Perfecting the distribution system and solidly promoting the common prosperity of all people

　　【Thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress.】

　　Author: Ma Jun (China Academy of Social Sciences, the supreme leader of the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, special researcher, national academy of economic strategy researcher)

　　The distribution system is the main content of the basic socialist economic system, and it is also the basic system to promote common prosperity. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized "solidly promoting common prosperity" and gave a comprehensive explanation of China’s distribution system, which deepened the understanding of the policy of promoting common prosperity by improving the distribution system. From the perspective of distribution, achieving common prosperity is not equal to egalitarianism, and it is bound to face a series of relationships that need to be handled well and balanced in specific work. For example, we should properly handle the relationship between promoting fair opportunities and fair results, giving full play to the role of the market and the role of the government, and regulating income distribution and standardizing the mechanism of wealth accumulation. To handle these relations well, we must grasp the key points of policies according to the requirements of the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, and constantly promote common prosperity in the process of scientific policy and standardized development.

　　Overlooking the fields on the banks of Zhangjiagang section of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, golden wheat fields complement the Shanghai-Suzhou Railway, the Shanghai-Suzhou Railway Bridge, country roads, rivers and village houses, forming a beautiful picture of urban-rural integration and development. Shi Bairong photo/bright picture

　　1. Improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting equal opportunities.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "Insist on getting more for more work, encourage hard work and get rich, improve the system and mechanism to promote equality of opportunity and safeguard social fairness and justice, so that everyone can get the opportunity to develop themselves and contribute to society, and enjoy the opportunity to shine in life and the opportunity to realize their dreams together." Promoting equality of opportunity by improving the distribution system means that everyone has equal opportunities to participate in competition, and by exerting their greatest potential to create income and wealth, everyone can obtain the material foundation of a better life in a dignified way. Policies and measures related to promoting equal opportunities are discussed in many parts of the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, such as: improving the basic public service system, improving the level of public services, and enhancing balance and accessibility; Improve the employment public service system, improve the employment support system for key groups, and strengthen the employment assistance for disadvantaged groups; Coordinate the urban and rural employment policy system, get rid of the system and policy drawbacks that hinder the flow of labor and talents, eliminate unreasonable restrictions and employment discrimination that affect equal employment, so that everyone has the opportunity to realize their own development through hard work; Improve the lifelong vocational skills training system and promote the resolution of structural employment contradictions; Promote the orderly connection of multi-level medical security and improve the system of serious illness insurance and medical assistance; Improve the hierarchical and classified social assistance system.

　　2. Improve the mechanism that the remuneration of various production factors is determined by the market.

　　The gap between residents’ income and wealth is largely formed in the initial distribution. Considering that residents’ income is relatively low in the national income, and the share of labor income is not high, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "increasing residents’ property income through multiple channels", and Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party continued to emphasize "exploring multiple channels to increase the factor income of low-and middle-income people and increasing the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels". This requires that the distribution policy should pay more attention to the role of the market mechanism, expand and innovate the income distribution mode, and further improve the mechanism that all kinds of production factors are determined by the market. Including improving the reasonable wage growth mechanism and increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution; Improve the policy system of participating in distribution according to factors, and increase the factor income of low-and middle-income groups through the right to use land, capital and other factors. To this end, on the one hand, the implementation of the mechanism that factors of production such as labor, capital, land, technology, management, knowledge and data are contributed by market evaluation, and the remuneration is determined according to the contribution, which is not only conducive to improving economic efficiency, promoting innovation and development, transformation and upgrading, but also conducive to promoting the income and wealth growth of low-income people. Labor is the main way for low-income groups to obtain income. The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to smooth the flow of urban and rural factors and eliminate unreasonable restrictions and employment discrimination that affect equal employment, which means that the value of labor will be fully realized by deepening the factor market reform, so as to increase the income of low-income people in a market-oriented way. On the other hand,Property is another factor that can bring income. At present, the inequality of property income has become one of the main reasons for widening the income gap of residents. Because low-income residents don’t own or only own a small amount of property that can’t be realized, it is difficult or rare to own property income, so it is difficult to raise the income level with the help of property income. Creating conditions for more people to own property income is an important measure to deepen the reform of income distribution system in China, and it is also an important measure to increase the income of urban and rural residents and expand middle-income groups.

　　3. Give full play to the role of fiscal policy.

　　Promote common prosperity step by step. At present, China is still a developing country. In the process of promoting common prosperity, it is necessary to improve the income and wealth gap with greater strength and more practical measures, so that the people can have more sense of gain. However, while narrowing the income and wealth gap between regions, urban and rural areas and residents, we must improve economic efficiency as much as possible, make a big economic cake, and improve the overall income level and wealth. This means that to promote common prosperity, we should pay attention to both fairness and efficiency, and do our best and do what we can. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the government cannot cover everything, and the key point is to strengthen the construction of basic, inclusive and comprehensive people’s livelihood security. Even if the development level is higher and the financial resources are stronger in the future, we can’t set high goals, engage in excessive protection, and resolutely prevent falling into ‘ Welfare doctrine ’ The trap of raising lazy people. " Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party emphasized that "efforts should be made to solve the people’s urgent problems, improve the basic public service system, improve the level of public services, enhance balance and accessibility, and solidly promote common prosperity". This means that in the process of promoting common prosperity, fiscal policy will put more emphasis on giving full play to the role of the bottom, and we should not expect to narrow the distribution gap completely through government means. Under the modern market economy system, this is neither realistic nor necessary. We must coordinate needs and possibilities, and base the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood on economic development and sustainable financial resources.

　　4. Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "unbalanced and uncoordinated urban and rural development is a prominent contradiction in China’s economic and social development" and "the dual structure of urban and rural areas has not fundamentally changed, and the trend of widening urban-rural development gap has not been fundamentally reversed". At present, although our work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers has made remarkable achievements, the agricultural foundation is still not stable, and the gap between urban and rural regional development and residents’ income is still large. Unbalanced urban and rural development and insufficient rural development are still the concentrated expression of the main social contradictions and one of the reasons for widening the income gap. In reality, many income and wealth gaps between urban and rural areas are caused by the dual structure of urban and rural areas. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "we should give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, adhere to the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and smooth the flow of urban and rural factors". Promoting the priority development of agriculture and rural areas can not only consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, but also broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and increase their income. To this end, we must improve the system and mechanism, build a long-term policy mechanism, and form a new type of relationship between workers, peasants and urban areas, which promotes agriculture through industry, brings rural areas through cities, benefits workers and peasants, and integrates urban and rural areas, so that farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal footing and share the fruits of modernization. By developing rural economy, organizing farmers to go out to work and do business, and increasing farmers’ property income, the income gap between urban and rural residents will be continuously narrowed. Rural areas should focus on developing county-level industries with obvious comparative advantages, strong driving ability and large employment capacity.Take multiple measures to promote the stable employment of migrant workers and tap the potential of increasing business income and income of migrant workers. Improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, pay attention to leaving more industrial value-added benefits to farmers, and let farmers pick up the "golden pole". Strengthen the policy of benefiting farmers and enriching farmers, increase the subsidies to farmers, improve the level of social security, and activate all kinds of resource elements in rural areas as much as possible, so that farmers’ pockets are getting more and more bulging and their days are getting more and more prosperous.

　　5. Further standardize the income distribution order.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out, "Improve the personal income tax system, standardize the income distribution order, standardize the wealth accumulation mechanism, protect legitimate income, regulate excessive income and ban illegal income". Since the 21st century, with the reform of factor marketization and the development of multi-level capital market system, coupled with the rapid development of digital economy in recent years, the source channels of residents’ income have become more and more diversified, residents’ property income has been increasing, the speed of wealth accumulation has been accelerated, and the speed of differentiation of wealth accumulation has also been accelerated. At present, the Gini coefficient of Chinese residents’ wealth has exceeded the Gini coefficient of residents’ income. Therefore, we must further standardize the income distribution order, especially the wealth accumulation mechanism. To promote common prosperity, we should not only pay attention to the distribution of wages and income, but also pay attention to the distribution of other factors besides labor and property income; In addition to paying attention to income distribution as flow, we should also pay attention to other aspects of distribution as stock, such as property and net wealth distribution. In short, it is the consistent policy of the party to encourage members of society to get rich through hard work and legal management, and the legal income and wealth generated therefrom must be protected by national laws. At present, China needs to speed up the exploration of the mechanism of regulating wealth accumulation, protect legitimate income, build the distribution system on the track of rule of law, and effectively promote common prosperity while encouraging social members to create wealth.