Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 5th　

Work together to promote modernization and build a community of destiny.

— — Keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation

(Beijing, September 5, 2024)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

　　Dear President Faye,

　　Dear President Ghazwani, the rotating chairman of the African Union,

　　Dear Heads of State, Government and Delegation,

　　Dear Mr. Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations,

　　Dear Mr. Faki, Chairman of the African Union Commission,

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests,

　　Chun Hua Qiu Shi, old things are rich. In this harvest season, I am very happy to meet all the old and new friends in Beijing to discuss the friendly cooperation between China and Africa in the new era. First of all, on behalf of the government of China and the people of China, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all of you!

　　China-Africa friendship crosses time and space, mountains and seas, and is passed down from generation to generation. The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000 is an important milestone in the history of China-Africa relations. Over the past 24 years, especially since the new era, China has been working hand in hand with African brothers and sisters in the true and sincere concept. We are shoulder to shoulder and hand in hand in the century-old changes in the world, firmly defending each other’s legitimate rights and interests; In the tide of economic globalization, we have strengthened our bones and muscles, and achieved fruitful results to benefit hundreds of millions of people in Central Africa; In the face of great disasters and epidemics, we worked hard together and wrote a touching story of China-Africa friendship; We have always understood each other and supported each other, setting a new model of international relations.

　　After nearly 70 years of hard work, China-Africa relations are at their best in history. Facing the future, I propose that the bilateral relations between China and all countries that have diplomatic relations with Africa be upgraded to the level of strategic relations, and the overall positioning of China-Africa relations be upgraded to an all-weather community of China-Africa destiny in the new era!

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　Realizing modernization is an inalienable right of all countries in the world. The process of western modernization has brought great suffering to developing countries. After the Second World War, the third world countries, represented by China and Africa, achieved independence and development one after another, and constantly corrected historical injustices in the process of modernization. People’s Republic of China (PRC) is about to celebrate its 75th birthday, and is unswervingly promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization. Africa is also experiencing a new awakening and making steady progress towards the modernization goal described in the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The dream of China and Africa pursuing modernization together will surely set off a global modernization upsurge in the South and write a new chapter in building a community of human destiny.

　　— — We should work together to promote fair and reasonable modernization. To promote national modernization, we should not only follow the general law of modernization, but also conform to the reality of our country. China is willing to strengthen exchanges of experience in governing the country with Africa, support countries to explore modernization paths suited to their national conditions, and ensure equal rights and opportunities for all countries.

　　— — We must work together to promote open and win-win modernization. Mutually beneficial cooperation is in the long-term and fundamental interests of all countries, sunshine avenue. China is willing to deepen cooperation with Africa in the fields of industry, agriculture, infrastructure, trade and investment, set a benchmark for building the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and jointly create a model for implementing global development initiatives.

　　— — We should work together to promote the modernization of the people first. Realizing people’s free and all-round development is the ultimate goal of modernization. China is willing to actively cooperate with Africa in personnel training, poverty alleviation, employment and other fields to enhance people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in the process of modernization, and jointly promote modernization to benefit all people.

　　— — We must work together to promote the modernization of pluralism and tolerance. Realizing the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization is the lofty pursuit of modernization. China is willing to have close cultural exchanges with Africa, advocate mutual respect and inclusive coexistence of different civilizations in the process of modernization, and jointly promote the global civilization initiative to bear more fruits.

　　— — We should work together to promote eco-friendly modernization. Green development is a distinctive symbol of modernization in the new era. China is willing to help Africa build a "green growth engine", narrow the gap in energy accessibility, adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and jointly promote global green and low-carbon transformation.

　　— — We should work together to promote the modernization of peace and security. Modernization is inseparable from a peaceful and stable development environment. China is willing to help Africa enhance its ability to independently maintain peace and stability, promote global security initiatives to take the lead in Africa, promote the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and jointly safeguard world peace and stability.

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　China and Africa account for one third of the world’s total population. Without the modernization of Central Africa, there would be no modernization of the world. In the next three years, China is willing to carry out ten partnership actions with Africa to jointly promote modernization, deepen China-Africa cooperation and lead the modernization of the global South.

　　First, the partnership action of mutual learning among civilizations. China is willing to build an exchange platform for China-Africa experience in governing the country and set up a China-Africa development knowledge network and 25 China-Africa research centers with Africa. Relying on the African Leadership Institute to train talents for governing the country, 1,000 African political parties were invited to China to exchange ideas and deepen the exchange of experience in governing the party and the country.

　　Second, trade prosperity partnership action. China is willing to take the initiative to unilaterally open its market, and has decided to give 100% tariff-free treatment to all the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China, including 33 African countries, to become the first large developing country and the world’s major economy to implement this initiative, and to promote China’s big market as a great opportunity for Africa. Expand access to agricultural products in Africa, deepen cooperation in e-commerce and other fields, and implement the "China-Africa Quality Improvement Plan". China is willing to sign a framework agreement with Africa to jointly develop economic partnership and provide long-term, stable and predictable institutional guarantee for China-Africa trade and investment.

　　Third, industrial chain partner action. China is willing to build an industrial cooperation growth circle with Africa, focus on building a pioneering zone for in-depth economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa, and launch the "African SME Empowerment Plan". Co-build China-Africa Digital Technology Cooperation Center, build 20 digital demonstration projects, and jointly embrace a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.

　　Fourth, the interconnection partner action. China is willing to implement 30 infrastructure connectivity projects in Africa, work together to build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and build a China-Africa interconnection network with land and sea linkage and coordinated development. China is willing to help the construction of a free trade zone on the African continent, deepen logistics and financial cooperation, and help Africa’s cross-regional development.

　　Fifth, develop partner actions. China is willing to jointly issue a joint statement with Africa to deepen cooperation within the framework of global development initiatives and implement 1,000 "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Invest in the China-World Bank Partnership Fund to help Africa’s development. Support the hosting of the 2026 Youth Olympic Games and the 2027 Africa Cup, and promote the development achievements to better benefit the Chinese and African people.

　　Sixth, health partnership action. China is willing to establish a China-Africa hospital alliance with Africa to jointly build a joint medical center. We will send 2,000 medical personnel to Africa, implement 20 medical and anti-malaria projects, promote China enterprises to invest in drug production, and continue to provide assistance to the epidemic in Africa within our capacity. Support the construction of African CDC and improve the public health capacity of African countries.

　　Seventh, partner action to promote agriculture and benefit the people. China will provide 1 billion yuan of emergency food aid to Africa, build 100,000 mu of agricultural standardization demonstration zone, send 500 agricultural experts and build China-Africa agricultural science and technology innovation alliance. Implement 500 public welfare projects. Encourage Chinese and African enterprises to "go both ways" to invest and start businesses, leave the added value of industries in Africa, and create no less than 1 million jobs for Africa.

　　Eighth, people-to-people exchange partnership action. China is willing to further promote the "Future Vocational Education in Africa" plan with Africa, jointly build an engineering and technical college and build 10 "Luban workshops". Focus on African women and youth, providing 60,000 training places. Jointly implement the China-Africa "Cultural Silk Road" plan and the "Radio and Television Audio-visual Innovation Cooperation Plan". The two sides agreed to designate 2026 as "China-Africa Humanities Exchange Year".

　　Ninth, green development partnership action. China is willing to implement 30 clean energy projects in Africa, build a meteorological early warning business platform, and carry out cooperation in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and biodiversity protection. China-Africa Forum on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Technology was established, 30 joint laboratories were built, and cooperation in satellite remote sensing, moon and deep space exploration was carried out to help Africa achieve green development.

　　Tenth, build a partnership for security. China is willing to establish a partnership with Africa to implement the global security initiative, build a demonstration zone for initiative cooperation, provide 1 billion yuan of unpaid military assistance to Africa, train 6,000 military personnel and 1,000 police law enforcement personnel for Africa, and invite 500 young officers to visit China. We will carry out joint training and joint cruises between the Chinese and African armed forces, and implement the "Action to Help Africa Get rid of Landmines" to jointly safeguard the safety of personnel and projects.

　　In order to promote the implementation of the "Top Ten Partnership Action", the China Municipal Government is willing to provide 360 billion yuan of financial support in the next three years, including 210 billion yuan of credit funds and 80 billion yuan of various kinds of assistance, and promote China enterprises to invest in Africa not less than 70 billion yuan. China will also encourage and support non-parties to issue "panda bonds" in China and provide strong support for pragmatic cooperation between China and Africa in various fields.

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　In July this year, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was successfully held, which made systematic arrangements for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization. This will further profoundly change China, and will certainly provide new opportunities and inject new kinetic energy into African countries and China and Africa’s dream of pursuing modernization together.

　　There is an African proverb that "people who go the same way are true friends". No one can be left behind on the road to modernization, and no country can fall behind. Let us unite the majestic strength of more than 2.8 billion Chinese and African people, walk hand in hand on the journey of modernization, help the modernization of the global South with the modernization of China and Africa, draw a brand-new picture in the history of human development, and jointly push the world towards a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress!

　　Thank you.

"The charge and replacement fee of 300 yuan per month, 150 yuan’s accident insurance premium, and an electric car can take delivery."

Gao Hu, born in 1991, worked in a brand beverage factory in his hometown of Liaoning before coming to Beijing, and once earned 4,000 yuan a month.

"The income here is higher than that in my hometown, and the threshold is lower. I have also seen people with disabilities such as deaf-mutes come to deliver takeout. Anyone can do it, that is, earning more and earning less." Takeaway rider Gao Hu said.

Not only in Gao Hu, according to the latest figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, there were 200 million flexible employees in China, including about 13 million take-away riders, accounting for nearly 1% of the national population base.

Flexible forms of employment, such as take-away riders, have expanded employment capacity and played a role as a reservoir. At the same time, the topic of social security for related people has been constantly discussed, such as no "five insurances and one gold", lack of insurance protection, repeated non-growth labor, unclear path of subsequent career development, and no promotion channel … In the opinion of experts, the relationship between flexible employees and platform enterprises exists in various forms, such as labor dispatch, contracting and agency. Labor relations are complex, and platform enterprises bear different social security responsibilities, so the protection of the rights and interests of new employees has become the most difficult problem to solve.

In recent years, the relevant state departments have continuously attached importance to the protection of labor rights and interests of the relevant groups, clearly put forward the standardization of employment, and made clear the responsibility of safeguarding workers’ rights and interests; Improve the system and fill the shortcomings in the protection of workers’ rights and interests; Guiding opinions such as improving efficiency and optimizing workers’ rights and interests protection services. However, safeguarding the labor rights and interests of the flexible employment population is complicated, and it must keep pace with the times. It also needs the platform and relevant departments to jointly promote it.

Riders are the "hands and feet" and "reservoirs" of platform economy, which may lead to unfair competition.

In July, 2021, Gao Hu became a "takeaway rider". In Gao Hu’s view, he ran a special delivery tour with flexible working hours and higher salary than his hometown. "10:00-14:00, 17:00-21:00, you must be online, and you can control yourself in other time periods. You run more than 40 orders every day and earn more than 9,000 yuan a month, compared with 4,000 yuan a month in your hometown. Dry takeaway earns more than the factory. "

Flexible and free work is a big reason why many people engage in take-away riders. Liu Hua, born in 1981, is a native of Miyun, Beijing. Before that, Liu Hua worked as a seller in a home store, and she chose to take delivery six months ago, also because this industry is simple and free. "There are too many meetings and rules in the mall, and we have to choose the sideline team. Finally, we will come to the US group to take out the team list."

The higher income than their hometown has also attracted many people to Beijing to join the army of takeaway riders. Born in Liu Yi in 2001, I worked as a KTV night service in my hometown in Hebei before I was hungry. "The main reason is that the salary in my hometown is too low, only 4,000 yuan a month; So I came to Beijing to run a takeaway. After all, this job is flexible and free. "

This job has also given many people the opportunity of short-term transitional life. Xu Hang, born in 2003, is from Chongqing, and will graduate from higher vocational education this year. He is in the internship period. He feels that the cost of living in the internship position arranged by the school is too high, and he is not interested in his major. He heard that the take-away industry makes a lot of money, so he wants to experience the work of a take-away rider.

Compared with special delivery, crowdsourcing is more free Li Jian introduced that the advantage of crowdsourcing is that it can work more flexibly. "For example, if there are no elevators in nearby communities, I will not take orders for high-rise buildings directly, so I don’t have to climb the stairs at all at the end of the day." He also said that I am used to crowdsourcing riders, and I can’t stand the constraints. I can rest at any time when it is windy and rainy, and the rider may have to go to work, and the afternoon peak must be online.

The inclusiveness of the profession has allowed the scale of take-away riders to continue to expand. From the data such as Meituan’s financial report alone, the total number of riders who earn income through Meituan’s platform has increased from more than 2.2 million in 2017 to 5.27 million in 2021. The number of people who are newly employed, including take-away riders and courier brothers, is far more than that. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, the number of flexible employees in China has reached 200 million.

Flexible employment can be seen everywhere. Li Zhiqi, deputy director of the Economic Committee of the Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Beijing Federation of Industry and Commerce, and chairman of the revitalization international think tank, believes that "the flexible employment groups such as take-away riders are the direct practitioners of the platform economy and the most important front-line executives of the platform economy. They are the hands and feet of the platform economy. Without them, the platform as a brain will not work, and its importance is beyond doubt."

Li Yan, dean of the same city recruitment research institute, told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that flexible employment is a new flexible employment mode. No matter the flexibility of time and quantity of workers, the flexibility of employment form or management mode, the threshold of the concept of "employment" has been lowered, the employment category has been broadened, and more workers can be absorbed. Flexible employment provides more choices for further deepening mass employment and entrepreneurship.

The report "Talent Flow and Migration 2022" shows that more than half of the people in the workplace want to use their professional skills to "earn extra money". Wang Qian, co-founder of Pulse, said that as far as flexible employment is concerned, freelancing is not affiliated with any organization and has high flexibility in working time and place, which is conducive to ensuring work-life balance and carrying out various career development and life experiences.

The vice president of capital university of economics and business Institute of Labor Economics talked from more angles. From the perspective of employment, flexible forms of employment, such as take-away riders, have expanded employment capacity and played a role as a reservoir. From the perspective of the labor market, this part of employment has also produced unfair competition effect, because the platform operators and other operators bear lower tax burden and social security costs, which indirectly leads to inequality with formal employment enterprises; It has also led to the problems of difficult and expensive recruitment in the formal employment field.

The "Freedom Trap" of Linggong;Only pay work-related injury insurance, and salary disputes frequently occur.

Flexible employment only has the advantages of freedom of work? In fact, Liu Hua found that although the take-away industry is simple and free, it also faces the situation of not being respected. "After receiving the order from the platform, the customer will call me and buy some other goods by the way. If you don’t bring it, you will be complained. If you complain, you will be fined. There are also some communities that will open a special channel for takeaway riders and feel discriminated against. "

In addition to the low sense of professional identity, labor rights and interests are not perfect. "Five insurances and one gold should be a must. There are many people in the country who are like take-away riders. After a few years, what should these people do after they are 40-50 years old? If the family is seriously ill, they can’t even afford money. Moreover, the probability of traffic accidents is also high. " Liu Hua believes that the platform has really facilitated the people and solved many employment problems. However, most of the people who run takeout have low academic qualifications and poor family conditions.

During the interview, the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter learned that at present, take-away riders are mainly divided into special delivery and crowdsourcing. Basically, they do not sign contracts directly with the platform, and most of them are dispatched by third-party companies, and no matter whether they are special delivery or crowdsourcing, take-away riders do not have five insurances and one gold, and generally only pay work-related injury insurance.

In January last year, Han, a crowdsourcing rider, died suddenly on the way to delivery. Because he did not sign a labor contract directly with the platform, the platform was only willing to provide humanitarian compensation of 2,000 yuan to his family, which triggered a heated discussion in society. After the platform, the amount of sudden death protection was raised to 600,000 yuan. Although the incident has already come to an end, the fate and behind of the takeaway rider; The security of flexible employees has become one of the topics of great concern to the public.

Deng Jianbo, founder and CEO of Youth League, a flexible employment recruitment service platform, told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that due to the short working cycle, flexible workers generally do not sign labor contracts, which is more prone to salary disputes, and it is difficult to be supported after disputes. At the same time, in terms of insurance, the process of both individual purchase and enterprise purchase is complicated, resulting in a low purchase ratio. On the whole, the salary guarantee and life insurance guarantee of flexible employees are relatively general.

An industry insider who uses a flexible employment intermediary platform is also rethinking the intermediary model. "Platforms like Meituan and SF can increase employment, so that some people can receive jobs and earn income. However, similar employment intermediary platforms serve (Meituan, Shunfeng) platforms, and the way to solve (reduce) the labor cost of the upstream platform by self-employed mode and harm the rights and interests of workers (riders) remains to be discussed. The so-called failure to create any jobs refers to these fiscal and taxation solution platforms, not to Meituan and Shunfeng. "

However, Wang Feng wants social security, because social security has been paid in the work system before, and many riders "don’t need" but actually "don’t know". For example, Liu Yigang has only been in contact with this job for more than half a month, and he is not clear about the unit price and social security of the job. "I just did it soon, and I didn’t attend the regular meeting of the site at 9: 00 in the morning. The specific guarantee is not clear."

"Many riders will think that they have worked hard for such a long time, and as a result, they have deducted so much money into the social security account in one month. If they don’t work, they can’t find a place to ask for this money. They are definitely not happy in their hearts. It is better to get all the money directly and be practical in their hearts." The rider Fang Duanxin said that many riders need to see cash, and the platform can basically withdraw cash immediately.

Gao Hu also paid little attention to this part and paid more attention to real income. "Takeaway can’t last a lifetime. A long three to five years or a short year or two is a transition. For example, I earn 10,000 now, and I may have 8,000 left after paying five insurances and one gold, but I have paid five insurances and one gold for only a few years, which will not be consistent. "

Scope, vice president of capital university of economics and business Institute of Labor Economics, believes that "at present, most flexible employees are not included in the scope of labor law protection, so the relationship between them and the employment platform is adjusted according to civil legal norms. From a practical point of view, flexible employment groups such as take-away riders do not have much problems in terms of labor remuneration, but their working hours are generally too long; Take-away riders use vehicles for a long time, and security is a problem; In social insurance, industrial injury insurance is insufficient, and there will be problems in medical care and old-age care in the future. "

The protection of the rights and interests of newly employed people is the most difficult to solve, and individuals with unclear labor relations are under pressure.

As mentioned above, the discussion on labor relations of flexible employment has a long history. "The relationship between these practitioners and platform enterprises exists in many forms, such as labor dispatch, contracting and agency. Labor relations are complex, and platform enterprises bear different social security responsibilities, so the protection of the rights and interests of new employees has become the most difficult problem to solve. " Li Zhiqi mentioned.

According to the definition of flexible employment in China Renmin University’s China Flexible Employment Development Report (2022), in a broad sense, it is the employment arrangement of human resources allocation in ways other than standard employment, which is mainly divided into labor dispatch, business outsourcing, human resources outsourcing, Internet platform employment, traditional odd jobs (part-time employment, part-time employment, daily employment, self-employment cooperation) and internships.

The report also mentioned that in the traditional part-time jobs, part-time jobs, daily settlement, and more labour relation, dependent self-employment are mostly cooperative relationships, and only part-time employment is defined as labor relations. However, in this employment scenario, enterprises only need to pay work-related injury insurance for part-time workers, and do not need to pay economic compensation when terminating employment relations, so the employment flexibility is high.

The employment forms of Internet platforms are relatively complicated. Some platforms (and third-party organizations) are involved in production management, so workers have strong subordination to platforms (and third-party organizations), and there are substantial labor relations. However, most platform employees belong to the labor/business contracting relationship or "the situation that labor relations are not completely established but enterprises manage workers".　

Li Yan, president of 58 City Recruitment Research Institute, also said, "China’s flexible employment is still in its infancy. In the case of unclear labor relations and imperfect social security system, the pressures and risks that social individuals need to bear in flexible employment are various. For example, take-away workers may have to face labor disputes in three aspects: platform, merchants and customers at the same time. In addition, there are still shortcomings in employment safety and satisfaction, and even they cannot be completely independent in improving employment skills."

Fortunately, these relationships are being clarified at present. In July 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and other eight departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms", which mentioned that enterprises should conclude labor contracts with workers according to law if they meet the conditions of establishing labor relations. If the enterprise does not fully conform to the situation of establishing labor relations, but the enterprise manages the laborers (hereinafter referred to as the situation of not fully conforming to the situation of establishing labor relations), it shall guide the enterprise to conclude a written agreement with the laborers to reasonably determine the rights and obligations of the enterprise and the laborers. Individuals rely on the platform to independently carry out business activities and engage in freelance work, and adjust the rights and obligations of both parties in accordance with civil laws.　

In recent years, relevant departments have also continuously promoted the protection of labor security rights and interests of workers in new employment forms. During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2022, the "Government Work Report" also proposed to strengthen flexible employment services, improve social security policies for flexible employment, and carry out pilot projects for occupational injury protection in new employment forms.

Relevant work has also been strengthened in various places, and many services have been launched in cities such as Beijing, where workers in new employment forms are concentrated. Relevant personnel of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that in September 2021, the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Implementation Plan for the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions to Promote the Work of Trade Unions in New Formats and New Employment Groups" and introduced 10 measures to give full play to the role of trade unions as a bridge between the party and the workers, and earnestly safeguard the labor security rights and interests of new formats and new employment groups.

Recently, relevant personnel of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions introduced that since June last year, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions has promoted 17 Internet platform head enterprises such as JD.COM, Meituan and Didi, and 14 brand express delivery enterprises such as SF Express and "Three Links and One Reach" to establish trade union organizations, and accumulated 274,000 new employment form workers; More than 9,000 outdoor workers’ warm-hearted stations have been built; Provide five free guarantees such as major diseases and accidental injuries for workers and other groups with new employment forms.

Flexible employment needs to keep pace with the times, and the labor cost of regular employment should be properly balanced.　

As the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said, in recent years, the platform economy has developed rapidly, creating a large number of employment opportunities. The number of new employment forms such as online delivery agents, online car drivers, truck drivers, and internet marketers who rely on the Internet platform for employment has increased significantly, and safeguarding workers’ labor security rights and interests is facing new situations and new problems.　

Dealing with these matters must keep pace with the times. Li Zhiqi believes that flexible employment can’t be solved by the platform simply because of the different structure of labor relations. However, from the perspective of corporate social responsibility, the platform should guide partners to standardize the labor rights and interests of employed people. At the same time, the new format has new characteristics, and all parties need to work together to improve relevant systems and laws to protect the legitimate labor rights and interests of all types of employed people.

The scope indicates that from the perspective of improving the social security of relevant employment groups, it is necessary to solve the problem of occupational injury protection for flexible employment groups such as takeaway riders and courier brothers. Of course, there are preconditions for occupational injury protection, so it is necessary to strengthen the protection responsibility of the platform in terms of safety production, occupational safety and hygiene in operation and management, including providing corresponding occupational injury protection.

"From the perspective of governing the country according to law, it is necessary to properly balance the labor costs of flexible employment and formal employment, and the labor costs of the two forms of employment should not be too different because of institutional reasons. At present, there are some abnormal phenomena in the employment market, and some employed people give up formal employment and engage in flexible employment because of considering the immediate economic interests. In the future, in the field of social security, flexible employment should also share responsibilities appropriately. " Scope mentioned.

"The unit price of flash delivery is high, and the journey is long, which earns much more than takeaway." Gao Hu revealed that he has offered to leave his job and intends to run a flash. "I can save 6,000 yuan every month. After working in Beijing for a few more years, I can go back to second-and third-tier cities to pay the down payment to buy a house, marry and have children; I can still drive a van and live. This profession just has no sense of belonging in the short term. "

For many people, becoming a rider is just a transitional occupation, which also reflects the common problems in flexible employment, that is, the subsequent career development path is unknown and there is no promotion channel.

Li Yan said that to ensure the protection of workers’ rights and interests, the first step is to further optimize the three-tier adjustment model of labor law, reconstruct the functional division of labor law and civil law, and create a more benign and legal environment for the healthy development of flexible employment; Secondly, establish a vocational training system for flexible employment and open up more career paths for flexible employees; Finally, improve the occupational social insurance system for flexible employees and provide more employment security for flexible employment groups.

Under the guidance of local human and social departments, according to Liu Xinyang, vice president of Hungry, the platform is promoting the vocational skills upgrading training of the new format of "network delivery staff" nationwide. The course includes abnormal handling of distribution, cleaning and disinfection of lunch boxes, etc. There are both online teaching and practical teaching classes, and you can also receive special government subsidies after the training.

In the second half of 2021, Meituan announced the launch of "four major measures" to help riders’ career development, including Meituan’s rider vocational training and academic further education plan, stationmaster training plan, rider transfer plan, rider online learning platform and other career development measures. It will provide riders with a full-cycle, multi-level career development path, actively break the existing career development model of the rider group, and constantly broaden the radius of rider employment and career choice.

In addition, Deng Jianbo believes that scientific and technological forces should be promoted to protect the rights and interests of odd jobs. Through the HR SAAS system, B-end enterprises can use online modules such as shift attendance, salary calculation, electronic contract, employment insurance, talent pool operation, supplier management, etc., and C-end users can check in, pay their salaries, and get electronic contract and insurance protection.

Recently, the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Key Points of Work of Beijing Federation of Trade Unions in Promoting New Employment Forms in 2022", which mentioned that it is necessary to build a strong organizational system and ensure that all the top 100 Internet companies operating in Beijing in 2021 will realize the establishment of the meeting; Adhere to the "one step forward" in safeguarding rights and earnestly safeguard the stability of the workforce in the new employment form. Including efforts to build harmonious labor relations, safeguard political security in the labor field, pay close attention to the demands of employees and other measures.

(Gao Hu, Liu Hua, Liu Yi, Xu Hang, Li Jian, Wang Feng and Fang Duanxin are all pseudonyms)

Beijing News Shell Finance Reporter Chen Weicheng Cheng Zijiao

Editor Song Yuting

Proofread Liu Baoqing

　　In recent years, with the rapid development of short videos, the network charm index of cities such as Chongqing, Xi ‘an, Chengdu and Hangzhou has soared. Chongqing’s 8D magic interchange, Xi ‘an’s tumbler performance, Xiamen’s seaview subway … … These scenes with their own traffic attract a large number of tourists to spread and share on the Internet. Experts pointed out that behind the hot popularity, how to turn the flow economy into an incremental economy and shape the real urban competitiveness is an important issue for online celebrity cities.

　　"online celebrity punching place" is hot

　　Xiao Zhao, a Beijing girl who is engaged in the clothing industry, is keen on traveling. She and several friends like to "walk away". Before going to a place, she didn’t do much travel strategy. Often, when she arrived at her destination, she went to Tik Tok and other short video platforms to search for popular videos related to the tourist destination, and then happily "punched in" together, or enjoyed the unique natural and cultural landscape, or felt the wonderful historical and cultural customs, or tasted the mouth-watering local specialties. "Taking photos, taking short videos, making friends circle and trembling sound are must-do in travel."

　　In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed many people’s travel habits. Whether it’s a traditional scenic spot or a new landmark, once it has the label of "online celebrity", it will attract tourists to take photos or take videos to "punch in".

　　Recently, People’s Daily People’s Cultural Tourism Research Institute and others published the TOP20 Value Recommendation List of "online celebrity Punching Places" for National Cultural Tourism, recommending high-quality tourism resources from three dimensions: attention, reputation and expert evaluation. The selected 20 "online celebrity Punching Places" have the following characteristics: First, they must have aesthetic feeling to meet the needs of tourists for photography, such as Sakura Avenue, Chaka Salt Lake and Dongji Island; Secondly, it can highlight personality and meet the needs of tourists to show their taste, such as THE BRIDGE covered bridge in Chengdu; In addition, it can provide different tour experiences to satisfy tourists’ sense of freshness and participation, such as Xiamen Seaview Subway and Xi ‘an Yongxingfang "Bowling Wine".

　　“‘ Online celebrity punching place ’ The popularity is largely due to the new media communication methods. " Xu Fengwen, chief planner of the Cultural Tourism Center of Tianjin University Architectural Design and Planning Research Institute, said that people’s demand for the participation and dissemination of online celebrity scenes has changed from the traditional view of the city to the experience of specific city scenes.

　　Nowadays, more and more tourists release short videos to exchange travel strategies and experiences. Insiders pointed out that short video has become an important communication and expression tool, which has mobilized the enthusiasm of tourists to record and discover the charm of the city. The reason is, first of all, because short travel videos are more intuitive, richer, story-telling, entertaining and more impressive to others. In addition, in the short videos taken by tourists, scenic spots and food are often more grounded and can appreciate a city at close range. In addition, friends like to go to the "punch card place", and they also go to make a card and connect with each other in a brand-new way, which is also a new form of social interaction.

　　"Lens" makes online celebrity city.

　　Today, it has become the norm that a "online celebrity punching place" is a city with fire. The White Paper on Beautiful City Index: the Relationship between Short Video and Urban Prosperity published by China Urban Planning and Design Institute shows that the content related to urban travel on short video can not only drain online, but also drive offline "planting grass". More than 80% of Tik Tok users said that they would "punch in" because they like short videos of specific cities, scenic spots and business districts.

　　Under the trend of new media communication, the "punching place in online celebrity", which is favored by young consumers, has great potential in enhancing the popularity of cultural tourism brands. To this end, various localities have launched relevant measures to activate and promote cultural tourism resources. For example, Beijing recently launched the "First Beijing Net Red Punch Site Selection" activity, where the public can participate in recommendation and voting through the Internet to help their own Beijing-style "online celebrity"; Kunming launched the promotion activity of "punching places for cultural tourism" to encourage citizens and tourists to explore new landmarks in the city; Chongqing held the promotion activity of "Sun Culture Sun Scenery" to show the "face value" and "temperament" of "City of Mountains and Waters" with the help of social media platform.

　　Some cities have been re-recognized by young people through emerging media platforms. Among them, short videos have become an important scene to create new business cards for cities, opening up a new possibility for "lens" to create online celebrity cities. For example, since July, 2019, Xi ‘an Datang City Scenic Area has designed two street performance art performances of tumblers according to Xi ‘an city mascots "Tang Bao" and "Tangniu", and soon the performance of "Real Tumbler" Picachen became popular. On Tik Tok, the video under the topic of "Miss Tumbler" has been played 2.77 billion times. In this regard, Nan Chuxin, deputy director of the china society of economic reform Internet and New Economy Professional Committee, said that compared with traditional city landmarks, such tourist scenes are more modern, approachable and cultural, and are favored by the younger generation. This kind of city "punching in" behavior based on characteristic IP not only brings traffic explosion, activates the local tourism economy, but also personifies and rejuvenates the image of scenic spots, which injects new kinetic energy into the cultural tourism industry.

　　However, in reality, there are also some areas that blindly follow the trend. For example, regardless of their own personality and characteristics, they copy and introduce "punch-in" elements such as tumbler performance, glass plank road, sky mirror and light show. "Blindly chasing the real-time effect of the network, being out of position and being surprised, we must pay attention to prevention! In particular, it is necessary to prevent rushing headlong into it, copying it, and mismatching the name. " Jin Yuanpu, director of the Institute of Cultural and Creative Industries of Renmin University of China, said in an interview that every city has its own genes, and it is necessary to shape its unique image and temperament.

　　Fully "realize" the traffic

　　A few days ago, the "Top 100 online celebrity Cities in China Tide Economy 2020" published by a certain platform measured the "online celebrity Degree" of a city from five dimensions: network popularity index, live broadcast index, tide life index, industrial development index and impression index. The top 10 cities in online celebrity are: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Xi ‘an, Changsha, Nanjing and Chongqing. Experts pointed out that the high popularity of online celebrity city is actually the result of a series of factors, such as urban cultural heritage, economic strength, population size and even scientific and technological progress.

　　"online celebrity city is not only a city that is popular on the Internet. A online celebrity city must form a high-quality development model if it wants to be red for a long time and keep its traffic. " The insiders believe that in the era of "attention economy", how to transform online traffic into the core competitiveness of the city, and finally attract the influx of people and form an industrial agglomeration effect is the ultimate goal of the city to create a "online celebrity label".

　　According to Huang Hancheng, the chief researcher of Zhigu Trend, only when people gather through Internet traffic, such as tourists who spend money or talents who come to settle down, can online celebrity be regarded as a city. The "online celebrity Effect" can’t be underestimated, for example, in recent years, Chongqing’s tourism fever is among the highest, and in 2019 alone, 657 million people visited Chongqing, achieving a total tourism income of 573.4 billion yuan.

　　In this regard, Jin Yuanpu said that in order to turn online traffic into real dividends, supporting facilities and public services should be in place, and more detailed work should be done in all aspects of urban development, especially in the upgrading of tourism. Through the system construction of new technologies, new management and new operations, tourists’ sense of experience, participation and integration will be continuously enhanced.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network　A father is the first man a daughter meets in her life, and every daughter has a definition of a father in her heart.

　 　 In the movie Diary of the Sea Street, 15-year-old Ling (Suzu Hirose) meets her half-sisters Xing, Jia Nai and Qian Jia, who have never met before, at her father’s funeral, and accepts their sisters’ invitation to live in Xiangtian’s old house in Kamakura.

　 　 The film follows the name of the original comic book diary of the Sea Street, instead of Story of the Sea Street, and connects the theme of "getting my father back" with trivial stories. The comic aesthetic style shows that director Hirokazu Koreeda doesn’t intend to make a profound analysis of society this time, but only wants to discuss the eternal topic of "father" in this film "Father is not present".

Poster of Hai Jie Diary

　 　 The death of my father is the beginning of this story. Fifteen years ago, my father left the three sisters because he fell in love with another woman (Ling’s mother) and lost contact with them. The cherry blossoms in Binhai Road bloom and fade, the plums in front of the old house are green and yellow, relatives and friends come and go, and the father never appears. In the process of the growth of the three sisters, the father’s "lack of companionship" is an important reason for the daughters’ "incomplete emotional life", which has become the "introduction" of this film.

Dajiexing (Ayase Haruka)

　 　 I have witnessed the quarrel between my parents and my mother’s sadness. After my mother left home, it was my eldest sister Xing (Ayase Haruka) who took care of the family. Fortunately, she was tough in appearance and extremely fragile in heart. She assumed the responsibility of parents prematurely and longed for a man to rely on. She fell in love with a married man, probably because the other person is a mature man, but as a de facto third party, traditionally, she had to bear the blame of her conscience and hid all her desires very appropriately, only when her younger sister Ling arrived, she inadvertently revealed them.

Er Jie Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa)

　 　 The second sister, Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa), is simple in nature. In her memory, she often hears her parents quarreling at night and sees her sister comforting her mother. Her dissatisfaction with her father is more influenced by her sister’s luck. It is her childhood memory that makes her want to be free and happy when she grows up, be cheated by her little boyfriend again and again, and drink and go crazy again and again. Her sister’s luck may comfort her but she can’t tell her to avoid repeating the wrong plan.

Sanjie Qianjia (Kaho)

　 　 Among the four sisters, Qianjia (Kaho), the third sister, is the daughter who has the most vague impression of her father. Because of her vagueness, her feelings for her father are just like that of a daughter’s family who worships her father. Because of her worship, she wants to know more about her father, so when Ling holds the childhood photos of the three sisters treasured by her father, she is the most curious chatterbox. She likes to practice fishing alone at home. When she learned that her father also likes fishing, her excitement was beyond words. "It turns out that my father and I are very similar in this respect." Her boyfriend, like a joke, is a store manager with a grotesque appearance. She was attracted to the store manager because this sports man with six toes missing is passionate about conquering Mount Everest and loves sports as much as his father and is full of adventure.

　 　 Although the film did not deliberately explain the age and gap of the three sisters, from the scale of the wooden pillars in the promenade, we can guess that the age gap between them is not great. However, because of my father’s absence, my eldest sister came to middle age early, my second sister played a rebellious youth, and my third sister stayed in her childhood, just like plum wine brewed in different years, with different shades and tastes. The pillars at home are engraved with the height marks of the daughters’ growth. We can guess that it was their father who carved the mark on the wooden pillar, and the last mark stayed at the age of fifteen.

　 　 The death of my father is also an emotional turning point. Lost fifteen emotions, sealed fifteen years of memories, slowly opened with the arrival of half-sister Ling. The sisters invited Ling to live with them, worried about their younger sister’s future life and hypocritical stepmother, and loved her sister’s kind-hearted and tough personality. Moreover, among the four sisters, only Ling had a complete memory of her father, who often made sardine toast for her and took her fishing together, and never missed the key to her growth. At the last moment of her father’s life, Ling accompanied her father through the last life, and Ling’s body was marked by her father. When they accepted Ling, they actually accepted their father in another way. Because of the arrival of Ling, the family began to appear complete. The elder sister was no longer strict, the second sister had more responsibility and the third sister shared more. In their minds, the vague impression of their father began to become concrete. From Ling’s perspective, what unfolds slowly is the scene where my father and daughters lived together many years ago. The accumulated life in the town is strung together, and the diary is not a story. The plum trees planted by my grandmother in the old house, courtyard and faint pickles flow peacefully in the four seasons of Kamakura. Sardines toast is the memory of Ling and her father’s life together. In the dining hall of the sea cat, Ling found that this food was actually the creativity of the sea cat. A piece of food carries the memories of a full family, and the family is the people who eat many meals together.

　 　 Under the promenade, Ling He, who was drinking plum wine, made a funny laugh. Ling, who came to the old house, was the father who returned to his daughters in another way to accompany her to find the lost innocence in her life. "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence appeared twice in the film. The first time was when Ling just arrived in Kamakura. Fortunately, she expressed her acceptance and welcome.

　 　 The second time was at the end of the film. Ling, who always felt guilty and thought that she had stolen the happiness of her sisters for fifteen years, opened her heart to her at the top of the mountain. Fortunately, she sincerely said, "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence is not only for Ling, but also for her father’s confession, for her inner reconciliation with her father, and for her inner love for her father.

　 　 Ling told her sisters that her father said at the last moment of her life, "It would be a wonderful thing if she still has the ability to feel beautiful when she leaves this world!" . At the end of the film, standing by the sea, Yuki and Qianjia and Jianai talk about their father. "He may be a failure, but he must be a very gentle person."

　 　 Father never appeared in the film, but he was everywhere. The train passing through the city meets the cherry blossom avenue in the sea at the corner, and four girls wearing kimonos and playing with fireworks. The film seems a little scattered. What is scattered but not chaotic is the feelings of the four sisters for their father, with a touch of warmth in their sadness. Although their feelings for their father are complicated, their love for their father makes them live and move forward bravely.

　 　 The film begins with his father’s funeral, and ends with the funeral of the boss’s second house in the Haimao canteen. In this film, the director fully shows his seriousness to death and kindness to life, understands his father’s abandonment of his wife and children with the greatest tolerance, and does not accuse him too much of throwing his children to his grandmother’s mother, falling in love with his married sister, trying his best to occupy the second house in the Haimao canteen, and even Ling’s mother as a "third party" because Ling.

　 　 The director confessed with the film: "No one’s soul has fragrance, no one is wrong", life is beautiful, sometimes life is not so beautiful, even so, life is still beautiful.

　 　 Life is like a cherry blossom, a bunch of fireworks, short and beautiful. Life needs such loosening.

　　Recently, the mayor of Rushan, Weihai, Shandong Province, Gong Bengao (G M 40) has made numerous videos on the Internet to endorse the city with a handsome image and fluent Chinese and English, especially that English version of the video made him instantly "online celebrity". Three samples (ID: sdbaosanyang) found that Miyamoto, 43, graduated from Shanda Weihai Branch and was a native of Weihai. Although he just became the mayor of Rushan City in January this year, this is not the first time that Miyamoto has done this! As early as a month ago, in a live broadcast, in front of more than 5,000 entrepreneurs and investors, he also introduced Rushan at home and abroad in Chinese and English.

　　According to the official notification of Rushan City, this video was invited by the media. The Rushan Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government arranged the Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee and Mayor Miyamoto as promoters to speak for Rushan as the mayor, and promote Rushan at home and abroad through the media in both Chinese and English, which is very rare in the country. Miyamoto Takashi said in fluent English in the video that Rushan is not only the most beautiful beach in the world, rich in wine, but also the hometown of oysters … So many beautiful foods, I can’t help but see them. I have to take the Qingrong City Railway overnight to have a look.

　　This video was sent to Weibo in the early hours of last night, and it became popular on the Internet in less than one day. Some netizens commented that although English is not the best in both writing and pronunciation, it is good to try to communicate in English. Some netizens left a message saying that they had lived in Shandong for 22 years but didn’t know Rushan. Thanks to this video, I like this mayor!

　　On the evening of August 22nd, Bao San learned from the official of Rushan City that Mayor Gong was on a business trip these days and didn’t know that he had become a "online celebrity". Miyamoto Takashi himself is low-key, but he spares no effort to promote the city.

　　It is discovered that this is not the first time that Miyamoto Takashi has endorsed Rushan. As early as one month ago, on July 27th, he introduced Rushan to more than 5,000 entrepreneurs, investors and public welfare people in China Community Thinking Day, and spoke for Rushan at home and abroad through five live broadcast platforms.

　　At the "High-end Forum on the Development of Rushan Oyster Industry" held in January this year, three colleagues in Weihai also witnessed Mayor Gong promoting Rushan Industry in Chinese and English, and many Chinese and foreign guests at the scene stood up and applauded.

　　I noticed that Miyamoto, a 43-year-old native of Weihai, graduated from Shanda Weihai Branch in 1996. In this popular video, he said that he had worked in Los Angeles for three years. This may be one reason why he is so good at promoting his hometown in English.

　　Looking through the resume of official website, the leader of Rushan Municipal Government, I found that after graduating from Miyamoto University, I worked in Weihai Light Industrial Products Import and Export Co., Ltd., Weihai Investment Promotion Center and Weihai International Investment Promotion Center successively. In August 2013, Miyamoto Takashi was transferred from the director of Weihai International Investment Promotion Center to the deputy mayor of Wendeng Municipal Government. In November of the same year, he also served as the director of the preparatory office of Weihai Comprehensive Bonded Zone. In February 2016, he served as deputy director of Weihai Financial Office, and in November of the same year, he was transferred to the post of Deputy Secretary of Rushan Municipal Committee. In January this year, he served as deputy secretary and mayor of Rushan Municipal Committee.

　　Having said that, some people may not know where Rushan is. Rushan belongs to Weihai City, Shandong Province, and is named after the "Darushan" in China. From the map, the city is located in the hinterland of Qingdao, Weihai and Yantai. South of the Yellow Sea, and South Korea, Japan across the sea. After listening to the mayor’s recommendation, do you also want to see how beautiful Rushan is? Please watch the aerial video of Rushan from netizens-take you to the sky and overlook Rushan.

　　After watching the video, I will tell you a good news. Rushan will also pass the high-speed rail! Higher construction standards will be adopted and the top speed will reach 350 kilometers per hour. It will only take more than 2 hours from Jinan to Weihai.

　　(The content of this article is comprehensive. Rushan released the official Weibo, etc. Please indicate the source and reprint all the contents including the QR code.)

　　? ? Click on the title to read.

　　[Secret] The price is more expensive than the list price. 300 yuan, Gome Online was fined 100,000 for price fraud! First raise the price and then discount it into a new routine of e-commerce

　　[Solution] The timetable for the relocation of the Yellow River beach area in Shandong Province was released! 600,000 people in 7 cities and 17 counties such as Jinan Heze benefited!

　　[Rumor] The housing price in Jinan CBD has reached 50,000, and the "54321" housing price pattern has been formed? Not reliable!

　　It takes nearly 60 years for Jiqing to get back by collecting rent! The highest rental return rate in Shandong’s 11 cities is actually Linyi: it only takes 28 years to return to the capital!

The growth rate of China market is higher than that of the whole world.

From 2010 to 2020, the market size of China’s pet industry increased from 13.44 billion yuan to 72.73 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of nearly 20%, which is higher than that of the whole world. In 2020, the US pet consumption market accounts for 41.1% of the world, ranking first, and China accounts for 8.1%. The pet raising rate and the annual consumption of a single pet in China are far below the level of developed countries, and there is much room for growth in the future.

Judging from the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption, in 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times, and in 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

1. The average annual compound growth rate of China’s pet industry is nearly 20%, accounting for less than 10% of the global market.

With the development and prosperity of China society, the role of pets is gradually changing — — Cats and dogs are increasingly regarded as indispensable members of the family, rather than simply companion pets. Social media has also promoted pets to become an important part of young people’s lives, and the trend of "raising cats in the cloud" has made owning pets more desirable. Therefore, the pet market has grown rapidly in the past 10 years. In 2020, the pet consumption market in China will be 72.73 billion yuan, up 21.1% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 18.4% in 10 years.

With the development of economy, the consumption of pets is also increasing. Families in most developed countries regard pets as family members, and the spending on pets is increasing. According to Euromonitor data, in 2020, the global pet market industry scale will be about US$ 138.2 billion, up by 4.4% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 3.6% in 10 years. Among them, the pet consumption market in China, Japan and the United States accounted for 8.1%, 4.2% and 41.1% of the global market respectively.

2. There is a big gap between China’s pet raising rate and single pet consumption amount and developed countries, and there is huge room for improvement.

In the past decade, the changing population and social structure, as well as the improvement of income and adoption rate, have become the main factors to promote the growth of pet keeping rate in China. Compared with other parts of the world, in 2019, the family pet raising rate in China was only about 17%, far lower than 67% in the United States, 62% in Australia and 44% in the United Kingdom. The pet raising rate in China is far lower than that in developed countries, and there may be several times room for improvement in the future.

Since 2016, the growth rate of China’s single pet consumption has increased year by year, mainly driven by the increase of per capita disposable income and the enhancement of pets’ kinship attributes; In 2020, the annual consumption of a single pet in China will be $59. Compared with other countries, in 2020, the consumption of single pet in Japan and the United States will be $317 and $343, respectively, and the consumption of single pet in China is still lower than that in developed countries.

3. The proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China has increased, and the gap with the United States has narrowed.

From 2014 to 2019, the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China increased from 0.16% to 0.29%, and the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in the United States in 2019 was 0.52%. In 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times. In 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

It can be seen that there is an obvious trend of consumption upgrading in the pet market in China, which accelerates the expansion of the pet market. With the stronger willingness of consumers in China to invest in pets in the future, the pet industry has great development potential.

For more data and analysis, please refer to Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, and at the same time Forward-looking Industry Research Institute provides solutions such as industry, industry declaration, industry investment attraction, IPO fundraising feasibility study and prospectus writing.

At present, it is popular in novel coronavirus. At the same time, we also hear the news that there is no specific drug at present. Some people may ask: Why can’t we treat it with antibiotics?

Because the pathogen this time is a virus, not a bacterium!

What are the similarities and differences between viruses and bacteria? Why can’t we kill the virus with antibiotics?

Image source: veer gallery

Are tiny creatures on the earth.

Bacteria and viruses are microorganisms. As the smallest life form on the earth, people always ignore their existence, but this tiny creature is always painted with a sense of existence, and people will be infected by them if they are not careful.

Bacteria are cells, which have cell walls, DNA and organelles. They can produce and metabolize needed enzymes by themselves, and can divide and reproduce by themselves. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, and the main structure is protein capsid and internal genetic material (DNA or RNA), and viruses cannot replicate themselves. Viruses need to replicate their genetic material by infecting host cells, and then release more offspring viruses to infect other host cells.

Bacteria can be harmless or even beneficial to human health, and can live independently. The purpose of the virus is to replicate itself, so it has no meaning unless it infects the host. It can be described as the purest "selfish gene".

The size difference between them is about 1000 times.

Bacteria in a broad sense are prokaryotes. Although they have a cell structure, they are still very different from human cells. Their structures are simpler, and they have no nucleus, but only a DNA aggregation area-pseudonucleus. Bacteria are generally spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, etc., and people do not forget to add a description of their shapes when naming them, such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and so on (ps. Yeast is a fungus, so there is no shape in the name.

At present, the smallest known bacteria are only 0.2 microns long, so they can only be seen under a microscope; The largest bacteria in the world can be directly seen by naked eyes, and it is 0.2-0.6 mm in size. It is a kind of bacteria called Sulphidophilus Namibia.

Bacterial size

Virus is a noncellular form composed of a nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA) and protein. It lives by parasitism and is an organic species between living things and nonliving things. After it enters the cell, its metabolism such as DNA replication is indeed the characteristic of living things, while after it leaves the cell, it is just a lifeless crystal.

Novel coronavirus electron micrograph 　

Most viruses are between 10 and 300 nanometers (nm) in diameter. Some filamentous viruses can be as long as 1400nm, but their width is only about 80nm. Most viruses cannot be observed under optical microscope, and scanning or transmission electron microscope is the main tool to observe the morphology of virus particles. Compared with bacteria, viruses differ in size by about 1000 times.

There are also different ways to invade the human body.

There are many "good people" in bacteria, among which saprophytic bacteria are important decomposers in the ecosystem, which makes the carbon cycle go smoothly; Some bacteria will carry out nitrogen fixation, so that nitrogen can be converted into forms that can be used by biology. The production of cheese, yogurt and fermented grains, the manufacture of some antibiotics and the treatment of wastewater are all related to bacteria. In the field of biotechnology, bacteria are also widely used. Of course, the "bad guys" in bacteria are many pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculosis, anthrax, plague and other diseases are caused by bacteria.

The relationship between bacteria and human body is mainly parasitic. Let’s mainly talk about pathogenic bacteria. Because most bacteria have their own metabolic system, bacteria can be parasitic between normal cells of human body after invading human body. Bacteria take away the nutrients necessary for the body; The growth of bacteria produces various metabolites, which disrupts the physiological balance of the body; Even the size of bacteria has become a pathogenic factor, which interferes with and destroys the function of cells. Therefore, in some diseases, the proliferation of bacteria alone has fatal consequences.

Parasitic diagram of staphylococcus aureus

The virus may have invaded the human body from a sneeze or a physical contact. Viruses need to parasitize in living host cells, and rely on host cells to provide the raw material system, energy and place needed for virus replication. When a virus is ready to infect a host cell, it needs the following six steps to complete its proliferation activities, namely adsorption, invasion, hulling, biosynthesis, assembly and release.

Adsorption: The virus "targets" the target cell by recognizing the specific receptor protein molecules on the surface of the host cell membrane (for example, novel coronavirus virus recognizes angiotensin converting enzyme 2 -ACE2)； on the surface of human respiratory tract and lung cells); Invasion: then the virus either enters the host cell in some way (such as membrane fusion) or directly injects genetic material into the host cell; Shelling: Immediately after the viral infectious nucleic acid is released from the capsid; Biosynthesis: "non-stop" biosynthesis-synthesizing virus nucleic acid and protein according to gene instructions and with the help of raw materials, energy and places provided by host cells; Assembly: The newly synthesized virus nucleic acid and protein will be assembled into progeny virus; Release: the progeny virus is released outside the host cell.

Schematic diagram of virus replication

Human body’s defense and counterattack

Both bacteria and viruses have to break through the human body’s defenses to complete the invasion, but the human body will eventually find their existence, and the human immune system has its own protective measures and early warning mechanism.

The first line of defense: skin and mucous membrane. The first way for human beings to protect themselves is defense, which makes the human body form a relatively closed system through the skin and mucosa. When harmful substances are about to invade the human body, the skin and mucosa will block the external pathogenic factors out of the body.

The second line of defense: bactericidal substances and phagocytes. There are always bactericidal substances and phagocytes patrolling the mucosal surface and inside the human body to prevent the invasion of pathogens. Take lysozyme as an example, it can destroy the cell wall of bacteria, cause the contents of the cell wall to escape and dissolve the bacteria, and can also directly combine with negatively charged virus proteins to form double salts with DNA, RNA and apoprotein, thus inactivating the virus. Therefore, the enzyme has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects.

The third line of defense: specific immunity. When the powerful pathogen broke through the first two lines of defense, the human body’s counterattack just began. Through the phagocytosis of phagocytes and the analysis of special immune cells (T cells), the human body has produced antibodies that can specifically recognize invaders. The antibodies can make pathogens stick together and no longer be invasive, and finally the pathogens exposed between cells will be killed. But is the virus that invaded the cell safe? No! The human body can subtly identify which cells are infected by the virus, and then send a "killer" to kill the infected cells and release the virus inside the cells for antigen elimination.

However, it takes time for the human body to fight back, and pathogens will invade and occupy the human body through such a time gap!

Auxiliary appearance: drug therapy

Bacterial infection once became the greatest enemy of mankind. For example, the plague was called the "Black Death" in Europe, which reduced the population of Europe by one third in three years. At present, plague and cholera are classified as Class A infectious diseases in China. It was not until the discovery and popularization of antibiotics that human beings controlled the outbreak of bacterial infection.

Antibiotics mainly kill bacteria by destroying the structure of bacterial cells, such as cell wall, cell membrane, changing internal metabolism, hindering the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein, etc.

Chemical structural formula of penicillin

However, antibiotics are ineffective against viruses! Because bacteria and viruses have completely different structures!

Because bacteria have cell walls, as well as their own nucleic acid replication machines and ribosomes, antibiotics can kill bacteria with little side effects on humans as long as they are designed for these targets. However, the virus has no cell wall, its own nuclease and ribosome, and all its functions depend on the host cell. So antibiotics can’t kill viruses (we can’t make an "antibiotic" that kills host cells).

The ideal antiviral drugs can not only act on one or several links of the virus proliferation cycle, but also interfere or block it without affecting the normal metabolism of host cells. For example, ribavirin, a common drug, provides a large number of nucleotide analogues, which replace normal nucleotides, making the virus lose its replication ability and play a role in inhibiting virus amplification (but it also has great side effects on human body). In addition, the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir works by blocking the release of the offspring virus.

In view of this pneumonia epidemic, researchers from Wuhan Institute of Virology, China Academy of Sciences and Academy of Military Medical Sciences have also preliminarily screened out ramidivvir (GS-5734, phase II clinical anti-Ebola drug) and Chloroquine (Sigma-C6628, antimalarial drug) which have good inhibitory effects on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at the cellular level.

But we have to say that in the face of virus treatment, human beings have never found a universal specific drug like antibiotics. Active treatment is to mobilize the human body’s own immune ability to fight against viruses, because only organisms themselves really know how to fight against organisms.

　　[car home Technology] powershift, in the impression of most people, is just equivalent to a swordsman with high kung fu in martial arts novels (such as seeking defeat alone? )-The evaluation we can give is: fast, fast, very fast. Moreover, this kind of transmission is direct enough and efficient enough, and it is like a master who never drags his feet … but why is it fast? Why is it efficient? What is its control principle? Is it really advanced? Want to know the answer? You don’t have to go to Baidu. car home has already opened powershift’s coat for you here-ladies and gentlemen, look for the answers you want in front of the naked transmission.

> > > Special note: 1. This paper only dissembles the DSG gearbox objectively, and does not comment on the phenomenon.

　　2. Regarding the topic of stability and fault that users are concerned about, we will explain it for you in the following follow-up articles. There is a notice at the end of the article. Please leave a message and participate in the discussion if you have any questions or faults about the dual clutch gearbox!

　　As usual, first of all, briefly introduce the protagonist of this "dedication": Volkswagen DQ200 dual-clutch gearbox-the first Volkswagen DSG gearbox made in China.

● Get familiar with DQ200 gearbox quickly? Manual gearbox? Dual clutch gearbox?

　　Before we begin, we need to form an awareness of the dual-clutch gearbox in our consciousness. If you still don’t know what the gearbox is and how the basic manual gearbox works, we have prepared the following aperitif wine for you, please taste it first.

　　After understanding the structure of the manual gearbox, it is much simpler for us to understand the dual-clutch gearbox. In principle, the dual-clutch gearbox is equivalent to the combination of two manual gearboxes, one controls the odd gear, the other controls the even gear, and the reverse gear is queued according to the situation (in the DQ200 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox, the reverse gear is regarded as a group with the even gear). Then, one set can be added to the combination of these two manual gearboxes. Hong Gong, a well-known Volkswagen engineer in the media circle, used "two manual boxes and one set of automatic dialing" to vividly compare the principle of dual-clutch gearbox. The following video will help you to understand our metaphor more intuitively, and also help you to face the various parts that will be disassembled from DQ200 more calmly.

"『DQ200 gearbox principle demonstration video-in order to save your time, it is suggested thatAfter 1 minute and 12 seconds,Start watching "

　　With regard to the origin and evolution history of the concept of "dual clutch", we also give it to you as an appetizer. Please click the link below to see the ups and downs of the dual clutch so far.

● Actual disassembly of DQ200 transmission: three modules-two "powerful" and one "calculated"

　　Metaphor is metaphor. When we really put DQ200 in front of you, you can’t really see a product that is directly combined with "two manual gearboxes and one controller". The previous section is only for everyone to understand the principle of dual-clutch gearbox.

　　Judging from the actual structure of the gearbox, the main number of members of DQ200 powershift is still "three" (of course not MT+MT+ controller …). These three modules have different division of labor, and two of them are only responsible for "hard work". They are dual clutch modules and gearbox parts, and all they have to do is to transmit power, commonly known as "force". The third part is the "source of wisdom" of the dual-clutch gearbox-the electromechanical control module, but in fact it is both mental and physical-it can be said that it is both a director and an actor. What are the specific tasks and characteristics of these three modules? We interpret it by disassembling it.

● Dual clutch module: I have a foreign ID card!

　　Let’s get to know the dual clutch module with German ID on DQ200. Since powershift took his last name, you can imagine how important this guy is.

"The dual clutch module is provided by the Luk brand of Schaeffler, Germany."

　　The dual clutch module is simply two sets of clutches+one shell. We call the clutch near one end of the engine K1 clutch, and the clutch behind it K2 clutch. The two sets of clutches K1 and K2 have their own independent driven parts (friction plate+driven plate+shock absorber+driven hub), pressing mechanism (diaphragm spring, pressure plate) and operating mechanism (only the operating arm is mentioned here).

　　The double clutch housing, the driving disc in the middle of the housing, and the butterfly diaphragm springs and pressure plates of K1 and K2 are all "best friends" of the engine, and there is no relative rotation between them. The double clutch housing is connected with the engine flywheel and rotates synchronously with the engine, and these components are called "driving parts".

　　The diaphragm spring and pressure plate which rotate together with the clutch housing play an important role. Under the lever action of the control arm, the sleeve is pressed to deform the diaphragm spring, and the resulting deformation pushes (or pulls) the pressure plate to press the friction plate. At this time, the driven plate and the aforementioned driving part become a whole. With the synchronous rotation of the engine, after the power is obtained from the clutch, the driven plate relies on the internal spline to transfer the power to the input shaft, and the power from the engine enters the gearbox.

● What you don’t know about DQ200(1)
-The working principle of the clutch is the same as that of the manual gearbox, but it works in the opposite way!

　　Speaking of butterfly diaphragm spring, I have to say that this DQ200 dry dual clutch is very interesting in control mode and principle. It is consistent with the familiar manual gearbox principle, which also relies on extrusion and friction to realize the continuous transmission of power, and also uses the lever principle to squeeze the sleeve to deform the diaphragm spring. However, the diaphragm spring works in the opposite way to the diaphragm spring in the manual transmission clutch (see the dynamic diagram above). In the single-chip clutch structure of manual transmission, when the diaphragm spring is squeezed, the clutch pressure plate will be released and the power transmission will be interrupted; In DQ200 gearbox, the function of diaphragm spring when it is squeezed is actually to press the clutch to turn on the power! To put it bluntly, the clutch of the manual gearbox is-You give an external force, it separates,The clutch of this DQ200 dual-clutch gearbox is just the opposite.You give an external force, it will engage!The "disengaging bearing" and "disengaging lever" in the traditional clutch should be renamed as "engaging" XX here. …

● Gear box: double MT combined body

　　After the power enters the gearbox from the input shaft, it will begin to travel between gears. The gear camp in the box is very easy to divide-like two sets of manual gearboxes-two input shafts and two output shafts, and then a set of parking locking mechanism and a differential to transmit power to the wheel axle are added. In this way, you will find that the dual-clutch gearbox is actually just a few more shafts than the traditional manual gearbox. As we have previewed before, the shifting principle of DQ200 and manual gearbox is completely consistent, and the shifting fork pushes the engaging gear sleeve to complete the combination or separation of gears (shifting gears).

　　The two input shafts are respectively connected with the K1 clutch and the K2 clutch, and the internal and external coupling mode is adopted. The first input shaft is equipped with a 1357th gear, and the second input shaft is equipped with a 246R gear. When the two clutches work alternately, the power can be connected between the odd gear and the even gear. Take a closer look at the input shaft, and you will find another interesting thing. On the first input shaft, the gears corresponding to the 1357th gear are independent, while the second input shaft corresponding to the 246R gear has only two gears. The 4th gear and the 6th gear share one input shaft gear, and the 2nd gear and the R gear (reverse gear) share one input shaft gear. Perhaps the purpose of this design is to ensure that the hollow second input shaft can have enough strength and ensure the gearbox.

● What you don’t know about DQ200 gearbox (2)
-What’s the difference between the "N" gear (neutral gear) of the dual clutch gearbox and the manual gearbox?

　　Many netizens want to know the difference between the "N" gear of the dual clutch gearbox and the neutral gear of the manual gearbox. Take the DQ200 gearbox we disassembled as an example. Its logic in the "N" gear is indeed different from the "neutral" of our usual manual gearbox. Simply put,The "neutral" of the dual clutch gearbox is equivalent to the state that the manual gearbox is "engaged in 1st gear and engaged"., so that the speed will be faster when the power is engaged. Moreover, in the D-range mode, when the brake is stepped on for a long time, the clutch will also be automatically disconnected, and the gear engaging sleeve is still engaged with the 1st gear.

　　In addition to various shafts and gears, the gearbox body also has a part that we can’t ignore-the parking control module, that is, the "P" gear control mechanism of our vehicle. The parking gear is integrated on the third output shaft, coaxial with the reverse gear, and it is the only gear with internal splines (synchronized with the output shaft).

　　The parking control mechanism is the only one physically connected with the gear lever on the DQ200 gearbox (all other controls are transmitted by electrical signals). When we put the gear lever into the "P" gear, the gear lever is controlled by the cable, and the connecting ball pin is pulled to make the pawl buckle the parking gear, thus locking the output shaft and achieving the purpose of parking locking.

● Electromechanical control module, with developed "six limbs" and not simple mind.

　　The hardest part of the three is naturally the electromechanical control module, which is "both output and calculation". This way of working is simply a typical "IT migrant worker".

　　From the structural point of view, its composition is not complicated. The sensor, arithmetic/control chip, hydraulic unit and actuator are just four pieces of content, which is also a simple number. The electromechanical control module relies on these components to complete the whole process of obtaining information-judgment/decision-making-execution. Among them, the hydraulic pump and pressure storage tank composed of gear pump are the source of all power for the electromechanical control module, and if human organs are used as an analogy, this is the heart.

　　We humans move through four limbs. The electromechanical control module of DQ200 has six limbs, which control the operating arms of K1 and K2 clutches respectively, and the other four limbs are used to control the shift fork. Four independent fork control levers control five forks (six gears and reverse gears are two forks sharing a fork control lever), and it is the existence of independent control levers that makes it possible to engage adjacent gears in advance.

　　The "brain" that gives action instructions to limbs is provided by Continental, Germany. This brain judges the driving state of the vehicle and the driver’s intention through the engine speed sensor, the output shaft speed sensor and the operation made by the driver on the gearbox control lever, and shares a series of information on the CANBUS bus, such as vehicle speed, wheel speed, accelerator pedal position, steering angle sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and so on, and makes a response. Sensors located at the fork and clutch actuator always remind the German brain of the clutch that the gearbox is currently working and the gear that is currently combined. At the same time, according to the oil temperature sensor and oil pressure sensor in the electromechanical control module, whether the working state of the gearbox is normal or not can be monitored in time. We can imagine that this information processing ability is hopeful to challenge the popular dual-core smart phone …

● What you don’t know about DQ200 gearbox (3)
-even without a double clutch, it can be fast!

　　The reason why the dual clutch gearbox is fast enough is not only because it is as simple as a "dual clutch module", but also largely due to its independent shift control lever. Do you know what "independence" means? This means that even if there is no double clutch, since DQ200 adopts the design that the interval gears share a joint sleeve (as mentioned above), the joint sleeves of adjacent gears can operate independently, and theoretically, "the joint sleeves of one gear can be disengaged while the joint sleeves of adjacent gears are engaged!" Do you know what is the core system of Lamborghini’s ISR gearbox (the gearbox with a shift time of 50 milliseconds)? In fact, it is a number of forks that can be controlled independently!

"The reason why Lamborghini’s ISR gearbox dares to challenge the serial gearboxes of the previous supercars.
It is also because it adopts an independently controlled shift fork.

　　(This paragraph is purely for discussion, and fans are welcome to speak enthusiastically.) The effect of this independent control is more flexible than that of the mechanical multi-fork synchronous action mode relying on the "shift drum" of the sequential gearbox, especially in the case of "trip stop" (except for odd-numbered trip stop …), while the shift drum mechanism can quickly switch between adjacent gears by relying on the servo motor with quick response, but when multiple gears are shifted up or down (for example,

● DQ200(4 you don’t know (4)
-the gearbox needs to use two kinds of oil at the same time!

　　Most automatic gearboxes and even dual-clutch gearboxes only use one kind of oil, which not only needs to realize the functions of lubrication, heat dissipation and torque transmission, but also needs to provide the hydraulic pressure required by hydraulic control components. DQ200 dual-clutch gearbox adopts independent dual-oil circuit design, and different oils are applied in the two oil circuits. In the gearbox, the gear oil of model G052171 is used, which is consistent with the gear oil used in the domestic Volkswagen MQ250 manual gearbox, while the hydraulic oil of model G004000 is used in the electromechanical control module. The two oils can better play their own functions in their independent oil circuit circulation, so that the gearbox has better low-temperature working characteristics.

　　Moreover, the total oil consumption of DQ200 is only 2.7L (1.7L of gear oil and 1L of hydraulic oil), which is nearly half of that of traditional automatic gearbox and wet dual-clutch gearbox. Needless to say, DQ200 is a maintenance-free design, even if it needs maintenance later, it has obvious advantages in cost. (It is said that the oil consumption of DQ250 wet dual clutch gearbox is more than 6L, and the total oil consumption of DQ200 is less than half.)

● DQ200(5 you don’t know (5)
-What’s the difference between DQ200 (7-speed dry dual clutch) and DQ250(6-speed wet dual clutch)?

　　I believe everyone knows the most obvious difference between DQ200 and DQ250, that is, the difference between "wet and dry" clutches. DQ250 uses a wet clutch, and the control method of the clutch is completely different. DQ200 relies on hydraulic pressure to push the control arm and presses the clutch plate by the diaphragm spring, while the clutch engagement of DQ250 is completely controlled by hydraulic pressure. DQ250 designed with a wet clutch uses a single oil, because of its large consumption. Therefore, the oil tank is designed, and it has pressure oil filter, oil cooler and oil pump driven by crankshaft power, which DQ200 does not have.

　　In addition, due to the different number of forward gears, the 7-speed DQ200 has three output shafts, the reverse gear and the parking gear alone occupy one output shaft, while the DQ250 has only two, and the parking gear of DQ250 is integrated on the differential.

Summary:

　　After reading the disassembly article of DQ200, I believe everyone has a deeper understanding and cognition of this 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox.Personally, the dual clutch gearbox is not complicated in principle or structure, and the structure based on manual gearbox is the fundamental reason for its high transmission efficiency and low fuel consumption.The design idea of DQ200 dual oil circuit and dual oil is one of its highlights. The two independent oils have more advantages in functional adaptability, and the total oil consumption of 2.7L is also a figure worth showing off.

　　Of course, all advanced and fresh technologies always need to face people’s doubts and challenges, and our users still have various questions about "dual clutch". In the next article, we will answer the hot issues of gearbox reliability, price, maintenance and so on that are concerned by the majority of riders, and present more "DQ200 dual clutch gearbox you don’t know" for you. Please pay attention to our later content! (Text/car home Fan Xintu/car home Liu Wei Liu Yuhui)

Extended reading:

● Automobile technology is difficult to understand? Car design is too far away? Who said that? These contents can also be very interesting!

> > Want to know more about cars and become a talent? Let’s go to car home Science and Technology! <<

　　On October 18th, in Moscow, the Russian capital, Russian President Vladimir Putin listened to people’s questions during the program. Xinhua news agency

　　　　In recent weeks, there has been a wave of support for Putin to stay as president after 2008 throughout Russia. For a time, people gathered to beg, officials expressed their hopes, and political parties made suggestions, demanding that Putin stay in office. The Russian "News Times" article said with emotion: "Before, such a request was not unheard of, but it did not have the current scale and popularity. The number of people involved in this activity and the wide geographical area are inevitably suspicious: is this premeditated? " After the Russian presidential election next year, there have been many versions of predictions on what role Putin will continue to play in the political arena, what influence he will play, and what scope he will play. Putin himself has repeatedly made it clear that he will not seek re-election. Can Putin be retained by the wave of retention that is now higher than the wave? What is behind it, and the parties have given different interpretations.

　　The number of people involved and the geographical scope are unprecedented.

　　　　According to the Russian "Viewpoint" reported on November 11th, a youth organization in Moscow held a series of activities such as assembly and party on November 10th, and they planned to collect millions of signatures within one month to support Putin’s staying in office. Their slogan is: "Support Putin! Support a unified Russia! " Its member Arthur? Savilov said that they would try their best to find a good way for Putin to bypass the constitutional provisions. "We will do our best to make President Putin change his mind and stay in office.". When asked about the limitations of the Constitution, Savilov replied, "What is the Constitution? The constitution was formulated by the people. This constitution was adopted in 1993. Now how many years have passed and the country’s situation has undergone earth-shaking changes. "

　　　　Russia’s Kommersant published an article entitled "Supporting Putin Movement to Become an All-Russian Movement" on November 9. The article said that in recent days, the All-Russian Social Movement "Supporting Putin" organization planned to hold a meeting and asked Putin to stay in office. On November 15, there are still some areas in Russia that are ready to hold a rally in support of Putin. It is also reported that from October 23 to 30, similar gatherings were held in major cities such as Volgograd, Grozny, Pskov, Novosibirsk and Magadan. In the Ural Federal District, within one day, three local councils passed an appeal for Putin to remain in power.

　　　　Many Russian officials have also joined in retaining Putin. Chechen President Kadyrov said, "If Russia is to maintain its current stable development and become a world power again, Putin should continue to be the president. Since the presidents of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and other countries can serve for life, why not Russia? " Kadyrov made no secret of his admiration for Putin. He said, "Putin is a hero who saved Chechnya and gave the Chechen people a second life. He also saved Russia. He is a gift from God to Russia. " Mironov, chairman of the Russian Federation Council (upper house), publicly stated that "Russian President Vladimir Putin should find a way to keep him as president after the expiration of his presidency in 2008, because the Russian people want him to stay". According to the latest poll released by the Levada Polling Center, 53% of the respondents said that they "welcome or welcome" Putin for another term, up by 12 percentage points from 2005. The Russian Constitution stipulates that "the same person shall not serve as President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive times". According to the current constitution, Putin will officially leave the presidency in May 2008.

　　Whether to stay in office involves the interests of all parties.

　　　　Putin’s supporters stressed that under Putin’s leadership, Russia ended the chaotic situation since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, achieved rapid economic growth and restored its international prestige. They insisted that the reason why they stayed was their heartfelt love for Putin and for the future of Russia. Observers have interpreted this wave from different angles. The British "Guardian" analyzed that many political advisers of Putin were extremely worried that if the "boss (Putin)" finally left the Kremlin, they would lose power, so they tried their best to encourage the people to launch a campaign to retain Putin.

　　　　Others believe that this move is an effort by the "United Russia" party to enhance its influence before the election of the Russian State Duma (lower house) in December. Last month, Putin made it clear that he would participate in parliamentary elections as the candidate of Russia’s largest party. There are also some opponents who criticize that Putin has once again set off a cult of personality. Opposition leader nemtsov said: "I like the saying’ Russia without Putin’, although it is unrealistic."

　　　　Vinogradov, director of the Russian Center for Research on Political Trends, believes that the holding of "spontaneous" gatherings and the appearance of local council petitions do have traces of meticulous organization. He said: "This is to strengthen Putin’s position after the election of the Russian State Duma (lower house). But at present, it seems unlikely to continue for the third term. " Konovalov, director of the Russian Institute for Strategic Evaluation, said: "This should be regarded as the pressure of Russian bureaucratic groups on Putin. I am convinced that Putin actually wants to leave. Indeed, he was confused about his future plans, first talking about the post of prime minister, and then withdrawing his remarks. He has no definite plan yet. The pressure on Putin will continue in the future, because whether he stays in office involves the personal interests of many political elites. " Ding Peihua, director of the Eurasian Development Office of the Eurasian Institute of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the Global Times that Putin has always had a high popularity among the Russian people, and the recent wave of people retaining Putin is only one of the manifestations. He believes that it is inevitable for the Russian people to support Putin. The support of the masses for Putin should still be within a reasonable range.

　　Putin will become the spiritual leader of Russia?

　　　　The Star newspaper in Toronto, Canada, reported on November 12th that the whole country in Russia is now more concerned about how to let Putin stay, but so far, Putin has only said a few words about whether to stay or not, which also makes Putin’s whereabouts after 2008 become a suspense of the whole world. On October 26th, when Putin attended the Russia-EU summit in Portugal, he said that he would not amend the constitution for the sake of three presidents and would not weaken the power of the president, and denied that he might become the prime minister after leaving office.

　　　　Russia’s new network published an article entitled "Putin will become the spiritual leader of Russia" on November 9, and made an in-depth analysis of Putin’s whereabouts. The article said, "Putin has been re-elected as president for two times, and it is very difficult to surpass himself. To be re-elected as the third president in violation of the constitution is to openly regard the constitution as a dummy, which is contrary to Putin’s political philosophy; It is Putin’s fault to advance the presidential election or to be the first prime minister and then the president. Being the prime minister, overhead the president, and replacing the presidential system with the government-parliament power structure is actually a disguised coup, and Putin’s painstaking plan of governing the country will be destroyed, so the above plan should not be considered by Putin. " The article analyzes that if you want to know where Putin will go after leaving office, you must first know what Putin wants to do. Now it can be clearly said that Putin’s minimum program is to ensure the continuity of current policies, that is, to ensure the long-term implementation, implementation and implementation of Putin’s concept of governing the country; The highest program is to realize the comprehensive rejuvenation of Russia.

　　　　The article believes that with Putin’s consistent style, he will not seek the highest administrative power again (even if he has this idea, he must abide by the Constitution and go out again after 2012). He wants to be the de facto spiritual leader of Russia. In this way, firstly, Putin’s existence itself is a constraint on "secular" administrative and legislative power, because "Putin’s concept of governing the country" is the ruling basis of his successors; Second, Putin will have the absolute right to interpret this concept of governing the country.

　　　　Putin’s latest statement seems to prove once again his idea of not seeking re-election, but ensuring influence. According to Agence France-Presse, Putin said on November 13 that if the "United Russia" party wins the election on December 2, it will have a moral reason to continue to maintain its influence on this country. The report quoted Putin as saying: "If people vote for the’ United Russia’ party, it means that they trust me, then I will also have the moral right and have the responsibility to push the Duma and the cabinet to complete our established tasks." The report mentioned that Putin repeatedly hinted that he would continue to retain an important role in politics, but he refused to explain how to retain a role. Putin said: "So far, I won’t give a clear answer, but all kinds of possibilities exist."

　　Is the next president strong or weak?

　　　　Since Putin will not stay in office, who will take Putin’s class has become the most concerned topic for Russians. In the first half of this year, there was a rumor in Russia that Putin would appoint a new prime minister this autumn, and this new prime minister would definitely be Putin’s "successor". However, when people found that the new prime minister turned out to be the previously unknown Zubcov, rather than Ivanov or Medvedev, as public opinion had always suspected, they were at a loss again. On November 6th, a poll conducted by the Russian Social Research Center showed that more than half of Russians thought that Putin had decided who would succeed him, and 32% of the respondents thought that Zubcov was the most likely to succeed him as president. However, the answer to this world-wide riddle has not yet been revealed, and various speculations are still going on.

　　　　Some analysts believe that with the approach of the Russian State Duma and presidential elections, Putin has indeed begun to lay out plans for 2008, and the "multi-power center" is likely to be the new power structure left by Putin for Russia. In other words, the future president of Russia may not be as strong as Putin, but will be replaced by a "team." This "team" will achieve the stability of the "multi-power center" through checks and balances among the president, the prime minister, the upper house and the lower house, so as to maintain the stability of the "Putin line."

　　　　In response, Medvedev, the first deputy prime minister of the Russian government, said in a meeting with students from Kazan State University on November 12 that "only when the president has great power can a country like Russia stand among the nations of the world". According to media analysis, Medvedev’s words may mean that the next president will still be a strong president. The political situation in Russia is always so unpredictable. Russian poet Chutchev once described Russia like this: "Russia cannot be understood by reason, nor can it be measured by general standards. There are special things in it." Nevertheless, it is generally believed that no matter how the political situation in Russia changes, the "Putin Line" has become an established national policy for Russia’s future development. (Special correspondent in Russia Guan Qingyuan Special correspondent Yang Jiao Liu Yupeng Reporter Wang Liangliang)

Editor: Li Xiuwei

The ending song "Crowd" of the movie "Crowd" MV

Wang Baoqiang and Rene Liu.

On December 31st, Rene Liu shared the MV of the ending song "Crowd" that he sang for the movie "Crowd" in Weibo, saying: "I can sing the ending song of" Crowd "more because I know Hua Ge, and Andy Lau starred in this movie. In the crowd, we once met and missed each other. After each meeting, we will go in different directions, may meet again, may walk on different roads, and miss each other far away. Who will you meet on the last day of 2020? What do you miss? How would you sing this song in Crowd? "

Later, Wang Baoqiang forwarded this Weibo and said, "After listening to this song, I remembered the days 16 years ago, and I will always remember the companionship and encouragement my sister and Brother Hua gave me. Thank you for meeting you’. " It is reported that Wang Baoqiang met Rene Liu and Andy Lau in 2004 for filming world without thieves, in which Andy Lau played Wang Bo, Rene Liu played Wang Li and Wang Baoqiang played Silly Root. Fan comments: "Thanks for meeting, Brother Bao keeps going", "Stupid root at that time, come on".