Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 28th Question: In March, these new regulations came into effect.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Bai Yang

In March, a number of new regulations came into effect. 111 drugs were included in the new national medical insurance drug list; The new version focuses on controlling the list of new pollutants to defend the clear water and blue sky; The new regulations on cosmetics supervision strengthen the sampling inspection of children’s cosmetics and other products … more perfect rule of law, more secure protection.

111 drugs were included in the new national medical insurance drug list.

The new version of the national medical insurance drug list will be implemented on March 1.

The new national medical insurance drug list added 111 drugs, including 2 drugs for COVID-19, 7 drugs for rare diseases, 22 drugs for children, etc. Most of them were newly listed within 5 years.

The total number of drugs in the adjusted national medical insurance drug list reached 2967. After Azvudine Tablets and Qingfei Paidu Granules were included in the national medical insurance drug list, there are more than 600 drugs for treating COVID-19’s symptoms such as fever and cough in the national medical insurance drug list.

The new version of the list of key pollutants takes effect.

The 2023 version of the list of new pollutants under key control will be implemented on March 1.

New pollutants refer to toxic and harmful chemicals discharged into the environment, which have the characteristics of biotoxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, and pose great risks to the ecological environment or human health, but have not been brought into management or the existing management measures are insufficient.

The list defines 14 kinds of key new pollutants to be controlled and their environmental risk control measures such as prohibition, restriction and discharge restriction. Departments of ecological environment, industry and information technology, agriculture and rural areas, commerce, market supervision and management, and customs at all levels should strengthen the control and governance of new pollutants according to the division of responsibilities.

Strengthen the sampling inspection of children’s cosmetics and other products

The Measures for the Administration of Cosmetic Sampling Inspection came into effect on March 1st.

The method is clear. National Medical Products Administration organizes the national cosmetic sampling inspection every year, and is responsible for establishing the national cosmetic sampling laboratory information system and strengthening the information construction of cosmetic sampling inspection.

Cosmetics sampling inspection should focus on children’s cosmetics and special cosmetics, cosmetics using new raw materials, cosmetics with more problems found in supervision, etc.

Fully guarantee the quality and safety of food-related products

The Interim Measures for Quality and Safety Supervision and Management of Food-related Products came into effect on March 1st.

The interim measures clarify the main responsibility of the "first responsible person" of the producers and sellers and the territorial supervision responsibility of the market supervisors, and require producers to be equipped with quality and safety directors and quality safety officers.

In the supervision and inspection of the whole production process, producers are required to establish management systems and control measures such as raw and auxiliary materials management, production key point control, factory inspection control, etc., so as to realize the quality and safety traceability of food-related products.

Establish and improve the modern livestock and poultry breeding system

The newly revised Animal Husbandry Law came into effect on March 1st, which made it clear that the people’s governments at or above the county level should incorporate the development of animal husbandry into the national economic and social development plan, and put forward that the state should establish and improve the modern livestock and poultry breeding system.

The newly revised animal husbandry law has revised and improved the provisions on strengthening the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases, doing a good job in the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure and ensuring public health and safety. Shall not violate the provisions of laws and regulations, the construction of livestock and poultry farms in prohibited areas.

Improve the language and writing standards of information technology products.

The Provisions on the Administration of the Use of National Common Language and Characters for Information Technology Products shall come into force on March 1st.

According to the regulations, digital and online publications use the national common language and characters, and should conform to the language and characters standards such as Chinese Pinyin, Putonghua pronunciation, standardized Chinese characters, modern Chinese word forms, punctuation marks and digital usage.

If it is necessary to use Chinese dialects, traditional Chinese characters and variant Chinese characters, it shall comply with the relevant provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters.

Improve the management system of work for relief.

The newly revised "National Management Measures for Work-for-Relief" came into effect on March 1st.

The newly revised method clarifies the implementation scope, beneficiaries, construction fields and relief modes of the work-for-relief policy, emphasizes the policy objectives of paying labor remuneration to the people involved in the project construction and developing skills training, further improves the specific requirements of the work-for-relief investment plan, special fund project management, supervision and inspection, and adds the contents of implementing the work-for-relief policy for key projects invested by the government and promoting the work-for-relief mode in the field of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction.

Encourage the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into national standards.

The newly revised Measures for the Administration of National Standards came into effect on March 1st.

The new method encourages the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into national standards, promotes scientific and technological research and standard development simultaneously around national scientific research projects and active areas of market innovation, and improves the timeliness of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into national standards. Group standards that are advanced, leading and effective in implementation and need to be promoted and implemented nationwide can be formulated as national standards according to procedures.

Building a team of high-quality professional reserve personnel

The law on reserve personnel shall come into force on March 1.

As a basic and comprehensive law that comprehensively regulates the work of reserve personnel, this law comprehensively regulates the leadership and management system, identity attributes and classification of reserve personnel, as well as reserve ranks, selection and supplement, education and training, promotion and appointment, daily management, recruitment, treatment guarantee, withdrawal from reserve service and legal responsibilities.

　　Wei Minzhou, member of the Standing Committee of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and secretary of Xi ‘an Municipal Party Committee, and Du Hangwei, vice governor, went to the scene to direct the disposal and rescue of the wounded.

　　Xi ‘an Net News: At about 12: 40 on April 28, a long-distance bus with the license plate number Shaanxi AG7597 caught fire 200 meters in front of the lawn tunnel in Lantian section of Fuyin Expressway, causing 8 deaths and 5 injuries. After preliminary investigation by the public security organs, it was a criminal case of hijacking and arson. After receiving the report, Wei Minzhou, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Du Hangwei, Vice Governor, and Shangguan Jiqing, Mayor, rushed to the scene immediately to direct the disposal and rescue of the wounded.

　　Wei Minzhou, Du Hangwei and Shangguan Jiqing made arrangements for the treatment and rehabilitation of the wounded after on-site inspection and listening to the relevant situation of the case. First, immediately organize health, public security, fire protection, transportation and other departments to carry out rescue, at all costs, do their best to rescue the wounded and do their best to minimize casualties. Second, the public security department immediately set up a task force to fully investigate the case. The third is to properly do a good job in appeasement and rehabilitation of the families of the casualties, and timely announce the medical treatment and case investigation to the public. The fourth is to strengthen social prevention and control and maintain social security and stability.

　　At present, the case is under investigation, traffic has been restored, and various aftermath work is being carried out in an orderly manner.

　　Liu Chunyan, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Lv Jian, Ren Junhao and Huang Haiqing, leaders of the city, relevant municipal departments and the principal responsible comrades of Lantian County attended the on-site disposal.

　　How to save yourself when a long-distance bus fires.

　　Before introducing all the survival knowledge, we should focus on the cliche that you should fasten your seat belt at all times as long as you are in the car, because the seat belt is the most effective safety facility whether you are hit at rest or while driving. In addition, it is suggested that everyone should abide by traffic laws and regulations, not speeding or driving illegally, and minimize the chance of accidents. It is best to have no place to display survival skills.

　　At present, there is little information about how to save yourself in a car accident in China, which can be said to be very imperfect, and there is no relevant department to publicize and educate everyone how to deal with it when a car accident occurs.

　　First of all, let’s start with self-help. If a vehicle has an accident, there are usually the following situations: two vehicles collide when driving relatively, and a bicycle rear-ends other vehicles or hits a fixed object, or rolls over and rolls over after being hit by other vehicles. How to save yourself after the car rolled over after the accident, please look down.

　　If you first determine whether you are seriously injured after a collision, and if you are in good health, you must try your best to get out of the car. First of all, you must try to escape by opening the door, but in most cases, the car body is damaged after the collision, and it is difficult to open the door and the car body. If you can’t open it several times, you must choose to break the window.

　　How to escape when the people in the car are not injured, but after the accident, the members in the car will be hurt more or less, and they can’t do their best in the case of physical injury, so I suggest you try to escape by opening the car door first. If any glass is broken by impact, that’s your escape exit. And if all the glass in the car is intact and the door can’t be opened normally, then escape by using tools in the car or breaking the glass.

　　A traffic accident claimed 36 lives. At about 2: 40 am on August 26th of a certain year, a serious traffic accident occurred near Huaziping service area in Ansai County section of Baomao Expressway in Yan ‘an City, Shaanxi Province. A double-decker sleeper bus collided with a large tanker (filled with methanol) and the two cars caught fire. A total of 36 people were killed in the accident, and only three people escaped from the accident.

　　In recent years, long-distance bus accidents have increasingly entered the public’s field of vision, and every tragic accident has knocked on the fragile mind of reality. When we delve into the loopholes in the system and the lack of management, we should strengthen our own fire safety awareness. Strong desire for survival and skillful escape skills can make us more calm in the face of terrible accidents. When you escape, you can also save the lives of others.

　　In the accident, the bus was embedded in the tanker for about 2 meters, and the door on the right front side of the car body could not be opened. In the design of the bus, there was only one front door. The car is closed except for the last two windows. In this accident, the fire developed rapidly, and the methanol leaked from the tanker in the accident will burn quickly when it meets an open flame in the air. It is understood that the fire surrounded the whole car two minutes after the impact, and the bus at this time has become a "human purgatory." The time left for passengers to escape in this accident is only two minutes, and we can’t know what the 36 dead people were thinking in the last two minutes of their lives.

　　The dead are long gone, and the living are often sad. We should know and learn how to escape from a burning accident car.

　　Core reading

　　Not long ago, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions on flood control and disaster relief, requiring relevant departments to accurately guide key areas to do disaster prevention work such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, dangers in small and medium-sized reservoirs and urban waterlogging, and spare no effort to rescue and provide disaster relief. All localities and departments pay close attention to the floods of small and medium-sized rivers and the safety of small and medium-sized reservoirs, and implement preventive measures to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　At present, China has officially entered the critical period of "seven downs and eight highs" flood control, and many places have entered the main flood season. Since the flood season, China has experienced 18 times of heavy rainfall, and 271 rivers in 21 provinces have experienced floods exceeding the police. The rainy areas are mainly concentrated in the central northeast, the eastern northwest, the southwestern part of North China, the western part of Huanghuai, the eastern part of Jianghuai and the northwestern part of Hubei.

　　It is predicted that during the period of "Seven Downs and Eight Ups", there will be more extreme weather and climate events, and regional floods, droughts, high temperature and heat waves will be more important. How to prevent disasters such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, dangers in small and medium-sized reservoirs and urban waterlogging? How to make up the short board? The reporter conducted an interview.

　　Grab early and grab small to deal with floods in small and medium-sized rivers.

　　In 4 hours, the rainwater converged from the Simian mountain slope, and the water level of the Qijiang River rose sharply. At the beginning of July, the "No.1 flood of the Qijiang River in 2023" was formed. "The floods in small and medium-sized rivers form quickly and the test is not small." Du Na, director of the Hydrology and Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Center in Qijiang District of Chongqing, said.

　　Forecasts and warnings run ahead, winning the initiative for flood control. "After receiving the weather forecast and the warning of rising water risk in advance, we will transmit the early warning information to 70 villages in the first time. The person in charge of monitoring and early warning and the person in charge of transfer and resettlement will arrive at their posts in time to investigate potential risks and prepare emergency materials in advance. " Duna introduced.

　　Chongqing has rugged mountains and developed water systems, and small and medium-sized rivers are the focus of flood control. This year, Chongqing has defined the "four responsible persons" of the people’s government for flood control and flood fighting in 104 mountainous rivers, such as the chief executive, the competent department, the township and village river chiefs, and the patrol and management, and made every effort to ensure flood control safety.

　　Small and medium-sized rivers have many points and a wide range. How to prevent floods? "There are about 10,000 small and medium-sized rivers in China. These rivers have small areas, fast confluence and sudden floods. At the same time, the flood control standard is low, the forecasting and early warning system is lacking, and many factors are superimposed, making small and medium-sized rivers a high-risk area for floods. " Zuo Qiting, a professor at Zhengzhou University School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, introduced.

　　Take multiple measures to ensure flood control safety. Yao Wenguang, director of the Department of Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that before the flood season, the water conservancy department carried out all-round inspections on river flood discharge, dike safety, and plan preparation, highlighting the river-related risks such as blocking backwater of bridges and culverts across ditches and silting of ditches, and urging all localities to improve plans and eliminate hidden dangers. During the flood season, we should adhere to the rolling forecast and early warning, improve the "call-to-answer" mechanism, and urge water conservancy departments at all levels to strengthen inspection and duty, and preset rescue forces, materials and equipment to ensure that dangerous situations can be found, reported and disposed of in time.

　　All localities heard of the "flood" and moved to implement various measures in detail. Hubei province has improved the early warning "call-and-answer" mechanism that integrates pre-response and goes directly to the front line to ensure that information reaches people. Jiangsu Province has completed the compilation of early warning response mechanism schemes for nine important flood channels, such as Sanhe Sluice and Huaihe River Inlet Channel, to ensure the flood safety of small and medium rivers.

　　"In the long run, it is necessary to coordinate emergency response and long-term planning." Zuo Qiting introduced that it is suggested to further strengthen the system management of small and medium-sized rivers, coordinate the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main tributaries, scientifically formulate plans, carry out system management, promote dike reinforcement, dredging, water system connectivity, hardening and beautification, etc., and improve the overall flood control capacity. Next, the Ministry of Water Resources and related areas will speed up the pace of governance, giving priority to the implementation of river sections with cities at or above the county level, important towns and relatively concentrated populations along the river.

　　Compacting responsibility to ensure the safety of small and medium-sized reservoirs in flood season

　　At present, more than 98,000 reservoirs of various types have been built in China, which is of great responsibility to ensure the safety of reservoirs during flood season.

　　There are 4 medium-sized reservoirs and 26 small reservoirs in Wu ‘an City, Hebei Province, at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. The mountain is high and steep, and the source is short and the current is urgent. Once it encounters a rainstorm, the water level of the reservoir rises and falls sharply. "When the inspection is in place, I have a bottom in my heart." Huo Hongjun, a staff member of Shangkou Reservoir, said, "The reservoir operates at a water level below the flood limit. We have comprehensively overhauled the power generation tunnel, flood discharge tunnel, generator set and early warning equipment, and inspected key parts twice a day to ensure foolproof."

　　The "three responsible persons" of administration, technology and inspection must all be in place, and the key parts of the reservoir such as spillway and drainage facilities and the preparation of protective measures should be comprehensively investigated. In principle, all dangerous reservoirs will run empty during the main flood season … … A series of measures protect the reservoir from flood. "The key to reservoir flood control is prevention. When the responsibility goes to people, measures can be put in place. " Yao Wenguang said that when the reservoir stores and discharges flood, all personnel in the flood threat area should be transferred immediately. When the reservoir is in danger, it should be handled in time, and the personnel within the affected area should be transferred in advance to ensure the safety of people’s lives.

　　All localities should actively explore according to local conditions. Hubei Province requires that the responsible persons of dangerous reservoirs and reservoirs with high water level should be on duty at the dam during heavy rainfall. At present, the monitoring platform of Jingchu Reservoir has conducted telephone spot checks on more than 7,000 people and sent more than 18,000 early warning messages. Guizhou province pays special attention to the 24-hour patrol duty of dangerous reservoirs and reservoirs under construction, and requires that the reservoirs under construction should not be impounded without water storage acceptance.

　　Small reservoirs need extra vigilance during flood season. Zuo Qiting introduced that there are about 94,000 small reservoirs in China, accounting for over 95% of the total number of reservoirs. Small reservoirs have some problems, such as early construction time, low standard, unclear ownership and imperfect management. On the one hand, improve engineering measures, promote the reinforcement of small reservoirs and improve infrastructure. On the other hand, strengthen the construction of non-engineering system, strengthen forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and pre-planning measures, and ensure that someone is in charge, can rescue and can transfer in case of danger.

　　This year, the Ministry of Water Resources has implemented 128 large and medium-sized and 3,500 small dangerous reservoirs in an orderly manner, and basically completed the construction of rainwater forecasting facilities and dam safety monitoring facilities for small reservoirs before the flood season.

　　Precise policy to prevent urban waterlogging

　　In the middle of the night of July 6, Guangshui City, Hubei Province suffered from heavy rainfall and accumulated water in many parts of the city. Assemble teams, check hidden dangers and control traffic … … Up to now, Hubei has dispatched 18,000 emergency response forces and more than 2,800 equipment and vehicles, effectively ensuring the safety of urban operation during heavy rainfall.

　　In recent years, various regions and departments have intensified their efforts and made positive progress in urban waterlogging control, but there are also problems such as insufficient natural storage space and lagging drainage facilities. "Especially with the acceleration of urbanization, infrastructure such as high-rise buildings, roads and squares has changed the underlying surface to a great extent, and the formation time of urban waterlogging is fast, the flood peak flow is large, and the prevention is more difficult." Zuo Qiting said.

　　It is the key to prevent urban waterlogging and identify the risk points. The Ministry of Water Resources requires that urban flood control should be placed in the river basin flood control system, and the "four preparations" for forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and plan should be done well, and the measures of "refusing, bypassing and discharging" should be implemented. Hubei focused on urban main roads and drainage canals in waterlogging-prone sections, overhauled and maintained the facilities of drainage pumping stations in 463 cities, and timely rectified 278 waterlogging-prone points; Jiangsu has completed the renovation of 255 urban flood-prone areas (points).

　　Urban waterlogging should not only be prevented, but also treated. Zuo Qiting introduced, discharging, stagnation, infiltration and storage, and making full efforts. Arrange the drainage pumping station and other equipment, unblock the backbone drainage channel, let the accumulated water be discharged and the flood flow away; Increase urban green space and build a sponge city to allow rainwater to seep down; Keep the urban wetlands well, improve the rainwater storage facilities, and let the rainwater have a place to store.

　　"Urban construction should find a way for floods." Zuo Qiting introduced that rivers, lakes and reservoirs are natural flood storage places, and rivers are natural flood passages. The concept of green development runs through the whole process of urban planning and construction, and production, living and ecological space are rationally arranged, taking a connotative, intensive and green high-quality development path.

　　Coordinator of this issue: Guo Yue

　　Cctv news(Reporter Gao Shijia): On April 17, the National Bureau of Statistics released the GDP data for the first quarter of this year. In the first quarter, the gross domestic product (GDP) was 20,650.4 billion yuan, which was 6.8% lower than the same period of last year at comparable prices, showing the first negative growth for many years. The sudden COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on China’s economic operation. How should we view the growth of -6.8% in the first quarter? What is the future direction of the real economy and capital market?

　　For example, Guan Qingyou, president of the Financial Research Institute and chief economist, believes that the negative growth of 6.8% truly reflects the impact of the epidemic on the domestic economic operation. The bottom of the economy has been confirmed throughout the year, and the worst period has passed. After the data is released, both macro policies and enterprises can go into battle lightly, and the space and rhythm of policy operation will be more clear. Corporate bail-out and people’s livelihood assistance will be the focus of future macro policies. At present, both enterprises and individuals should keep the bottom line thinking, lower expectations and ensure cash flow and basic rate of return. China’s economic resilience is still there. If we remain optimistic, it will be even better next year.

　　This year’s economic bottom has confirmed that the worst is over.

　　CCTV reporter: How do you view the negative economic growth of 6.8% in the first quarter?

　　Guan Qingyou:The growth in the first quarter was -6.8%, which was basically determined to be the bottom of the whole year from the data. The data in March has rebounded from the previous month, and the data in the next second quarter will definitely be better than that in the first quarter.

　　-6.8% is a realistic data. On the one hand, it reflects the actual impact of the epidemic on economic operation, suggesting that we must attach great importance to the sharp economic decline, support enterprises to bail out, stimulate consumption, and release vitality through reform. On the other hand, if the impact of the epidemic is clarified, macro policies and enterprises can go into battle lightly, clarify the space, intensity and rhythm of policy operation, stabilize employment and stabilize the basic market.

　　Of course, it must also be noted that the statistics reflect the basic situation and there is also a "survivor bias". In many fields and industries, the actual impact is more serious, and it is indispensable for enterprises to save themselves. Under the current domestic macro-policy space, it is very urgent to start with factor reform and stimulate a new round of growth vitality.

　　Objectively speaking, China has great room for economic growth and strong resilience. As long as we think correctly and take proper measures, China will surely recover fastest and best among the major economies in the world. In the long run, China’s economic growth potential is still great, which is unique among the major economies in the world.

　　CCTV reporter: What impact will the global epidemic spread have on China’s economy? Has the worst of this year passed?

　　Guan Qingyou:The spread of global epidemic will also have an impact on transportation, shipping and international trade in the future. Epidemic prevention and control requires global cooperation and joint efforts. We should also be mentally prepared to deal with the impact of the epidemic for a long time. It can be said that the current world is in a great change that has never happened in a century. Apart from the economy, we should be aware of the subsequent changes in the world economic order and political order.

　　The biggest impact of this epidemic — — The period of economic shutdown has passed. At present, China has started to focus on epidemic prevention and control, and at the same time, to resume work and production. Although the subsequent chain reaction still exists, it will be expected.

　　Personally, I think the worst of this year has passed. Although a large number of enterprises may be eliminated because of the epidemic, it is cruel, but the crisis is organic, and at the same time, more new formats, new business models and new technologies will be born, and the process of coping with the crisis is also an opportunity to make up for shortcomings and promote reform. It is now easier to reach a consensus on deepening reform, speed up the search for new kinetic energy for economic development, and release new reform dividends.

　　2020 will be an asset year with many structural opportunities.

　　CCTV reporter: What do you think of the capital market this year?

　　Guan Qingyou:The economic data of the first quarter and the quarterly report of listed companies have been released one after another, which is a bad thing for the capital market as a whole.

　　Personally, I am very optimistic about this year’s market. Because the first half of the year is definitely in a bottom area, with the announcement of the first quarterly report of listed companies, the impact of the epidemic on enterprises is gradually clear, and the expectations are clear. From the perspective of the capital market, 2020 will be an asset year.

　　This year’s macro policies are relatively restrained, and there will be no flooding and no unexpected easing. Therefore, the overall index of the stock market will not rise sharply as in 2015, but there will be many structural opportunities. This year, we mainly look at sectors and individual stocks, not the overall index. Many sectors have been greatly affected by the epidemic in the short term. After the shock, prices and valuations are more matched, and assets with higher cost performance have more opportunities to buy.

　　At this time, the anti-risk ability of leading enterprises with relatively stable performance will be highlighted, and the leading effect of "the strong will remain strong" will continue. There are also many consumer sectors that have been significantly affected by the epidemic. The short-term decline in performance is relatively severe, but the cost performance will increase, and there is room for growth in the future, which is an opportunity to buy. Opportunities for technology stocks mainly depend on whether there are independent core technologies, and enterprises with low added value in the industrial chain at both ends will have high anti-risk ability, which requires in-depth analysis and identification by investors.

　　CCTV reporter: How do you assess the impact of this epidemic on the industrial chain of the real economy?

　　Guan Qingyou:The reconstruction of the global industrial chain under the influence of the epidemic is certain, but it is still uncertain how strong it is.

　　I have a deduction conjecture. Looking at the extended cycle, the state of globalization can be divided into three cycles. The first cycle is 1945— In 1991, from the end of World War II to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, this stage was the formation of two camps and two parallel markets in the East and the West. The second cycle is 1991— In 2016, with the expansion of globalization and the gradual formation of a unified global market, China gradually integrated into the world and became the world’s factory. Many countries, including China, benefited from globalization and developed rapidly. The third cycle began in 2016, with Trump being elected as the president of the United States as the node. The degree of anti-globalization has deepened, or semi-globalization and regionalization have become more obvious. The economic ties between countries in the world will not be cut off, but the overall situation is much weaker than before.

　　According to this calculation, from 2016, this state will continue for decades in the future. If the deduction comes true, it will be a very regrettable scene. China must also learn to face the new economic order and rethink the future development strategy.

　　Corporate bail-out and livelihood assistance will be the focus of future policies.

　　CCTV reporter: What are your expectations for future macro policies?

　　Guan Qingyou:This year’s macro policy should focus on corporate bail-outs and people’s livelihood assistance. To bail out enterprises, we should not only have quantitative tools, but also have price tools. If the interest rate is only cut between the central bank and financial institutions, it is likely to form financial idling. Therefore, it is necessary to directly reduce the loan interest rate to solve the problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for SMEs. On the issue of enterprise bail-out, financial institutions need to make profits to small and medium-sized enterprises, and gradually realize the marketization of interest rates in this process. Only by allowing thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises in Qian Qian to survive as much as possible can we solve the employment problem and stabilize the basic market.

　　With regard to people’s livelihood assistance, the key point is to prevent a humanitarian crisis, and to increase assistance subsidies for the unemployed and needy groups. For example, the issuance of consumer vouchers is very good. Based on our basic national conditions, it is targeted to low-income groups, difficult groups and unemployed groups.

　　CCTV reporter: Which risk is greater, economic inflation or deflation? How should individuals deal with various risks?

　　Guan Qingyou:Now there are two States: inflation from CPI and deflation from PPI. So now the economy is in an atypical stagflation state, and the situation is more complicated. But we might as well jump out of the framework of western textbooks and return to traditional Chinese wisdom — — In the year of great disasters and epidemics, you are frivolous and have a rest.

　　It is necessary for ordinary people to tighten their belts and reduce unnecessary expenses. This is a passive response. Furthermore, try to hold assets that are less affected by inflation or deflation, such as holding money in deflation and holding assets in inflation. As for how long it will last, investors need to strengthen their own learning and have a basic understanding and judgment of the status quo.

　　Investment risks are great, especially in the complicated period. For individuals and families, the most important thing is to stabilize cash flow. Ordinary people should lower their income expectations, such as investing in some sound bank wealth management products. We should have a bottom line thinking, constantly improve our cognitive ability and professional level, and have our own core competitiveness. There is no point in being pessimistic now. Next year will definitely be better.

Author: fried hawthorn with sugar

Reprinted source: a little drama reading (ID: yidianjd)

What will the director look like if he can shoot an online drama like "Reverse Life" that makes people laugh from beginning to end?

Before the interview, a little drama read countless times to imagine this problem. Especially when I saw his resume from a dancer to a drama actor, and transformed into a drama director, a TV column director and a film and television drama director, my heart was actually a little uneasy. In previous media reports, he is a "male classmate with stories" and a representative of "obviously relying on face but relying on talent to eat".

Chen Chang is really busy, and this kind of "busy" can also be understood as a bumper harvest.Reverse Life will end tonight.Previously, the dual-platform webcast volume of the drama has exceeded 700 million, and the Tik Tok broadcast volume is 660 million, ranking among the little dark horses; A female emotional drama directed by him"Their Counterattack" was also officially announced in May and will be launched soon.. He himself is busy at the shooting scene of Love.This is another urban emotional drama created by Ning Meng Film.

The interview was conducted in the evening after the filming, and then he had to join a new round of meetings. The most obvious feeling is that, unlike "I like you" and "Reverse Life", which give people a sense of laughter, there are quite a few brain holes. Director Chen Chang is more rational and true, and he believes in the natural precipitation in his exploration and experience.

After entering the film and television industry for nearly ten years, he bluntly said that he was only a "primary school student." He devoted himself to exploring the fusion proposition of romanticism and realism, and permeated all his works with emotion; He admits that happiness is regarded as one of his film and television styles, but he also says that he doesn’t deliberately choose scripts with happiness elements. It’s just that the experience of nearly 20 years has made happiness something engraved into his bone marrow and blood, which will be loaded naturally when filming.

But life in reverse is slightly different for him.Here’s a new attempt that he "hasn’t done before and may not do in the future".And with "Reverse Life", we will also enter the "reverse life" belonging to director Chen Chang.

Reverse life: in the constant movement,

Cultivation of "Young Directors"

　

"Dance doesn’t seem to be a particularly long road";

"I took several plays and found that the actors at that time were very passive";
Drama is bitter and the pay is not much, but you need to support your family.

Chen Chang summed up his several leaps in just three sentences, from dancing to actors to drama actors. At a very young age, his thinking is very realistic and mature. From the public information, it was in 2004 that he became a director of TV programs, which was about 27 years old.

Drama, TV programs and film and television dramas constitute his work experience for nearly twenty years. The first two have alternated for ten years, and now he has also stayed in the field of film and television dramas for ten years.

Chen Chang became attached to the film and television drama, mainly thanks to the guidance of well-known producer Jiang Yiting. In 2017, the two collaborated on the realistic theme "Accompanying Mom", which attracted a high degree of market attention. In his memory, when he first entered the film and television drama market, he actually didn’t adapt: compared with drama, the shooting volume of TV drama is larger, and its time cost also requires the director to respond quickly. At that time, the pressure will be greater.

It was not until "Newly Married Apartment" in 2015 that everything got a little better. The theme of sitcom made him gradually find the feeling of filming TV dramas, and he also began to integrate his experience on the stage of drama and apply it to the filming of TV dramas.For example, he will pay more attention to the actor’s lines and the tension in the actor’s performance.

Another exampleHe likes to use drama actors more and more in TV plays.Take Reverse Life as an example. Wu Yaheng, the actor of Li Qinghua, the director of my injustice, and Liang Chao, the actor who envies countless people, are all actors who have cooperated with him many times and have rich experience in stage performances.

Zhongzhong Yu, the director, is another person he mentioned, and Chen Chang called him a "close friend" and a "teacher". "Teach me a lot of shooting skills and methods, is Zhongzhong Yu.I am committed to being an idol drama director with a sense of life. I want to make some film and television dramas that combine romanticism with realism, and romanticism is derived from such a person. ". The two also co-directed many film and television dramas, such as The Master of Composition.

Constantly accumulating and groping, the time is 2020.Chen Chang handed over his masterpiece: I like you.Although the film version of Zhuyu was in the first place, once the play was launched, it quickly triggered a real fragrance effect and quickly swept the network. Last year’s "Good Words and Freehand brushwork" also achieved remarkable results.

Continuously handing over high-quality masterpieces, Chen Chang is also known and loved by more young Internet audiences. And his past experience was also called by the media."Male students with stories"However, in Chen Chang’s view, this frequent change is not to change the track, but to complement each other."Every changing stage is ultimately integrated".

Just as the study of dancing and drama can be brought into play in the direction of TV columns, the drama experience is also becoming an important nutrient in the process of directing his film and television dramas. "Reverse Life" is the "atypical answer sheet".

Reversing the new idea: starting with the actor,

Breakthroughs standing on the "leveling line"

　

Chen Chang is always calm and has no taboo.

When talking about "I like you" in 2020, he once bluntly said, "Not losing movies is my most basic requirement for myself"; In 2022, "Reverse Life" was broadcast. In view of the film-and-television discussion of body exchange, Chen Chang also bluntly said: In the past, film and television dramas were just the "leveling line". We can’t go below the leveling line, but we should go up.

"This (body exchange) is not the theme of a rotten street. Until today, I also think that this play has a certain freshness."Chen Chang stressed. How to make "Reverse Life" new?

Chen Chang put the most critical point on the control of actors’ performances.There are often body exchanges in film and television dramas, but how to grasp the unique sense of freshness belonging to the campus of this drama and make the whole drama "fresh and interesting first, then sweet and warm", sweet but not greasy, needs to be achieved through the performance of actors.

He always has his own insistence on the choice of actors, such as Lin Yushen’s overwhelming opinion in "I like you" and "Reverse Life". From the beginning, he was determined to choose "raw face".He set four criteria: first, it is consistent with the role of the script; Second, the actor’s image is clean and pure; Third, have enthusiasm for the role; Fourth, actors should not have too heavy personal labels.

During the audition, Chen Chang took a fancy to Ma Sichao (played by Qiao Nan) at a glance. "He is clean and pure, with light in his eyes and enthusiasm for the role. He has the feeling of being a boy’s grandfather and the shyness of a girl. " The image of Zhou’s long hair on the first side is also amazing to Chen Chang, which is quite different from the previous temperament of "vigorously charming", and her speech is indeed somewhat boyish.

In this way, the two most important actors are sure. In order to help them find the role of Mu Xiang in the play as soon as possible and feel different from Qiao Nanshi, Chen Chang spent a lot of time: for example, let them perform "proofing" for each other, and at the same time interview some male and female staff on the cast to find performance inspiration.

Chen Chang doesn’t think that there must be an important node to witness the actor’s "enlightenment", which should be a gradual process.And when he saw "Qiao Nan" still played by Zhou put his hand on the taekwondo players and jumped up to say hello to "Mu Xiang" played by Ma Sichao, he felt that everything was right at that moment.

The group image of "no instrumental villain" is an important reason why many viewers think this drama is eye-catching.An interesting point,Different from the "unfamiliar face" of the leading role, there are a large number of mature actors familiar to the audience in the supporting role, which also balances the market awareness of the cast to some extent.

Speaking of group image-building, in Chen Chang’s view, the protagonist should undertake the narrative function. In contrast, the script space of the supporting role is limited, but the performance space is relatively large. "They don’t have to bear too many logical lines, but there are often some places where inspiration breaks out," he explained.

In the play, Li Qinghua, the director of injustice, and Qiao Yuanshan, the "super brother" Qiao Rui, who have a traditional sense of China’s father’s sight, have deepened the audience’s memory because of the contrast of the character setting itself, the plump characters and their own sense of joy. In particular, "Li Qinghua" and Chen Chang collided with each other on the spot, resulting in a hilarious scene of "the sad monument is so cold".

From the leading role to the supporting role, it constitutes a "new character".

Reverse life: the comedy buff is full,

Why is it an "atypical answer sheet"?

The second key to making a new idea is Chen Chang’s integration with bone and blood:Happy feeling. The typical comedy situation of body exchange also gave him more room to play.

For many years, Chen Chang has always insisted on injecting certain joyful elements into film and television dramas, making them the nourishment of content and synthesizing some "hostility". Even in his view,This joy is not limited to any subject.This is also reflected in his previous dramas such as "I like you".

The filling of joyful elements in film and television dramas is compared by him to a process of constantly "filling holes", which is to put new soil into the space left by scriptwriters.It’s just that "Reverse Life" has a little more space, almost 50%.The joining of the new generation of actors is also a "plus item" to strengthen the drama’s happiness: they have more time to ensure the shooting and rehearsal of the crew, because "comedy needs rehearsal."

"You have to do your homework the day before shooting, take your books, adapt to the whole scene during shooting, and rehearse those lines with the actors, including the establishment of baggage, and so on. Because the rhythm of comedy is a little stronger than that of ordinary drama, and then it is a little bit dead.Comedy looks casual, but it is a very certain art.",Chen Chang explained.

Sometimes, Chen Chang will also demonstrate on the spot.He needs actors to follow their own rhythm in the formation of baggage, but at the same time, they should also find the characteristics of actors themselves to blend in and form some chemical reactions together.As for how much joy each actor can finally give, he is "tolerant": teaching by hand, and then editing, can be adjusted.

In fact, it is not interesting to disassemble the creative process of the sense of joy itself, because for Chen Chang, this keen sense of joy is more due to his work experience and the usual accumulation, and will naturally be brought out when needed.

The experience of the drama stage made it easier for him to open his imagination; At the same time, he will continue to draw nutrients from film and television dramas and internalize them into his own things. But in his opinion,Everything can be expressed with joy, but it should also be based on life and emotion, and cannot be suspended.

Just like the scene of Qiao Nan’s "glow under his arm" in "Reverse Life", it must be ironic, but in Chen Chang’s mouth, maybe the creator only saw the glass reflection at first. However, this relatively "grandiose" lens language skillfully magnifies the joyful elements of TV dramas. This is actually the image style customized by Chen Chang for the play.

And so on, there are scenes in which two protagonists talk to their hearts, dialogues of characters under the curtain, etc., all of which highlight the actor’s self-expression through concrete or spare space. These in themselves are in line with the fantasy theme of body exchange, "it has never happened before, and it may not happen in the future."

Although Chen Chang is too busy to catch up with "Reverse Life" episode by episode, he is also actively accepting feedback from the market. For those bugs that were only realized after watching the barrage, he accepted it frankly:To some extent, that is the "necessary price" for comedy exaggeration.

The "atypical" in "Reverse Life" is his insistence on actor selection, and also his buff in joy and fantasy; However, this drama is a typical "Chen Chang’s Works", which absorbs a lot of nutrients from the past drama experience, and the discussion of emotions also runs through: the core of comedy fantasy is the theme of mutual redemption and common growth, and at the same time it is permeated with the discussion of practical issues such as family of origin and personal values.

"Pupils" Chen Chang:

Experience will refine nutrients, and I want to shoot brotherhood.

　

Chen Chang’s next work, Their Counterattack, is a typical female emotional drama, but also a completely different style from Reversing Life.He bluntly said that the most attractive thing about this drama is the sense of independence in every woman.

Although Chen Chang doesn’t feel that his works are diverse, butHe is really trying all kinds of subjects.. Compared with most people, he is not willing to emphasize the so-called "self-style" too early. He believes in natural precipitation and that time experience will naturally extract nutrients.

Just as the experience of drama and TV programs will become his nutrition now, so will the film and television drama shooting itself."Just like shooting an idol drama at the beginning is to’ have beautiful lights, beautiful atmosphere and beautiful characters’, you will gradually find that you need to be grounded, and you should start from the perspective of life and tap the interest from life."For example, Chen Chang said that this is what he will continue to integrate and bless in the future.

In his view, the development of style is not a day or two of sudden enlightenment, but a step-by-step formation of their own shooting habits and creative habits, and then summarized.This is a process of constant maturity, and he believes that even if he returns to drama or TV programs again, he will also have new experience in film and television drama production to learn from.

At present, he just wants to go down the road of TV series. He wants to try a theme that focuses on brotherhood like Genesis, and also wants to try a realistic theme with black humor like I am Yu Huanshui. Walking slowly step by step, he will eventually reach the peak he wants. And we are looking forward to more high-quality works and meeting the audience as soon as possible.

CCTV News:The rendezvous and docking of the Mengtian experimental module and the space station assembly can be said to be the space "handshake" of the two spacecraft with the largest mass in China’s manned spaceflight project, and the control difficulty is obviously increased. To this end, researchers have also come up with many ways to enable them to "shake hands" steadily in space.

This time, the Mengtian experimental module will rendezvous and dock with the space station assembly, which can be said to be the most "powerful" space handshake in China’s space history. The Mengtian experimental module weighs 23 tons, while the space station is a "four-module" combination consisting of Tianhe core module, candlestick experimental module, Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft and Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft, with a total weight of more than 60 tons. In order for these two behemoths to complete rendezvous and docking, they must "shake hands steadily" and minimize the impact force between them.

Liang Xiaofeng, overall chief designer of space station system electricity of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group:In order to overcome the impact of large impact on equipment during docking, in fact, some special designs and damping designs have been made in rendezvous and docking to adapt to large-tonnage and large-mass rendezvous and docking. In the whole docking process, the relay is slowed down or reduced to protect the whole docking mechanism and reduce the impact on the whole assembly and equipment.

Another big test of this rendezvous and docking is that the Mengtian experimental module carries two huge solar panels, which are not only large in area, but also made of flexible materials, just like carrying a pair of huge "soft wings" for rendezvous and docking, and the control difficulty can be said to be unprecedented. To this end, researchers also designed a set of solar array deployment scheme for Mengtian experimental module, which improved the controllability and ensured the safety and success of the mission.

Chao Luo, the overall designer of the space station system of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group:When we docked, the solar wing kept shrinking and flying. After docking, we completed the second deployment of the solar wing.

Space "holding hands" is difficult, and multiple measures are taken to ensure success.

The Mengtian experimental module is similar to the candlestick experimental module launched three months ago, but the rendezvous and docking process is "difficult" and "difficult". In order to solve these problems, researchers have designed a large number of plans and measures to ensure the final success of the rendezvous and docking.

According to reports, the first difficulty of this rendezvous and docking is that after the Mengtian experimental module is in orbit, there is a big deviation from the angle of the sun, which leads to weak power generation capacity of solar panels and energy shortage. If the rendezvous and docking cannot be completed within the specified time, it is necessary to urgently adjust the posture of "Mengtian" towards the sun to replenish energy, which will lead to the delay of rendezvous and docking time. To this end, researchers have specially formulated a failure plan for the rendezvous and docking mission for "Mengtian".

The second difficulty lies in the goal of this rendezvous and docking — — On the space station assembly. In the last rendezvous and docking, the combination was in a symmetrical configuration, but in this rendezvous and docking, the combination was in an L-shaped asymmetrical configuration, which significantly increased the difficulty of the on-orbit attitude control of the space station.

Chao Luo, the overall designer of the space station system of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group:Pitch offset is adopted at a certain angle, which can save a lot of propellant and effectively use space torque. Then, when the Mengtian module enters the final translation and convergence section, the pitch angle will be adjusted to a completely horizontal state to wait for the rendezvous and docking of the Mengtian experimental module.

In addition, when Mengtian approaches the assembly, it is necessary to start the reverse thrust engine to slow down, and the plume of the engine will interfere with the attitude of the assembly, which makes it more difficult to dock the Mengtian experimental module with the space station at the last minute. However, under the "careful design" of scientific researchers, Mengtian experimental module accurately identified the relative distance and posture with the space station assembly, and finally achieved high-precision rendezvous and docking through a little approach.

Three-type solar wing provides abundant energy for China Space Station.

After the docking and transposition of Mengtian experimental module and China Space Station, China Space Station will form a T-shaped configuration, and China Space Station will also use three different solar wings at the same time.

During the planning and design of China Space Station, researchers developed three generations of solar wings according to the characteristics and needs of different cabins, each with its own characteristics. Shenzhou manned spacecraft uses the first generation of rigid solar wings, and Tianzhou cargo spacecraft uses the second generation of semi-rigid solar wings.

Liu Bihai, deputy director of the power supply of the Mengtian experimental cabin of the Space Station of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation:In the first generation, we used a rigid substrate, which was made of carbon fiber and aluminum honeycomb, and its volume was relatively large. On the basis of the further improvement of the original power demand, our cargo ship uses the second generation semi-rigid solar wing, which uses a carbon fiber frame and a glass fiber net, just like a tennis racket, greatly reducing the weight of the whole solar wing.

Compared with shenzhou spaceship and cargo spacecraft, the two experimental cabins of the space station are very large. At the same time, the experimental cabin also needs to carry a large number of cabinets to complete a number of on-orbit experiments, which consumes a lot of electricity. To this end, researchers have specially developed the third generation of flexible solar wings to ensure the electricity demand of the experimental cabin.

Liu Bihai, deputy director of the power supply of the Mengtian experimental cabin of the Space Station of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation:At present, the solar wing used in Mengtian experimental module is our third generation solar wing, which is called flexible solar wing. It has the characteristics of light weight, long life and high power. The power generation capacity of two solar wings in a single cabin is about 18 kilowatts. Generally speaking, the power generation capacity of my single experimental cabin in a dream day can be used by a family of three for three months.

After the combination of Tianhe, Zhentian and Mengtian, the daily power generation of the space station can reach nearly 1000 degrees, making the Chinese space station truly "worry-free".

A new generation of solar wings empowers "dream days"

A new generation of flexible solar panels adds new impetus to China Space Station. What is this flexible solar panel like? What are the characteristics? Follow the reporter from the reception desk to have a look.

General Station reporter Chen Qingbin:The electric energy converted from solar energy is the energy source of spacecraft in orbit. What is different from ordinary spacecraft is that on the Mengtian test module launched this time, it is such a pair of "soft wings" behind me — — Flexible solar panels. As you can see, the veneer of this solar panel is less than 1 mm thick, which can be described as "as thin as paper", and there are many small mirrors with dark blue glass on it. Each small mirror is like a small space power station, which is connected in series and in parallel to form a solar cell array to provide a continuous energy guarantee for the spacecraft.

The solar panels of Mengtian experimental module adopt the latest generation of solar array technology in China — — The flexible triple junction gallium arsenide solar cell array is composed of hundreds of thousands of flexible solar cells. The weight per unit area of these flexible solar cells is only 50% of that of traditional solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency has been greatly increased.

Su Bin, Head of Solar Array Project of Space Station of CLP Energy Co., Ltd.:The conversion efficiency of triple junction gallium arsenide solar cells is more than twice as high as that of traditional ground silicon cells.

In order to ensure the on-orbit life of the space station, the research team continued to develop high-voltage flexible solar array technology, and completed more than 80,000 high-and low-temperature cycle tests to ensure the structural stability and flexibility of the solar array. It is expected that the design life of the low-orbit solar array will be improved from 5 years to 15 years.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Zhengzhou, August 14th: Writing a picture of green development by running rivers — — Enlightenment from the continuous flow of the Yellow River for 20 years

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Song Xiaodong and Liu Shiping

　　On June 26th, 2018, the Yellow River was photographed on the pontoon bridge between Wuba Town, Taiqian County, Henan Province and yinshan town, Dongping County, Shandong Province (photographed by panorama camera). Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　The surging river meanders like a golden ribbon eastward into the sea. In people’s impression, "how the Yellow River’s waters move out of heaven" ran all the way into the sea, but in fact, in the past 30 years after the 1970s, the Yellow River was cut off for many years. Since 1999, the state has implemented unified management and dispatching of the Yellow River, and the Yellow River has been continuously flowing for 20 years. This mother river of the Chinese nation is feeding the people with a brand-new life form, and it also provides a model for the management and protection of rivers in the world and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Mother River cut off the river and shouted "thirst" up and down.

　　For thousands of years, the Yellow River has nurtured Chinese sons and daughters like a mother, and has an important strategic position in China’s economic and social development. However, since the 1970s, the Yellow River has been frequently cut off, which not only directly affected the industrial and agricultural production and life in urban and rural areas along the Yellow River, but also further aggravated the river shrinkage, reduced the self-purification capacity of the river and unbalanced the ecosystem, posing a severe test for economic and social development and ecological environment protection.

　　This is a wild goose flying over the Yellow River wetland in Changyuan County, Henan Province on December 25, 2018. Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　Yuan Dongliang, deputy director of the Hydrology Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, said that from 1972 to 1999, the Yellow River was cut off for 22 years, with an average of three times in four years. In 1997, the most serious cut-off occurred so far. The cut-off river extended from the estuary to Kaifeng, Henan Province, with a length of 704 kilometers, accounting for 90% of the total length of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The cut-off of the Yellow River also caused a series of problems such as river shrinkage, reduction of aquatic life and wetland.

　　Why is the Yellow River, which has been flowing for thousands of years, cut off? For this reason, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission set up the project group of "Cause Analysis and Countermeasure Research on the Yellow River Cut-off", and concluded through argumentation and analysis that natural water resources are poor, human water consumption is increasing day by day and scientific management is lacking.

　　This is the winding Yellow River channel (photographed by drone) taken near Zhangzhuang Village, Dongbatou Township, Lankao, Henan Province on June 20, 2018. Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　Zhou Kangjun, a senior engineer of the Water Resources Management and Dispatching Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, said that the Yellow River is located in the arid and semi-arid area of Eurasia, with scarce precipitation and poor water resources. However, with 2% of the country’s water resources, it has undertaken the water supply tasks of 12% of the population, 15% of cultivated land and dozens of large and medium-sized cities. Coupled with the climate impact, the rainfall has decreased, and the agricultural irrigation area and water consumption in the Yellow River basin and downstream irrigation areas have increased rapidly, making the water of the Yellow River poor.

　　Unified regulation of water resources continues to write about the running of rivers

　　Due to the lack of a unified water resources dispatching and management system in the Yellow River in those years, once it encounters a dry year, various places along the river compete for water diversion through water diversion projects, resulting in increasingly serious downstream water cut-off. In 1998, 163 academicians from China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering jointly issued an appeal to "take action to save the Yellow River".

　　In order to solve the crisis of Yellow River cut-off, with the approval of the State Council, in December, 1998, the Ministry of Water Resources and other departments jointly promulgated and implemented the Measures for the Management of Yellow River Water Dispatching, authorizing the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission to implement unified water dispatching of the Yellow River, which was the first in seven river basins in China. On March 1, 1999, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission issued the first dispatching instruction, and 10 days later, the lower reaches of the Yellow River resumed flow as planned.

　　In the past 20 years, the chief executive responsibility system has been implemented in the water dispatching of the Yellow River, and the "Measures for the Management of Water Dispatching of the Yellow River" and other laws and regulations have been strictly implemented, and the water resources management system has become increasingly complete; Jointly dispatch the backbone reservoirs of the main branches and tributaries to fully adjust the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources; Improve the Yellow River water resources management system; Explore ways to optimize the allocation of water resources in the Yellow River by market means, and create a precedent for the transfer and transaction of water rights in China.

　　Ke Sujuan, director of the Water Mediation Department of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission, said that since the unified dispatching of the Yellow River, there have been eight years of extremely dry water, and the water inflow is lower than that in 1997 and 1995, when the interruption was serious. However, through strengthening the dispatching management, there was no interruption.

　　Through 20 years’ water dispatching, a dispatching management model of "unified water distribution by the state, water distribution by provinces (regions), dual control of total water consumption and cross-section flow, and unified dispatching of important water intakes and key reservoirs" has been formed on the Yellow River. The water dispatching scope of the Yellow River has been extended from some sections of the main stream to the whole main stream and important tributaries, from non-flood season to flood season, and the dispatching goal has also changed from ensuring the continuous flow of the Yellow River to actively striving for the functional continuous flow of the Yellow River, paying more attention to the protection of ecological water use, and the dispatching means have been constantly improved.

　　The river flows smoothly and the water is clear, outlining a new picture of green development

　　Vehicles travel on the pontoon bridge between Wuba Town, Taiqian County, Henan Province, and yinshan town, Dongping County, Shandong Province on both sides of the Yellow River (photographed by drone on June 26, 2018). Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　The Yellow River has not been cut off for 20 years, which not only provides water resources for urban and rural development along the line, but also becomes an ecological corridor, radiating 750,000 square kilometers of green water and green mountains. The water resources of the Yellow River have become an important guarantee for the "granary of China" and an important support for national energy security. It is also a ballast stone for the economic and social development of the basin and a star for the improvement of the ecological environment.

　　Ke Sujuan said that Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces (regions) in the Yellow River basin and water supply areas are the main grain producing areas in China, while Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places are important energy bases in China. Since the unified dispatching, the rational distribution, scientific dispatching and dynamic management of the Yellow River water resources have met the water demand of the provinces (regions) to the maximum extent.

　　According to statistics, up to now, the cumulative water supply of the main stream has exceeded 600 billion cubic meters. In the case of the "congenital shortage" of water resources in the Yellow River, it has also diverted water from the Yellow River to Tianjin for 7 times, Hebei for 16 times and Qinghai for 20 times, with a total inter-basin water transfer of 21 billion cubic meters, which has provided water source guarantee for human drinking safety, grain harvest and energy security in the river basin and water supply area, nourished the arid and water-deficient northwest China and watered thousands of miles of fields.

　　This is the spectacular scene of the Yellow River wetland with thousands of birds flying in Changyuan County, Henan Province on December 25, 2018 (taken by drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　Wang Huaru, a senior engineer of the Yellow River Water Resources Protection Research Institute, said that the unified regulation of water quantity kept a certain flow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in non-flood season, leaving "ecological water quantity" for the river itself and repairing the downstream river ecosystem. The open water area of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve has increased from 15% to 60% now, and the number of birds in the nature reserve has increased to 368. Long-lost migratory fish have reappeared, and the estuary delta ecosystem has reappeared with the vitality of green fields and gulls.

　　In the past 20 years, from frequent water cut-off to smooth flow of rivers, accurate water resources dispatching and management have made the Yellow River cut-off a thing of the past, which fully embodies the ability of China government to manage rivers and provide reference for other rivers in the world to solve water resources problems.

　　This is the intersection of the Yellow River and the Yiluo River, which was shot in gongyi city, Henan Province on June 8th (taken by unmanned aerial vehicle). Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianan photo

This is the Gongyi section of the Yellow River (taken by drone) on June 8. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianan photo

　　This is the winding Yellow River channel (photographed by drone) taken near Zhangzhuang Village, Dongbatou Township, Lankao, Henan Province on June 19, 2018. Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

This is the corner of Xiaolangdi Reservoir (taken by drone) on July 25th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianan photo

This is the corner of Xiaolangdi Reservoir (taken by drone) on July 25th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianan photo

This is the corner of Xiaolangdi Reservoir (taken by drone) on July 25th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jianan photo

It is the basic principle of Marxism that the world moves and changes forever. In the world, the only constant is change, and only change can lead to a way out. Change is an important means for mankind to promote economic and social development. Looking back on the course since the reform and opening up, every major change has injected new vitality into the development of the party and the country and added a strong impetus to the cause. The cause of the party and the people is to move forward in deepening reforms.

The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that in 2018, we should "vigorously promote reform and opening up, innovate and improve macro-control, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change". 2018 is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. In this special year of reform and opening up, the central government put forward "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation, which are important contents of comprehensively deepening reform in the economic field and provide an important starting point for economic work in the key period of transforming development mode, optimizing economic structure and transforming growth momentum.

Quality change focuses on the change of development quality in all fields and links of the national economy. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The change of development quality is not only the change of product and service quality, but also the all-round quality improvement from concept, goal and system to work details in specific fields. Especially in the manufacturing industry, we should pay attention to improving the quality of the whole manufacturing industry, developing advanced manufacturing, increasing effective and high-end supply, optimizing the quality of the supply system, promoting the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.

Efficiency change focuses on the change of development efficiency in response to market competition. Improving total factor productivity is the key to efficiency change. Efforts must be made to remove all kinds of institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the improvement of efficiency, so that the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, stimulate the vitality of enterprises, improve the relationship between supply and demand, and improve development efficiency. Focus on "breaking", "establishing" and "lowering", vigorously break the ineffective supply, promote the resolution of excess capacity, vigorously reduce the cost of the real economy, reduce institutional transaction costs, continue to clean up the fees charged by enterprises, and increase the investigation and rectification of arbitrary charges. Especially in electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railway and other industries, it is necessary to deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs.

Dynamic change focuses on the change of the development momentum of building a modern economic system. In the process of building a modern economic system, faced with the transformation of old and new kinetic energy of development, how to stimulate the vitality of various market players is an important issue. We should strengthen scientific and technological innovation, promote innovation incentives, form an environment conducive to innovation, vigorously cultivate new kinetic energy, promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivate a number of vanguard enterprises with innovative capabilities, and actively promote the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies. We should implement the policy of protecting property rights and identify and correct property rights disputes that have been strongly reflected by the society according to law. Fully implement and constantly improve the negative list system of market access, and get rid of discriminatory restrictions and various hidden obstacles.

Change is not unprincipled change, nor is it irregular change. Change and invariance are dialectical unity. Quality change, efficiency change and power change must comply with the correct principle requirements, that is, we must fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, take the economic thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the supreme leader in the new era as the guide, strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and closely follow the major contradictions and changes in our society. In this way, the "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation can be changed more forcefully and orderly, and China’s economy can continuously make new progress in achieving high-quality development.

It is the basic principle of Marxism that the world moves and changes forever. In the world, the only constant is change, and only change can lead to a way out. Change is an important means for mankind to promote economic and social development. Looking back on the course since the reform and opening up, every major change has injected new vitality into the development of the party and the country and added a strong impetus to the cause. The cause of the party and the people is to move forward in deepening reforms.

The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that in 2018, we should "vigorously promote reform and opening up, innovate and improve macro-control, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change". 2018 is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. In this special year of reform and opening up, the central government put forward "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation, which are important contents of comprehensively deepening reform in the economic field and provide an important starting point for economic work in the key period of transforming development mode, optimizing economic structure and transforming growth momentum.

Quality change focuses on the change of development quality in all fields and links of the national economy. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The change of development quality is not only the change of product and service quality, but also the all-round quality improvement from concept, goal and system to work details in specific fields. Especially in the manufacturing industry, we should pay attention to improving the quality of the whole manufacturing industry, developing advanced manufacturing, increasing effective and high-end supply, optimizing the quality of the supply system, promoting the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.

Efficiency change focuses on the change of development efficiency in response to market competition. Improving total factor productivity is the key to efficiency change. Efforts must be made to remove all kinds of institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the improvement of efficiency, so that the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, stimulate the vitality of enterprises, improve the relationship between supply and demand, and improve development efficiency. Focus on "breaking", "establishing" and "lowering", vigorously break the ineffective supply, promote the resolution of excess capacity, vigorously reduce the cost of the real economy, reduce institutional transaction costs, continue to clean up the fees charged by enterprises, and increase the investigation and rectification of arbitrary charges. Especially in electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railway and other industries, it is necessary to deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs.

Dynamic change focuses on the change of the development momentum of building a modern economic system. In the process of building a modern economic system, faced with the transformation of old and new kinetic energy of development, how to stimulate the vitality of various market players is an important issue. We should strengthen scientific and technological innovation, promote innovation incentives, form an environment conducive to innovation, vigorously cultivate new kinetic energy, promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivate a number of vanguard enterprises with innovative capabilities, and actively promote the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies. We should implement the policy of protecting property rights and identify and correct property rights disputes that have been strongly reflected by the society according to law. Fully implement and constantly improve the negative list system of market access, and get rid of discriminatory restrictions and various hidden obstacles.

Change is not unprincipled change, nor is it irregular change. Change and invariance are dialectical unity. Quality change, efficiency change and power change must comply with the correct principle requirements, that is, we must fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, take the economic thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the supreme leader in the new era as the guide, strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and closely follow the major contradictions and changes in our society. In this way, the "three major changes" in quality, efficiency and motivation can be changed more forcefully and orderly, and China’s economy can continuously make new progress in achieving high-quality development.

　　The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and the handling of major public emergencies, and strengthen the construction of national and regional emergency forces.

　　China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world, with many kinds of disasters, wide geographical distribution, high frequency and heavy losses, which is a basic national condition.

　　Timely and accurate statistical reporting of disasters is a prerequisite for efficient and orderly rescue and relief work. In China, disaster information officers at all levels are responsible for disaster statistics reporting. How has this team developed in recent years? What kind of role does it play? How to continue to improve professional ability? The reporter interviewed the heads of relevant departments of the Emergency Management Department and relevant grassroots workers.

　　 Team system — —

　　 　Extend the grassroots to cover the whole country.

　　Last June, during the flood season, Liao Zhiteng, a disaster information officer in Longji Village, Longji Town, Longsheng Autonomous County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, visited the village several times a day. On the night of June 21st, heavy rainfall caused many signs of landslide and road collapse. After Liao Zhiteng found it, he immediately reported to the person in charge of disaster monitoring in Longji Town, and woke up the villagers with the big horn in the village, quickly organized evacuation and safely transferred more than 450 people within 2 hours.

　　Liao Zhiteng is one of more than 16,000 disaster information officers in Guangxi, and also the epitome of more than 1 million disaster information officers in China.

　　Lai Hongzhou, deputy director of the Disaster Relief and Material Support Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced that at present, China has built a five-level disaster information officer system covering the whole country, with at least one disaster information officer in each village (community), and many people are on duty in disaster-prone areas.

　　Building a team of disaster information officers aims to build a nationwide disaster information statistical reporting network. Every disaster information officer is the "nerve terminal" of this network, which provides important information support for emergency rescue and disaster relief decisions of various localities and departments, and minimizes the loss of people’s lives and property.

　　"In 2022, disaster information officers at all levels in China submitted a total of 493,000 pieces of disaster and danger information, especially from late May to late June in the South ‘ Dragon boat water ’ During the period, as well as the heavy rainfall in the northern region and the flood control and disaster relief work in the Liaohe River Basin, disaster information officers in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shanxi and other places timely transmitted early warning information such as heavy rain, flash floods and geological disasters, and decisively handled sudden dangerous disasters in advance, and transferred and resettled the affected people in the first time, effectively avoiding casualties and reducing property losses. " Come to Hongzhou to say.

　　It is understood that more than 90% of grassroots disaster information officers are township (street) cadres and members of the village (community) committees; There are also some social forces absorbed by the government through purchasing services and setting up public welfare posts, including volunteers, grassroots people and safety management personnel of enterprises and institutions.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of Guangxi Geological Environment Monitoring Station, to become a disaster information officer, you need to be able to quickly master simple monitoring methods of geological disasters such as pile burying method, nail burying method and patch method, and at the same time live in the local area for a long time, be familiar with the surrounding environment and have a strong sense of responsibility.

　　 Working mechanism — — 　 　

　　 　Program specification is smooth and efficient

　　In June last year, Qijiang District of Chongqing suffered from heavy rainfall, the water levels of many rivers rose, and flash floods occurred in local rivers. In the early morning of June 1, Zhou Kaili, a staff member and disaster information officer of the Emergency Office of Yongxin Town People’s Government, took action immediately after receiving a number of warning messages of lightning, rainstorm and strong wind. While calling the relevant village-level disaster information officer to collect disaster investigation information, she sent and received prompt messages in the work group. Early that morning, Zhou Kaili reported the initial data of the disaster.

　　The disaster information officer shall report the disaster in strict accordance with the procedures of initial report, continuation report and verification report. "2 hours of initial disaster report, 24 hours of disaster report, 5 days of disaster report, major disaster report immediately." Zhou Kaili will learn the requirements by heart.

　　It is also the task of the disaster information officer to assist in the emergency relocation and resettlement of the affected people and emergency life assistance. Zhou Kaili took out a ledger of relief materials, which recorded the warehousing and warehousing of relief materials in detail. Zhou Kaili carried this ledger with her and distributed relief materials with village cadres to ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people.

　　Disaster information reporting requirements are true and accurate. "The highway in Muguacun is damaged, please check the loss data." As a town-level disaster information officer, Zhou Kaili checked the disaster losses one by one with the village-level disaster information officer and entered the information into the national natural disaster management system one by one.

　　In recent years, Chongqing has strengthened the construction of disaster information staff. At present, there are 21,000 disaster information staff, at least two full-time disaster information staff in all districts and counties, at least one full-time and one part-time backbone disaster information staff in towns (streets) and at least two part-time disaster information staff in villages (communities).

　　Only when disaster information officers at all levels perform their duties can disaster information be submitted more smoothly and efficiently. According to reports, from the perspective of working procedures, disaster information officers should first complete the disaster statistics and submit them in time, and count the disasters in the region as soon as possible after the disaster, and report them to the next level for review and summary; Second, we must do a good job in the management of disaster accounts, and timely fill in detailed information such as the time, place, type of disaster, scope of influence, disaster losses, etc., especially to build a ledger of missing people who died due to the disaster and a ledger of houses damaged due to the disaster; Third, it is necessary to carry out disaster verification, assessment and consultation. After the disaster is stable, disaster information officers at the provincial, municipal and county levels need to hold disaster consultation in time, and in case of major disasters, they should also organize disaster loss verification and assessment to ensure objective and accurate disaster data.

　　 Capacity building — —

　　 　Long-term improvement of graded training

　　In addition to reporting disaster statistics, disaster information officers should also be familiar with relevant laws and regulations, take into account the transmission of early warning information, the investigation of hidden dangers of disasters, the submission of dangerous information, etc., and assist in the emergency transfer and resettlement of the affected people and emergency life assistance. They are the "first responders" of grassroots disaster prevention, mitigation and relief. "There are a large number of disaster information officers at the grassroots level, and the flow is fast. The training convergence work must be in place to really play its role." Cao Zhongsheng, deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Chenzhou Emergency Management Bureau, Hunan Province, said.

　　Since 2019, the ministerial level of the Emergency Management Department has trained more than 100,000 teachers of national disaster information officers every year through the combination of on-site lectures and video connection, plus extended training at local levels, basically achieving full coverage of disaster information officer training at all levels.

　　Emergency management departments at all levels focus on different levels of disaster information personnel training. Focus on training disaster management policies, verification and evaluation, consultation and approval for provincial and municipal disaster information officers; Focus on training disaster information officers at county and township levels in disaster statistics and reporting, loss calculation, ledger management and practical operation of disaster reporting system; For village-level and community-level disaster information officers, do a good job in the investigation report of disasters and dangers.

　　There are a large number of disaster information officers at the grass-roots level. If all of them are trained in a centralized way, it will take a long time and a large number of people and be difficult. How to solve such a problem?

　　Villi, head of the Comprehensive Disaster Reduction and Plan Management Unit of the Emergency Management Bureau of Suxian District, Chenzhou City, said that there are more than 300 disaster information officers in towns (streets) and villages (communities) in Suxian District. To this end, in April 2022, before the main flood season came, Suxian District sent the backbone of teachers to towns (streets) to train disaster information officers in villages (communities) one by one, and then the corresponding measures were promoted throughout Chenzhou. Since the beginning of this year, Beihu District, Suxian District and Guiyang County of Chenzhou City have completed the training of disaster information officers at the township (street) and village (community) levels.

　　(Reporter Qiu Chaoyu, Virginia Lieu, Zheng Yi, Wang Xinyue, Shen Zhilin)

　　Coordination in this period: Zhang Jiaying.

　　China news agency, Beijing, December 10 (Reporter Wang Qingkai) On the 10th, the head of the online transaction supervision and management department of the State Administration of Market Supervision of China told reporters about the newly issued Interim Measures for Handling Complaints and Reports in Market Supervision and Management (hereinafter referred to as the Measures), saying that administrative mediation can be applied to all consumer rights disputes in the field of market supervision, including food, medicines, consumer goods, special equipment and intellectual property rights.

　　The person in charge said that the formulation of the "Measures" is to unify the channels and processing modes of public appeals and improve the efficiency of serving the public; Straighten out and reconstruct the handling mode of complaints and reports, and promote the "chemical integration" of market supervision functions. Complaints about food and drugs can be mediated by the market supervision department.

Data Map: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Market Supervision Administration and Hohhot Market Supervision Administration destroyed illegal food and drugs. China News Service reporter Liu Wenhua photo

　　The person in charge believes that the scope of administrative mediation is usually limited to providing relief to the vulnerable groups in the market economy in order to help the market failure. In the field of market supervision, consumers who meet the needs of life can request mediation when they encounter consumer disputes including fair competition, food, medicines, consumer goods, special equipment, prices, intellectual property rights and so on.

　　The data shows that administrative mediation has played an important role in consumer rights relief. In 2018, the national market supervision department recovered economic losses of 3.117 billion yuan for consumers through mediation.

　　It is reported that the Measures have also made some innovations in the administrative mediation system, exploring the entrusted mediation system and the participation mechanism of professionals. The market supervision department may entrust consumer associations or other mediation organizations established according to law to mediate on its behalf.

　　The person in charge particularly emphasized that the Measures clearly stated that the mediation of disputes over consumers’ rights and interests does not exempt operators from other legal responsibilities according to law, and clearly opposes the phenomenon of "substituting punishment with adjustment".

　　The Measures will be implemented on January 1, 2020. It will effectively improve the effectiveness of market supervision departments in serving the public and provide strong support for administrative law enforcement.