industry system, develops national defense scientific research and production, and provides the armed forces with weapons and equipment with advanced performance, reliable quality, complete supporting facilities, convenient operation and maintenance, and other applicable military materials to meet the needs of national defense.

Article 34 The national defense science, technology and industry shall follow the policy of combining military and civilian, combining peacetime and wartime, giving priority to military products, being driven by innovation, and being independent and controllable.

The state makes overall plans for the construction of national defense science, technology and industry, adheres to the principle of national leadership, division of labor and cooperation, professional support, openness and integration, and maintains the national defense scientific research and production capacity with appropriate scale and reasonable layout.

Article 35 The state makes full use of the superior resources of the whole society, promotes the progress of national defense science and technology, speeds up independent research and development of technology, gives full play to the leading role of high and new technologies in the development of weapons and equipment, increases technical reserves, improves the national defense intellectual property system, promotes the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements, promotes the sharing and collaborative innovation of scientific and technological resources, and improves the national defense scientific research capability and the technical level of weapons and equipment.

Article 36 The state creates favorable environment and conditions, strengthens the training of national defense science and technology talents, encourages and attracts outstanding talents to enter the field of national defense scientific research and production, and stimulates the innovative vitality of talents.

National defense science and technology workers should be respected by the whole society. The state gradually improves the treatment of national defense science and technology workers and protects their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 37 The State practices a military procurement system according to law to ensure the procurement and supply of weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services needed by the armed forces.

Article 38 The State exercises unified leadership and planned control over national defense scientific research and production. Pay attention to the role of market mechanism and promote fair competition in national defense scientific research and production and military procurement activities.

The state provides necessary guarantee conditions and preferential policies for organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement according to law. Local people’s governments at all levels shall provide assistance and support to organizations and individuals that undertake national defense scientific research and production tasks and accept military procurement according to law.

Organizations and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks and accepting military procurement should keep secrets, complete tasks in a timely and efficient manner, ensure quality and provide corresponding service guarantees.

The state implements a system of quality responsibility investigation for weapons and equipment, materials, projects and services supplied to the armed forces according to law.

Chapter VI National Defense Funds and National Defense Assets

Article 39 The state guarantees the necessary funds for national defense. The growth of national defense funds should be compatible with national defense demand and the level of national economic development.

National defense funds shall be subject to budget management according to law.

Article 40 The funds directly invested by the state for the construction of armed forces, national defense scientific research and production and other national defense construction, the allocated land and other resources, and the resulting weapons and equipment, equipment and facilities, materials and equipment, and technological achievements used for national defense purposes belong to national defense assets.

National defense assets belong to the state.

Article 41 The state shall, according to the needs of national defense and economic construction, determine the scale, structure and layout of national defense assets, and adjust and dispose of national defense assets.

The management institutions and units that possess and use national defense assets shall manage national defense assets according to law and give full play to their effectiveness.

Article 42 The state protects national defense assets from infringement and ensures the safety, integrity and effectiveness of national defense assets.

It is forbidden for any organization or individual to destroy, damage or occupy national defense assets. Without the approval of institutions authorized by the State Council, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), the possessor or user of national defense assets shall not change the use of national defense assets for national defense purposes. The technological achievements in national defense assets can be used for other purposes in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on the premise of adhering to national defense priority and ensuring safety.

The management organization of national defense assets or the units that possess and use national defense assets that are no longer used for national defense purposes shall, in accordance with the provisions, submit for approval, and use them for other purposes or dispose of them according to law.

Chapter VII National Defense Education

Article 43 Through national defense education, the state enables all citizens to enhance their sense of national defense, strengthen their sense of hardship, master national defense knowledge, improve their national defense skills, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, and fulfill their national defense obligations according to law.

Popularizing and strengthening national defense education is the common responsibility of the whole society.

Article 44 National defense education adheres to the principle of participation by the whole people, long-term persistence and practical results, and implements the principles of combining regular education with centralized education, combining universal education with key education, and combining theoretical education with behavioral education.

Forty-fifth national defense education departments should strengthen the organization and management of national defense education, and other relevant departments should do a good job in national defense education in accordance with the prescribed responsibilities.

Military organs shall support relevant organs and organizations to carry out national defense education and provide relevant facilities according to law.

All state organs, armed forces, political parties, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall organize their own regions, departments and units to carry out national defense education.

National defense education in schools is the basis of national defense education for all. Schools at all levels and types should set up appropriate national defense education courses, or increase the content of national defense education in relevant courses. Ordinary institutions of higher learning and high school schools shall organize military training for students in accordance with regulations.

Public officials should actively participate in national defense education, improve national defense literacy, and play an exemplary role in national defense education for all.

Forty-sixth people’s governments at all levels should incorporate national defense education into the national economic and social development plan to ensure the funds needed for national defense education.

Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War

Article 47 When People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security and development interests are threatened, the state shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, carry out national general mobilization or partial mobilization.

Article 48 The State shall incorporate the preparations for national defense mobilization into the overall national development plan and plan, improve the national defense mobilization system, enhance the national defense mobilization potential and enhance the national defense mobilization capability.

Article 49 The State establishes a strategic material reserve system. Strategic material reserves should be of moderate scale, safe storage, convenient call and regular replacement to ensure wartime needs.

Article 50 Relevant departments of the national defense mobilization leading bodies, central state organs and the Central Military Commission (CMC) organs shall organize the preparation and implementation of national defense mobilization in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

All state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other organizations and citizens must complete preparations for national defense mobilization in accordance with the law; After the mobilization order is issued by the state, the required national defense mobilization task must be completed.

Article 51 The state may, according to the needs of national defense mobilization, expropriate and requisition the equipment, facilities, means of transportation, places and other property of organizations and individuals according to law.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, give fair and reasonable compensation for the direct economic losses caused by the expropriation and requisition.

Article 52 The state declares a state of war in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and adopts various measures to concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to lead all citizens to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

Article 53 It is the glorious duty of People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens to perform military service and join militia organizations in accordance with the law.

Military service organs at all levels and people’s armed institutions at the grass-roots level shall handle military service according to law, complete conscription tasks according to the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), and ensure the quality of soldiers. Relevant state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall complete the militia and reserve work in accordance with the law and assist in the task of conscription.

Article 54 Enterprises, institutions and individuals undertaking national defense scientific research and production tasks or accepting military procurement shall provide weapons and equipment or materials, projects and services that meet quality standards as required.

Enterprises, institutions and individuals shall, in accordance with state regulations, implement national defense requirements in construction projects closely related to national defense and safeguard the needs of national defense construction and military operations according to law. The management and operation units of transportation facilities such as stations, ports, airports and roads shall provide priority services for the passage of military personnel, military vehicles and ships, and give preferential treatment in accordance with regulations.

Article 55 Citizens shall receive national defense education.

Citizens and organizations shall protect national defense facilities and shall not destroy or endanger them.

Citizens and organizations shall abide by the confidentiality provisions, and shall not disclose state secrets in national defense, and shall not illegally hold secret documents, materials and other secret articles in national defense.

Article 56 Citizens and organizations shall support national defense construction and provide convenience or other assistance for military training, combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations of the armed forces.

The state encourages and supports qualified citizens and enterprises to invest in national defense, protects the legitimate rights and interests of investors and gives preferential policies according to law.

Article 57 Citizens and organizations have the right to make suggestions on national defense construction and to stop or report acts endangering national defense interests.

Article 58 Militia, reservists and other citizens shall perform their duties and obligations when they participate in military training according to law and undertake tasks such as combat readiness, defensive operations and non-war military operations. The state and society ensure that they enjoy corresponding treatment, and give them preferential treatment in accordance with relevant regulations.

Citizens and organizations that suffer direct economic losses due to national defense construction and military activities may receive compensation in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter X Obligations and Rights and Interests of Soldiers

Fifty-ninth soldiers must be loyal to the motherland, loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC), perform their duties, fight bravely, not afraid of sacrifice, and defend the security, honor and interests of the motherland.

Article 60 Soldiers must abide by the Constitution and laws in an exemplary manner, observe military regulations, execute orders and strictly observe discipline.

Article 61 Soldiers should carry forward the fine traditions of the people’s army, love and protect the people, take an active part in socialist modernization and complete tasks such as emergency rescue and disaster relief.

Article 62 Soldiers should be respected by the whole society.

The state establishes a military meritorious honor recognition system.

The state takes effective measures to protect the honor and personal dignity of military personnel, and provides special protection for the marriage of military personnel in accordance with the law.

The behavior of military personnel performing their duties according to law is protected by law.

Article 63 The state and society give preferential treatment to servicemen.

The state establishes a military treatment guarantee system that is compatible with military occupation and coordinated with the development of national economy.

Article 64 The state establishes a security system for retired military personnel, properly arranges retired military personnel and safeguards their legitimate rights and interests.

Article 65 The state and society give preferential treatment to disabled soldiers and give special protection to disabled soldiers’s life and medical care according to law.

After disabled soldiers, who was disabled or sick due to war or duty, retired from active service, the people’s governments at or above the county level shall promptly receive resettlement and ensure that his life is not lower than the local average living standard.

Article 66 The state and society give preferential treatment to families of servicemen, and give preferential treatment to families of martyrs and families of servicemen who died in the line of duty.

Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations

Article 67 People’s Republic of China (PRC) adheres to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, maintains the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, adheres to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, promotes the building of a community of human destiny, independently handles foreign military relations, and conducts military exchanges and cooperation.

Article 68 People’s Republic of China (PRC) follows the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, uses its armed forces in accordance with relevant national laws to protect the safety of citizens, organizations, institutions and facilities in China overseas, participates in United Nations peacekeeping, international rescue, maritime escort, joint training, combating terrorism and other activities, fulfills its international security obligations and safeguards the country’s overseas interests.

Article 69 People’s Republic of China (PRC) supports the military-related activities carried out by the international community that are conducive to maintaining world and regional peace, security and stability, supports the efforts made by the international community for the fair and reasonable settlement of international disputes and international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, participates in multilateral dialogue and negotiations in the security field, and promotes the formulation of universally accepted, fair and reasonable international rules.

Article 70 In its foreign military relations, People’s Republic of China (PRC) abides by relevant treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to with foreign countries and international organizations.

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Article 71 The term "serviceman" as mentioned in this Law refers to officers, non-commissioned officers, conscripts and other personnel serving in the China People’s Liberation Army.

The provisions of this Law concerning soldiers shall apply to the People’s Armed Police.

Article 72 The defense of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region shall be stipulated by the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region and relevant laws.

Article 73 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2021.

Disclaimer: This article was originally published in the 8th issue of Party History Expo in 2016, and was published by communist party News Network of China authorized by Party History Expo magazine. Please do not reprint.

one

In October 1950, Qamdo was liberated. In February 1951, the local government of Xizang sent Ngapoi Ngawangjigme to Beijing for peace talks, and signed the Agreement between the Central People’s Government and the local government of Xizang on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang (the "Seventeen-Article Agreement") on May 23rd.

The Party Committee of the 18th Army, headed by the commander Zhang Guohua and the political commissar Tan Guansan, followed the instructions of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Southwest Military Region, and formed an advance detachment of more than 300 Tibetan and Han comrades, with Wang Qimei, deputy political commissar of the 18th Army, as commander and political commissar, Chen Jingbo as chief of staff, Gu Caoping as deputy chief of staff and Lin Liang as director of the political department. Ngapoi Ngawangjigme, chief representative of Xizang local government, and his wife Ngapoi Caidan Zhuoga are traveling with the advance detachment of Tibet. The tasks of the advance detachment in Tibet are: to take the lead and create conditions for the main force to enter Xizang; Publicize the party’s ethnic and religious policies in an exemplary manner, and publicize and implement the "17-Article Agreement" in an exemplary manner. The advance detachment of Tibet started from Qamdo on July 25, 1951 and arrived in Lhasa on September 9, which lasted more than 40 days and traveled more than 2,000 kilometers. The author also joined the advance detachment of Tibet with her husband Wang Qimei.

Before departure, all the officers and men of the advance detachment in Tibet carefully studied the "17-Article Agreement", the relevant instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau and the political mobilization order for marching into Xizang jointly issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Southwest Bureau, Southwest Military Region and the Second Field Army Command. The mobilization order called for: "All commanders and combatants who marched into the army and all Communist party member should carry forward their infinite loyalty to the revolutionary cause, deeply understand the great political significance of marching into Xizang, make full preparations ideologically, organizationally and at work, carry forward the glorious tradition of the people’s army’s heroic and tenacious struggle, carry forward the spirit of class friendship of unity and mutual assistance, and resolutely complete the task of marching into Xizang."

two

From Qamdo to Lhasa, we have to cross the Hengduan Mountains, the Lancang River, the Nujiang River and other rivers. The roads we pass through are rugged, sparsely populated, ice and snow, and the air is thin. At that time, there was no detailed map of Xizang, and the road conditions were not clear, so the advance team in Tibet could only explore and move forward.

Here, only the fragments of the advance detachment entering Tibet passing through the "poor eight stops" are described:

From Changdu to Lhasa, Xizang local government has set up 24 post stations along the way. The masses call it "eight stops poor, eight stops rich, and eight stops neither poor nor rich". On August 13, 1951, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Charansondo, arrived in Ojug, rested for two days, and then went on to enter the "poor eight stations". Because the conditions of the "poor eight stations" are extremely difficult, and there is a lack of food and grass, the command of the advance detachment into Tibet divides the troops into three echelons. About 55 kilometers from Arendo to Rendo, it is full of virgin forests and deep mountain canyons, and it has to go through a dangerous plank road. There are cliffs on one side, cliffs more than 20 feet deep on the other, and rushing rapids below. The road is only one or two feet wide. In many places, only a few pieces of wood are placed on the cliffs in mid-air, and each section is one or two feet long. Some plank roads are in disrepair, and the wood has rotted or loosened. There are also some slopes that are steep and steep, and the people in front of the troops are like walking on the heads of the people behind them. They walk and stand for a while and move very slowly.

On August 19th, the advance detachment of Tibet set out from Renduo and completely entered the area without firewood. At the foot of Nugongla Mountain, there is a place called Duodong. It is said that there used to be two or three families. For some reason, the houses were burned down and the residents moved into the deep mountains. Before the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, the local people heard that the People’s Liberation Army had implemented the "17-Article Agreement" and had to pass through here to March into Lhasa, and they all came back automatically. They and several families in nearby villages took the initiative to form a transport team, cut firewood from the mountains more than 70 miles away, and transported it to the roadside with yaks to support the PLA. When the advance detachment arrived in Tibet, it found firewood supported by the masses in the ruins, and everyone was deeply moved by the enthusiastic support of the Tibetan people.

On the 20th, the advance detachment of Tibet crossed Nugongla Mountain. This is a veritable rocky mountain, 5 kilometers up and 5 kilometers down, all of which are stone roads. Only the gurgling sound of running water in the mountains seems to be boiling, but there is no running water. People must be very careful when walking on the rugged rocky road. When the troops were approaching the top of the mountain, a soldier in his twenties suddenly fainted. He was short of breath, trembling all over, and his face was livid, while his gun, backpack and dry food bag were still on his back. When Comrade Wang Qimei learned about it, he immediately followed the cavalry to the scene of the accident, asked the guards to take down the soldier’s things as soon as possible, untied his neckline, helped him onto his horse, and sent him down the mountain.

After going down the mountain, there is still a long way to go from the campsite. Because there was no firewood in the campsite, everyone took a bundle of firewood supported by the masses when they passed the herdsmen’s tent in the Zhuka pasture, and then headed for the campsite. The climate on the plateau is really like a naughty child, moody. After a while, the scorching sun was on the head, and the sun made people dizzy; After a while, the rainstorm poured down, drenching people like a drowned rat. The troops were marching, and suddenly a strong wind came with dark clouds, and a hail hit everyone’s heads and bodies violently. People can’t walk, so they have to stand on the road, cover their heads with backpacks and firewood, and accept the relentless hail attack. About half an hour later, the hail passed and we continued to March. The troops camped in a meadow 2.5 kilometers west of Mozhuka. Comrades in each class perform their duties according to the specific division of labor before departure. Some set up tents, some cook in pots, and some release their horses in an orderly way. Leading comrades called the relevant personnel of the department, the government and the post-March to report the day’s March, sum up experience, and study and arrange the tasks for the next day. Unexpectedly, before the rice was cooked, the hail suddenly came again, and the wind roared, blowing the tent like a boat on a rough wave, swaying. If the iron piles were not firmly laid and the ropes were strong, the tent might be blown away. Hail rattled the grass, tents and iron pots, as if playing a large symphony. That night, the wind blew out the lights in the tent, and the hail put out the fire under the cooker. A pot of uncooked rice was soaked in hail and rain. A thick layer of hail on the ground filled up the drainage ditch dug around the tent. After a day of marching,极为疲劳和饥饿，但因为冰雹、狂风捣乱，结果连热饭也没吃成，仅吃了几口糌粑，就摸黑睡觉了。

三

进藏先遣支队经过艰难的行程，于1951年9月5日到达拉萨东郊的达孜。其时，张经武同志作为中央人民政府和毛主席的代表，绕道印度，已先于我们到达拉萨。张代表派乐于泓和李天柱同志前来看望进藏先遣支队。

9月9日，进藏先遣支队进入拉萨并举行了隆重的入城仪式。全体指战员身着草绿色呢子军服，排成长队，几名年轻的战士抬着毛主席、朱总司令的画像走在队伍前列，继而是军乐队和腰鼓队。拉萨主要街道上红旗飘扬，军乐齐鸣，进藏先遣支队的指战员们个个精神焕发，队列整齐，气势雄壮。西藏地方政府搭起彩色帐篷，并派西藏地方政府和谈代表成员凯墨·索南旺堆、柳霞·土登塔巴率文武官员、僧俗各界代表前来欢迎。僧俗藏胞身穿节日盛装，倾城而出，古城拉萨呈现出一片欢乐景象。进藏先遣支队领导人和噶厦的主要官员互献哈达。王其梅等先遣支队领导按照西藏的民族风俗，到各大寺庙发放布施，拜会达赖喇嘛和寺庙僧侣、政府官员等各界知名人士。西藏上层爱国人士也行回拜和宴请。

On October 26th, 1951, the commander of Zhang Guohua and the political commissar of Tan Guansan led the main force of the 18th Army to Lhasa, which opened a new chapter in Tibetan history.

(Wang Xianmei was born in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province in 1924. He joined the revolution in March 1938 and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the same year. He used to be the director of the office of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of the Ministry of Light Industry. Died in 2009)

Channel selection

Understanding the Long March from Mao Zedong’s Poems

Long serial "Long March"

Reviewing the Long March Story —— Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Red Army’s Long March Victory

Xi Zhongxun’s Past Events Before the Founding of New China

The Mystery of "Missing" on the Long March in Chen Yun

Mao Zedong’s trip to the Yellow River

General and Wizards-Legend of Xu Xiangqian

　　Core reading

　　Not long ago, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions on flood control and disaster relief, requiring relevant departments to accurately guide key areas to do disaster prevention work such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, dangers in small and medium-sized reservoirs and urban waterlogging, and spare no effort to rescue and provide disaster relief. All localities and departments pay close attention to the floods of small and medium-sized rivers and the safety of small and medium-sized reservoirs, and implement preventive measures to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　At present, China has officially entered the critical period of "seven downs and eight highs" flood control, and many places have entered the main flood season. Since the flood season, China has experienced 18 times of heavy rainfall, and 271 rivers in 21 provinces have experienced floods exceeding the police. The rainy areas are mainly concentrated in the central northeast, the eastern northwest, the southwestern part of North China, the western part of Huanghuai, the eastern part of Jianghuai and the northwestern part of Hubei.

　　It is predicted that during the period of "Seven Downs and Eight Ups", there will be more extreme weather and climate events, and regional floods, droughts, high temperature and heat waves will be more important. How to prevent disasters such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, dangers in small and medium-sized reservoirs and urban waterlogging? How to make up the short board? The reporter conducted an interview.

　　Grab early and grab small to deal with floods in small and medium-sized rivers.

　　In 4 hours, the rainwater converged from the Simian mountain slope, and the water level of the Qijiang River rose sharply. At the beginning of July, the "No.1 flood of the Qijiang River in 2023" was formed. "The floods in small and medium-sized rivers form quickly and the test is not small." Du Na, director of the Hydrology and Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Center in Qijiang District of Chongqing, said.

　　Forecasts and warnings run ahead, winning the initiative for flood control. "After receiving the weather forecast and the warning of rising water risk in advance, we will transmit the early warning information to 70 villages in the first time. The person in charge of monitoring and early warning and the person in charge of transfer and resettlement will arrive at their posts in time to investigate potential risks and prepare emergency materials in advance. " Duna introduced.

　　Chongqing has rugged mountains and developed water systems, and small and medium-sized rivers are the focus of flood control. This year, Chongqing has defined the "four responsible persons" of the people’s government for flood control and flood fighting in 104 mountainous rivers, such as the chief executive, the competent department, the township and village river chiefs, and the patrol and management, and made every effort to ensure flood control safety.

　　Small and medium-sized rivers have many points and a wide range. How to prevent floods? "There are about 10,000 small and medium-sized rivers in China. These rivers have small areas, fast confluence and sudden floods. At the same time, the flood control standard is low, the forecasting and early warning system is lacking, and many factors are superimposed, making small and medium-sized rivers a high-risk area for floods. " Zuo Qiting, a professor at Zhengzhou University School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, introduced.

　　Take multiple measures to ensure flood control safety. Yao Wenguang, director of the Department of Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that before the flood season, the water conservancy department carried out all-round inspections on river flood discharge, dike safety, and plan preparation, highlighting the river-related risks such as blocking backwater of bridges and culverts across ditches and silting of ditches, and urging all localities to improve plans and eliminate hidden dangers. During the flood season, we should adhere to the rolling forecast and early warning, improve the "call-to-answer" mechanism, and urge water conservancy departments at all levels to strengthen inspection and duty, and preset rescue forces, materials and equipment to ensure that dangerous situations can be found, reported and disposed of in time.

　　All localities heard of the "flood" and moved to implement various measures in detail. Hubei province has improved the early warning "call-and-answer" mechanism that integrates pre-response and goes directly to the front line to ensure that information reaches people. Jiangsu Province has completed the compilation of early warning response mechanism schemes for nine important flood channels, such as Sanhe Sluice and Huaihe River Inlet Channel, to ensure the flood safety of small and medium rivers.

　　"In the long run, it is necessary to coordinate emergency response and long-term planning." Zuo Qiting introduced that it is suggested to further strengthen the system management of small and medium-sized rivers, coordinate the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main tributaries, scientifically formulate plans, carry out system management, promote dike reinforcement, dredging, water system connectivity, hardening and beautification, etc., and improve the overall flood control capacity. Next, the Ministry of Water Resources and related areas will speed up the pace of governance, giving priority to the implementation of river sections with cities at or above the county level, important towns and relatively concentrated populations along the river.

　　Compacting responsibility to ensure the safety of small and medium-sized reservoirs in flood season

　　At present, more than 98,000 reservoirs of various types have been built in China, which is of great responsibility to ensure the safety of reservoirs during flood season.

　　There are 4 medium-sized reservoirs and 26 small reservoirs in Wu ‘an City, Hebei Province, at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. The mountain is high and steep, and the source is short and the current is urgent. Once it encounters a rainstorm, the water level of the reservoir rises and falls sharply. "When the inspection is in place, I have a bottom in my heart." Huo Hongjun, a staff member of Shangkou Reservoir, said, "The reservoir operates at a water level below the flood limit. We have comprehensively overhauled the power generation tunnel, flood discharge tunnel, generator set and early warning equipment, and inspected key parts twice a day to ensure foolproof."

　　The "three responsible persons" of administration, technology and inspection must all be in place, and the key parts of the reservoir such as spillway and drainage facilities and the preparation of protective measures should be comprehensively investigated. In principle, all dangerous reservoirs will run empty during the main flood season … … A series of measures protect the reservoir from flood. "The key to reservoir flood control is prevention. When the responsibility goes to people, measures can be put in place. " Yao Wenguang said that when the reservoir stores and discharges flood, all personnel in the flood threat area should be transferred immediately. When the reservoir is in danger, it should be handled in time, and the personnel within the affected area should be transferred in advance to ensure the safety of people’s lives.

　　All localities should actively explore according to local conditions. Hubei Province requires that the responsible persons of dangerous reservoirs and reservoirs with high water level should be on duty at the dam during heavy rainfall. At present, the monitoring platform of Jingchu Reservoir has conducted telephone spot checks on more than 7,000 people and sent more than 18,000 early warning messages. Guizhou province pays special attention to the 24-hour patrol duty of dangerous reservoirs and reservoirs under construction, and requires that the reservoirs under construction should not be impounded without water storage acceptance.

　　Small reservoirs need extra vigilance during flood season. Zuo Qiting introduced that there are about 94,000 small reservoirs in China, accounting for over 95% of the total number of reservoirs. Small reservoirs have some problems, such as early construction time, low standard, unclear ownership and imperfect management. On the one hand, improve engineering measures, promote the reinforcement of small reservoirs and improve infrastructure. On the other hand, strengthen the construction of non-engineering system, strengthen forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and pre-planning measures, and ensure that someone is in charge, can rescue and can transfer in case of danger.

　　This year, the Ministry of Water Resources has implemented 128 large and medium-sized and 3,500 small dangerous reservoirs in an orderly manner, and basically completed the construction of rainwater forecasting facilities and dam safety monitoring facilities for small reservoirs before the flood season.

　　Precise policy to prevent urban waterlogging

　　In the middle of the night of July 6, Guangshui City, Hubei Province suffered from heavy rainfall and accumulated water in many parts of the city. Assemble teams, check hidden dangers and control traffic … … Up to now, Hubei has dispatched 18,000 emergency response forces and more than 2,800 equipment and vehicles, effectively ensuring the safety of urban operation during heavy rainfall.

　　In recent years, various regions and departments have intensified their efforts and made positive progress in urban waterlogging control, but there are also problems such as insufficient natural storage space and lagging drainage facilities. "Especially with the acceleration of urbanization, infrastructure such as high-rise buildings, roads and squares has changed the underlying surface to a great extent, and the formation time of urban waterlogging is fast, the flood peak flow is large, and the prevention is more difficult." Zuo Qiting said.

　　It is the key to prevent urban waterlogging and identify the risk points. The Ministry of Water Resources requires that urban flood control should be placed in the river basin flood control system, and the "four preparations" for forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and plan should be done well, and the measures of "refusing, bypassing and discharging" should be implemented. Hubei focused on urban main roads and drainage canals in waterlogging-prone sections, overhauled and maintained the facilities of drainage pumping stations in 463 cities, and timely rectified 278 waterlogging-prone points; Jiangsu has completed the renovation of 255 urban flood-prone areas (points).

　　Urban waterlogging should not only be prevented, but also treated. Zuo Qiting introduced, discharging, stagnation, infiltration and storage, and making full efforts. Arrange the drainage pumping station and other equipment, unblock the backbone drainage channel, let the accumulated water be discharged and the flood flow away; Increase urban green space and build a sponge city to allow rainwater to seep down; Keep the urban wetlands well, improve the rainwater storage facilities, and let the rainwater have a place to store.

　　"Urban construction should find a way for floods." Zuo Qiting introduced that rivers, lakes and reservoirs are natural flood storage places, and rivers are natural flood passages. The concept of green development runs through the whole process of urban planning and construction, and production, living and ecological space are rationally arranged, taking a connotative, intensive and green high-quality development path.

　　Coordinator of this issue: Guo Yue

Since the winter of last year, affected by many factors, such as abnormal climate, the global animal avian influenza epidemic has been on the rise, affecting nearly 40 countries and regions in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Our reporter learned from the National Health and Family Planning Commission that the number of cases of H7N9 epidemic (human avian influenza) in China has increased, and most of them are distributed in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions. Contact with infected poultry or exposure to the live poultry market is an important risk factor for human infection. There is evidence that the virus can’t spread widely among people. From February 6 to 12, 2017, 69 cases of H7N9 were reported nationwide, with 8 deaths. At present, the number of new cases is on the decline. Experts predict that there will still be sporadic case reports in mainland China in the near future. Regarding H7N9, the National Health and Family Planning Commission summarized the following knowledge points:

1. What is the H7N9 epidemic?

The H7N9 epidemic is caused by H7N9 virus. Since the first case of human infection with H7N9 was discovered in East China in 2013, seasonal epidemics have occurred in winter and spring every year.

2. What are the main clinical manifestations of 2.H7N9 cases?

The incubation period is usually less than 7 days, or as long as 10 days. Pneumonia is the main clinical manifestation. Patients often have fever, cough and expectoration, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, diarrhea or vomiting. Severe patients’ condition develops rapidly, and severe pneumonia occurs in 3~7 days after onset. Most of them have a temperature above 39℃, and they have difficulty breathing, which may be accompanied by hemoptysis and phlegm. It often progresses rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A small number of patients can be mild, only showing symptoms of fever with upper respiratory tract infection. The early onset of H7N9 cases has no specific manifestations, and it is difficult to diagnose and treat early. The treatment effect of severe cases in the later stage is poor and the mortality rate is high. At present, the overall mortality rate of reported cases is about 40%.

3. How does the 3.H7N9 virus spread?

The most important risk factor for human infection with H7N9 virus is direct or indirect exposure to the environment polluted by infected live birds or infected birds. There is no evidence that H7N9 virus can be transmitted to humans through properly handled poultry or eggs. In addition, eating cooked food will not infect H7N9 virus. There is no evidence that H7N9 virus can continue to be "human-to-human".

4. Who are the high-risk people infected with H7N9 virus?

Mainly retirees, housework and unemployed people, rural people; Mostly middle-aged and elderly people; Most cases have basic diseases; The vast majority of cases had contact with live poultry before onset or had been to markets where live poultry were sold. People engaged in non-scale and non-standardized poultry breeding, selling and slaughtering have more opportunities to be exposed to infected poultry, and the risk of infection is higher.

5. Is there a vaccine to prevent the disease? Can seasonal influenza vaccine prevent H7N9?

There is currently no vaccine available to prevent H7N9 virus infection. Seasonal influenza vaccine does not prevent H7N9 influenza.

6. How can we reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths of H7N9?

The use of antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), has the best effect as soon as possible after onset. The clinic of comprehensive patients by medical staff

Bed manifestations and suspicious exposure history, suspected of being infected with H7N9 virus, antiviral drugs should be used as soon as possible, without waiting for the results of pathogen detection, so as to reduce the possibility of patients progressing to severe disease.

7. Will the epidemic get worse?

According to the epidemic law in the past, the number of cases will decrease obviously after the Spring Festival every year, and it will be at a low level until the end of April. At present, the upward trend of the epidemic has been contained.

8. Can poultry be eaten at present?

Birds such as chickens and ducks can be bought and eaten, but they must be eaten safely. First, we should pay attention to avoid direct purchase of live birds, direct contact with live birds and self-slaughter of live birds; Second, don’t buy live birds from mobile vendors; The third is to remind the elderly, especially those with basic diseases and poor physical fitness, to avoid or reduce contact with live birds as much as possible.

9. What preventive suggestions do experts have?

Try to avoid contact with live birds, let alone dead birds, and do personal protection. You can choose to buy chilled and chilled poultry products. Pay attention to separate raw and cooked food when cooking, and cook it thoroughly. If you have symptoms such as fever, headache, stuffy nose, cough and general malaise, you should wear a mask, see a doctor as soon as possible, and take the initiative to tell the doctor whether you have been in contact with poultry. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. ▲

Ada’s high fork is cheating
　

　　Ada, a popular anchor known as "the sexiest female anchor", has become the favorite of many fashion magazines because of her graceful figure and unique personality. A few days ago, Ada shot a set of photos of western customs for a fashion magazine. Ada, riding on a saddle with a whip in his hand, changed his usual pure and lovely image, with a cold expression and rich body language, and perfectly interpreted a sexy and undercurrent visual blockbuster.

　　Ada, who is dignified, humorous or cute in front of the stage, once under the camera lens and spotlight, will have a perfect turn of surprise performance. Recently, Ada shot the latest blockbusters for Esquire and GQ Wisdom respectively, showing the sexy temptation of attractive women, which is exciting.

　　Qi Liu Hai, baby face and a pair of flashing electric eyes, this is Ada. She is not only a sweet and lovely LOLI girl, but also a sexy girl with a proud figure and bold position. She is an enchanting and charming alternative "Sun Shangxiang" coming out of the Chinese style, and she is also a master dancer who has gone through five customs and killed six generals. On the stage, she is young, fashionable and dazzling. In private, she dresses casually and likes to shop and eat roadside stalls. Sometimes whimsical and seemingly heartless crazy girl, in fact, she is strong-willed and hard-working, and is the pillar of the whole family. Ada, known as the anchor of China’s new generation of popular beauties, is such an elusive post-80s wizard.

More wonderful photos on the next page

Legend of Xuanyuan Huangdi

Representative projects of municipal intangible cultural heritage

The legend of Xuanyuan Huangdi is a legend about Xuanyuan Huangdi, the "ancestor of humanity" in China, which is widely spread in Pinggu area based on the tomb hill of Shandong Zhuang village in Shandong Zhuang town and its nearby Xuanyuan Temple. Typical legends include The Legend of Hanquan War and The Story of the Dragon Lying.

The legend of the Yellow Emperor in Xuanyuan is not only a long and rich witness in Beijing, but also expresses the memory and reverence of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor for their ancestors.

Renyi Hutong Legend

Representative projects of municipal intangible cultural heritage

The legend of Renyi Hutong is based on Renyi Hutong in Heping Street Village, Pinggu Town, Pinggu District. The story originated in the Ming Dynasty, when the Jin family and Ni family separated by a wall had a dispute because of the collapse of the courtyard wall after the rain. In the end, each family gave way to a wall to form a five-foot wide alley, which provided convenience for pedestrians.

The spirit of humility and comity contained in the legend of Renyi Hutong has been widely circulated among the people and has influenced it to this day.

Beixinzhuang village stilt yangko

Representative projects of municipal intangible cultural heritage

The stilt yangko in Beixinzhuang Village is a folk flower show in Beixinzhuang Village, Wangxinzhuang Town, Pinggu District. It was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and it is an art form that combines traditional dances and folk songs in northern rural areas. Twelve stilt performers play different roles, hold different props, and perform different dance moves because of their different characters. The folk name is "Twelve demon fairy", which shows the life of Yu Qiao.

The stilt yangko music in Beixinzhuang village has some Buddhist music rhythms in the local yangko tunes, which has the characteristics of ancient style and rhyme. His representative works include heavenly god blesses the people and Five Ha Ha.

　 　Since its launch in 2020, Haval Big Dog has opened up a new category of SUV with "3/4 scale" and "light off-road" in the market. The two "locks" of the four-wheel drive model are composed of a central limited slip differential and a rear axle electronically controlled mechanical jaw differential lock, which can realize 100% torque output between wheels on both sides of the rear axle.

　Intelligent electronic control 4-drive system can operate at -40℃— In the extreme environment of 120℃, millisecond torque distribution response, intelligent and dynamic torque distribution characteristics, instantaneous response with the change of vehicle working conditions, and improvement of vehicle driving comfort and flexibility. In 2024, Haval Big Dog was upgraded to eight driving modes, adding grass/gravel and concave-convex road modes, which allowed driving to cover multiple scenes and easily cross complex road conditions such as country roads, rugged mountain roads and river valleys and streams.　　

　 　 　 On the basis of continuing the classic square shape of Harvard Big Dog in design, the 2024 Harvard Big Dog is optimized in details to inject a more agile atmosphere into the new car. The newly designed "Eye of the Earth" round LED headlights give people a deeper impression. The newly designed "Sky Light" penetrating rear taillight has a more integrated design. "Shield of the Rock" through air intake grille takes the rock as the core, and cooperates with the brand-new standard, and the middle net and headlights are integrated.

　 　 　The 2024 Haval Big Dog is still equipped with two power combinations for consumers to choose from. The latest generation of 2.0T engine is matched with the 9DCT wet dual-clutch gearbox developed by Great Wall. The maximum power is increased to 175kW and the maximum torque is increased to 385 N m.

　　The 1.5T version of the 2024 Haval Dog adopts the power combination of 1.5GDIT engine and 7 DCT wet powershift. The maximum power of the 1.5T engine is 135kW, and the peak torque of generate is 275N·m at 1500rpm. 7DCT wet powershift controls more smoothly and shifts more quickly.

　 The 2024 Harvard Big Dog has also been improved in its intelligent configuration. The newly added driving mode memory function can keep the driving mode before the vehicle is turned off after starting the vehicle. The multifunctional exterior rearview mirror has the functions of heating, automatic folding and lighting, which is more convenient to operate. Optional HWA high-speed driving assistance function, with intelligent cruise, changing lanes by shifting lever, overtaking (changing lanes by pressing speed), intelligent assistance package and other functional highlights.

　　Image data of Siberian tiger

　　The reporter learned from the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Heilongjiang Province that since the Amur tiger was discovered in the field survey conducted in Arctic Village National Nature Reserve (administrative area is Mohe) of Daxinganling Forestry Group Company in Heilongjiang Province on December 29, 2021, the Forestry and Grass Bureau of Heilongjiang Province continued to monitor the Amur tiger in Daxinganling area. On May 30, 2023, two camera sites were found in the recycled infrared camera to monitor and obtain the image data of the Amur tiger.

　　Schematic diagram of the activity points of Northeast Tiger discovered twice

　　According to the survey of precious wildlife resources in Heilongjiang Province from 1974 to 1976, the Amur tiger was extinct in Daxing ‘anling, and it was found again in December 2021. After tracking the footprint and collecting feces, it was identified as a female Amur tiger. After one and a half years of monitoring, a large number of images of the Amur tiger and its prey were obtained in this area, indicating that this area may have become an important habitat for the discovered Amur tiger, and it also shows that the habitat of the Amur tiger in China has been further expanded, which is of great significance for the protection and restoration of the Amur tiger population in China. (Headquarters reporter Yu Wenbo)

　　As a 6.2 V8 supercharged car, Hellcat can burst out with 704 horsepower. The sound of generate with large displacement and the howling of supercharged car will push your body against the backrest. I believe not many people can refuse the pleasure brought by this high horsepower. Tips: Don’t believe that low price and reliable price are more important. Manager Zhang’s telephone number is 17695561666 (same as WeChat)

　　In terms of car lifting: we have consulted professionals about regional restrictions and maintenance, and the license is guaranteed nationwide. There is no regional restriction, and we can borrow money to buy a car. Friends who like cars can add their own WeChat. The WeChat circle of friends updates a large number of new parallel imported cars every day, including configuration, quotation, pictures, and the market situation of parallel imported cars in Tianjin Port. If you have any questions about buying a car, I will answer them for you at the first time. Search the mobile phone number below to read the news of various parallel imported cars, so that you have a variety of choices. Remarks: My quotation may not be the lowest in Hong Kong, but after the sale of my quotation, there will never be any compulsory consumption and unreasonable requirements. Be honest, do things seriously, a gentleman loves money, get it right, cooperate once, serve for life, and trust will start from this moment. I hope that every car you buy is because you like it, not because it is cheap. Introduction of Tianjin Baican Automobile Customization Center: Our company sells American, Middle East, Chinese, European, Mexican and Canadian models, and can provide the official goods import certificate and vehicle conformity certificate issued by the state-recognized customs, and the on-board inspection sheet and official invoice of imported motor vehicles, which have been settled in all regions of China.

　　I believe this color combination will also be recognized by many fans. The first use of this color was on the commemorative version of the Challenger’s 50th anniversary this year.

　　This special color also includes: Hellrasin, Sinamon, Stick and Frostbite. There are some other adjustments for the 2022 challenger. Surrounded by R/T Scat-packed shock absorbers and T/A 391 wide body, GT AWD is now a standard 20-inch wheel. SRT Hellcat also installed the brakes of Brembo of Redeye.

　　The 22 SXT versions adopt the latest design concept of Dodge family, and the overall shape is more sporty. The instrument panel adopts the combination design of double instrument panels and LCD screens, and the center console adopts split type with a central LCD screen. It has a sporty atmosphere, including a bottom steering wheel, sports seats, carbon fiber-like interior parts and aluminum alloy decorative panels.

　　As an American muscle model, 23 Dodge Challengers need to be a little sloppy and rough to be more American. There is such a car, when you first see it, your heart is a little throbbing, and at the same time, you are more appreciative. Most friends who have feelings for the American muscle car will love it, even regard it as a treasure, and it is the Dodge Challenger.

　　It is still equipped with a 3.6LV6 engine. Although the original horsepower of this version is only about 300 horses, after modification, you can still enjoy good power and pleasant sound different from the four-cylinder engine.

　　This model is equipped with a 3.6LV6 engine, which is a high-profile version of SXTPlus. Most imported models are standard models, plus additional options. This model has more choices and configurations, such as 18-inch wheels and LED light sources. The appearance is more scientific and sporty, and it is more attractive with retro design.

　　In terms of power transmission, Dodge provided the new car with an eight-speed automatic transmission. In terms of suspension, keeping the side up is an independent suspension with a five-bar linkage at the back. In order to help reduce the image of a straight-line hero, Challenger also provides various performance suspension and braking components with excellent functions, including Bilstein impact, lower driving height and new steering adjustment. In addition, it comes standard with electric power steering.

　　As the Dodge Challenger of the American muscle car, it has never followed the trend of the times, and still insists on the original intention of large size and large displacement. So far, even the latest Dodge Challenger still retains the retro shape design of the last century, with a captain of more than 5000mm, a wide hood and a sharp waistline, and the whole body is full of weight! Highlighting the original intention of its muscle car!

　　Company name: Tianjin Bangyu International Trading Co., Ltd.

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　　Address: No.288 Jingmen Avenue, Bonded Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin

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In a recent interview, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei’s consumer business, revealed an interesting story that he was called "Yu Dazui", which surprised many media and netizens. Yu Chengdong said frankly that the origin of this nickname is not only because he has a big mouth, but also because he dares to speak frankly and never hides.

According to Yu Chengdong, it was called "Yu Dazui" for the first time at a product launch. At that time, he boldly put forward some ideas of technological innovation and commented on his competitors without hesitation. This frank attitude impressed the media and the audience, which gave him this direct and dramatic nickname.

Yu Chengdong further stated that in today’s era of information transparency, the truth is the basis for enterprises to survive. Although his words are "bold", there is a well-thought-out truth disclosure behind them. "I think that as an era of freedom of speech, we should bravely express our ideas, rather than compromise to cater to some people." His remarks caused a heated discussion in the industry.

The competition in science and technology industry is fierce, and Yu Chengdong is deeply loved by consumers and fans for his distinctive personality and eclectic words. Recently, he talked about his views on the future development of science and technology on several platforms, which aroused widespread concern.

More than that, Yu Chengdong also shared his experience on how to adhere to the principle of truth in the complicated and changeable market environment. He said: "What customers need is transparent information and real feedback, not empty promises." His remarks not only reflect personal values, but also are regarded as an important part of corporate culture.

In this rapidly changing era of technological development, Yu Chengdong’s fearless expression has won numerous supporters. Through his own experience, he sent an important signal to the industry: only by sticking to the truth, not afraid of challenges and communicating with confidence can he be invincible in the fierce competition market.