＂Net＂ gathers books and ＂Cloud＂ travels around the world (big data observation, new industries and new formats)

　　Flowing clouds and flying flowers, flying in the sky and flying with ribbons, in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the 8K ultra-high-definition live-action spherical screen movie Dream Buddha Palace makes the audience feel like swimming in a cave, and they are all amazed at this shocking beauty. In 2016, the Chinese and English versions of "Digital Dunhuang" resource library were launched, which made the high-precision digital resources of 30 caves within reach. Anytime, anywhere, click on the "Cloud Tour Dunhuang" applet, and the classic caves roam around. Every sculpture, every mural, and even the depth of the smile of the characters’ lips are restored exactly.

　　When culture meets digital technology, how can the "cloud" journey be realized? How to develop the digital resources of cultural relics? What are the new ways to protect cultural relics?

　　Digitization of cultural relics has allowed nearly 15 million people to travel to Dunhuang.

　　"Traveling around Dunhuang" is the first small program launched by Dunhuang Research Institute and Tencent this year, which has rich art appreciation experience in Dunhuang Grottoes. As of June 16, the total number of visitors to this small program was nearly 15 million, which was equivalent to more than half of the reception in Gansu during the National Day holiday in 2019.

　　With a history of more than 1,650 years, the Mogao Grottoes has preserved 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,400 statues. The record number of tourists has put increasing pressure on cave protection.

　　Can Dunhuang Grottoes be "immortal" through digital means? In 2006, Dunhuang Research Institute set up a digital center specializing in digital protection of cultural relics, and cooperated with scientific research institutes to tackle key problems. "Digitalization means that caves, murals, painted sculptures and other cultural relics are produced into digital images through high-precision photography and video recording." Yu Tianxiu, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Relics Digitalization of Dunhuang Research Institute, said.

　　When shooting in a smaller cave, you should move around the square inch to ensure the shooting accuracy and avoid hurting the murals. "Must be very focused and careful. At the end of the day, I am so tired! " An Huili, an employee of the Institute of Cultural Relics Digitalization of Dunhuang Research Institute, said.

　　The digitalization of cultural relics pays attention to the seamless splicing of shapes, colors and patterns. "The walls of the Mogao Grottoes are inherently uneven. If you want to make a plane image, it will be deformed. How to minimize deformation, we are also exploring and innovating. " Yu Tianxiu said.

　　It is understood that the completion of this work requires a lot of manpower. Take a medium-sized cave of 80 to 100 square meters as an example. It takes three months for a group of 10 people to complete digitization. Up to now, Dunhuang Research Institute has completed data collection of more than 230 caves and image processing of more than 100 caves.

　　"Doing a good job in the restoration and protection of cultural relics and historic sites is one of the most basic responsibilities of cultural institutions, and digitalization itself is the protection of culture, and the appearance of cultural relics is preserved forever with advanced technology." Su Bomin, vice president of Dunhuang Research Institute, said that technical force has accelerated the expansion of museum functions, and online "Dunhuang" and offline Mogao Grottoes have become parallel cultural spaces.

　　AR technology, "cloud reading together" to share the fun of reading.

　　On this year’s World Book Day, Shenzhen Library launched the "Reading for Half an Hour" reading activity in Guangdong, Hubei and Macao, and realized online reading by using AR technology, and broadcast live through the network platform.

　　"Activity establishment ‘ 1+4+N’ Multi-venue, 1 represents the total venue for AR online reading, 4 represents the four main venues in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan and Macao, and N represents all the reading points all over Guangdong, Hubei and Macao. " Huang Jing, the reading promotion department of Shenzhen Library, said that the "reading together" activity aims to appeal to the public to open books, taste books and enjoy reading.

　　The activity was led by library representatives and representatives from all walks of life, and nearly 150 libraries and more than 430 reading points in Guangdong, Hubei and Macao participated.

　　In addition to "reading in the cloud", Shenzhen Library has also set up a "library on the cloud" to enrich the reading life of citizens. In the "library on the cloud", readers can obtain massive digital resources, and with a reader’s card, almost the whole library is "installed" into the mobile phone. Readers no longer need to read heavy books for writing papers, but can easily find them through a network cable.

　　In order to provide readers with a comfortable digital reading experience, Shenzhen Library recently launched the "Digital Reading Hall", which is an online digital reading platform based on WeChat applet development. From the long queue in the early morning to the "digital reading hall" in the middle of the night, readers are enthusiastic about online reading. Only one week after its opening, the number of visits to the platform was about 36,000, and the number of visits to resources exceeded 340,000.

　　"Visiting the library at home is not only a helpless move under the influence of the epidemic, but may become a new way of reading in the future." Xiao Yongzheng, director of the Shenzhen Library Office, said that during this year’s epidemic, Shentu stopped serving in the library for two months, but readers visited 250,000 digital resources outside the library, up 21% compared with the same period in 2019, and downloaded 2.4 trillion resources outside the library, up 58% year-on-year.

　　3D printing is restored, and Yungang Grottoes "move".

　　On June 12th, the exhibition "Weifengtang Hall: Centennial Memory and Reproduction of Yungang Grottoes" was opened in the Art Museum of Zhejiang University. The exhibits included the world’s first detachable 3D printed digital grotto, which is the 12th grotto in Yungang restored in equal proportion.

　　Since August 2016, the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University has cooperated with Yungang Grottoes Research Institute to collect high-fidelity three-dimensional digital information on Cave 12, which lasted for three months and took 55,680 photos at 52 stations. After photogrammetry calculation and manual interactive 3D processing, the cooperative team established a high-fidelity color 3D model of Cave 12.

　　"In order to make cultural relics go out and move, Yungang Grottoes Research Institute has adopted laser scanning and 3D printing technology in recent years, and has copied the third cave, the twelfth cave and the eighteenth cave in equal proportion, realizing disassembly, transportation and moving at any time." Cui Xiaoxia, vice president of Yungang Grottoes Research Institute, said.

　　3D printing of Buddha statues includes five basic steps: data collection, cutting analysis, data adjustment, printing and transportation, and splicing and coloring. Among them, data acquisition and processing is an important step in the pre-link. Ningbo, director of the Digital Studio of Yungang Grottoes Research Institute, said: "The Buddha statues in Yungang Grottoes are high reliefs with a concentrated sense of spatial depth, such as the ears of the Buddha statues, which have a strong three-dimensional sense, which also means that scanning and mapping are more difficult."

　　“‘ Shape, quality and color ’ , are indispensable. Datong, Shanxi, where Yungang Grottoes are located, is located in ‘ Beyond the Great Wall ’ The sandstone here has a unique graininess. To print such a texture, it must be sandblasted later. " After more than a year of repeated screening, combined with the comprehensive indicators of anti-aging, hydrophobicity, fire resistance, hardness and so on, the polymer organic compound material was finally adopted, which has high hardness and good portability, and the printed grottoes can be preserved for 50 years, and can resist the threat of summer heat, strong wind and fire.

　　The results of data collection can achieve "one fish to eat more". On the one hand, 3D printing allows cultural relics to go to all parts of the world, and on the other hand, it can also use data for online modeling and realize the cloud exhibition on the mobile side. At present, you can log in to Yungang Grottoes through the mobile phone WeChat terminal, watch panoramic VR and enjoy the grottoes culture beyond the Great Wall thousands of years ago at close range. As of June 22 this year, the total number of panoramic roaming in the digital room of Yungang Grottoes was about 321,000.