What is a tropical cyclone?

　　Tropical Cyclone is a low-pressure vortex that occurs on the tropical or subtropical ocean surface, and it is a powerful and profound tropical weather system. Like a vortex moving forward in a flowing river, it spins rapidly around its center and moves forward with the surrounding atmosphere. In the tropical cyclone in the northern hemisphere, the airflow rotates counterclockwise around the center, but in the southern hemisphere, it is the opposite.

　　The life history of tropical cyclones can be divided into three stages: generation, maturity and extinction. Its average life span is about a week, the shortest is only 2-3 days, and the longest is about a month.

　　The generation and development of tropical cyclones need huge energy, so they are formed on the tropical ocean surface with high temperature, high humidity and other suitable meteorological conditions. According to statistics, tropical cyclones are generated in tropical oceans all over the world except the South Atlantic.

　　It is usually formed on the sea surface 3-5 latitudes away from the equator in tropical areas (such as the North and South Pacific, the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean), and its movement is mainly affected by large-scale weather systems, and eventually dissipates at sea, or degenerates into an extratropical cyclone, or dissipates after landing. Landing tropical cyclone will bring serious property losses and casualties, which is a kind of natural disaster. However, tropical cyclones are also one of the components of atmospheric circulation, which can bring thermal energy and angular momentum of the earth’s rotation from the equatorial region to higher latitudes.

　　When tropical cyclones land or move northward to higher latitudes, they will soon die out because they lose the high temperature and high humidity conditions on which they depend. A large number of tropical cyclones are generated in the equatorial convergence zone, and there is a strong subtropical high on the north side of the equatorial convergence zone. The movement of tropical cyclones is mainly guided by the easterly airflow on the south side of subtropical high and moves westward. Such tropical cyclones often land from the southeast coast of China to the coast of Vietnam. Sometimes the subtropical high is located to the east. When the tropical cyclone moves to the western edge of the subtropical high, it will turn to the north or northeast direction and land in the coastal areas of Shandong, Liaoning, Korea and Japan, or even go north on the east side of Japan.

　　

　　Benefits of typhoons:

　　In China’s coastal areas, typhoons hit us more or less in summer and autumn almost every year, and the loss of life and property is not small. As a kind of disastrous weather, it can be said that when it comes to typhoon, no one will show a good impression on it. However, everything has duality. Typhoon has brought disasters to human beings, but if there is no typhoon, human beings will suffer even more. Scientific research has found that typhoons have at least the following benefits for human beings:

　　First, with the rapid growth of global population and the development of industry and agriculture, the demand for fresh water is expanding day by day, and the limited fresh water resources on land are unevenly distributed, so the world water shortage has become increasingly serious. However, typhoon, a tropical storm, has brought abundant fresh water to people. Typhoon brings a lot of rain to the coast of China, the coast of the Sea of Japan, India, Southeast Asia and the southeastern United States, accounting for more than a quarter of the total precipitation in these areas, which is of great significance to improving the fresh water supply and ecological environment in these areas.

　　Secondly, the tropical and subtropical areas near the equator have the longest sunshine time, and the dry heat is unbearable. If there is no typhoon to disperse the heat in these areas, it will be hotter there and the surface sand shortage will be more serious. At the same time, the cold zone will be colder and the temperate zone will disappear. There will be no spring city like Kunming in China, nor Guangzhou with evergreen seasons, and the "Beidacang" and Inner Mongolia grassland will also cease to exist.

　　Third, the maximum speed of a typhoon can reach more than 200 kilometers per hour, and its energy is equivalent to the energy released by 400 2,000-ton hydrogen bombs when they explode. Wherever they go, they destroy everything. This huge energy can directly cause disasters to human beings, but it also keeps the earth in thermal balance and makes human beings live and work in peace and contentment.

　　Fourthly, during the formation and operation of typhoon with huge energy, with the help of lightning, long chains of water molecules can be broken and short-chain water molecules with activity can be formed. After inhaling these short-chain water molecules, the creatures on the earth can increase the vitality of life, thus making the earth’s ecology continue to develop.
Fifth, typhoons can also increase fishing output. Every time a typhoon blows, it turns over the river, and the nutrients at the bottom of the river and the sea are rolled up, and the bait increases, attracting fish to gather near the water surface, and the catch naturally increases.

　　

　　The harm of typhoon to human beings;

　　Typhoon has brought plenty of rain to vast areas, and it has become a rainfall system closely related to human life and production. However, typhoon always brings all kinds of damage. It is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world because of its sudden and destructive power.

　　The destructive power of typhoon is mainly caused by strong wind, heavy rain and storm surge.

　　1. Strong wind

　　Typhoon is a huge energy pool, and its wind speed is above 17 m/s, even above 60 m/s. According to the measurement, when the wind reaches 12, the wind pressure per square meter on the plane perpendicular to the wind direction can reach 230 kilograms.

　　2. Heavy rain

　　Typhoon is a very strong rainfall system. When a typhoon lands, the rainstorm center can drop 100-300mm in a day, even reaching 500-800mm. The flood disaster caused by typhoon and rainstorm is the most dangerous disaster. The intensity of typhoon rainstorm is high, the frequency of flood is high, the spread range is wide, and it is fierce and destructive.

　　3. Storm surge

　　The so-called storm surge means that when the typhoon moves to land, due to the strong wind and low pressure of the typhoon, the sea water accumulates strongly in the direction of the coast, the tide level rises sharply, and the water waves are overwhelming to the coast. The storm surge of a strong typhoon can raise the coastal water level by 5-6 meters. Storm surge meets astronomical high tide level, resulting in high-frequency tide level, resulting in tidal overflow, seawall burst, washed away houses and various building facilities, flooded towns and farmland, and caused a large number of casualties and property losses. Storm surge will also cause coastal erosion and land salinization caused by seawater intrusion.

　　

　　How to avoid danger when the typhoon comes?

　　Try not to go out.

　　2. If you are outside, don’t take shelter from the wind and rain near temporary buildings, billboards, iron towers and trees.

　　If you are driving, you should immediately drive to the underground parking lot or shelter.

　　If you live in a tent, you should immediately put away your tent and take shelter from the wind in a solid house.

　　If you are on the water (such as swimming), you should go ashore to take shelter from the wind and rain immediately.

　　6. If you are already in a solid house, you should carefully close the window and stick a "meter" pattern on the window glass with adhesive tape to prevent the window glass from breaking.

　　7. If there is a typhoon and thunder, lightning protection measures should be taken.

　　8. After the typhoon, it is necessary to pay attention to environmental sanitation and the safety of food and water.

　　

　　Typhoon prevention at sea: how to avoid navigation in case of typhoon?

　　1. What about the ships at sea before the typhoon comes?

　　(1) Before the typhoon comes, the ship should obey the command and go to the shelter immediately.
(2) In case you can’t escape or encounter a typhoon, you should contact the relevant departments on the shore in time for rescue.

　　(3) When waiting for rescue, you should take the initiative to take emergency measures and take measures to leave the typhoon quickly and decisively, such as stopping (delaying navigation), bypassing (bypassing navigation) and crossing (passing quickly).

　　(4) The calm wind and waves shortly after the strong typhoon may be the calm when the typhoon eye passes. At this time, the owner of the berthing port must not go back to reinforce the ship in order to protect his property.

　　(5) When conditions permit, the ship shall be equipped with modern equipment such as beacon, radio communication machine and satellite phone.

　　(6) When there is no radio communication equipment, when a passing ship or plane is found, or when it is close to the land, you can use objects to send out easily-detected distress signals in time, such as piling up the words "SOS", setting off fireworks, sending out light and sound signals, shaking brightly-colored objects, etc.

　　2. How to avoid navigation when encountering a typhoon?

　　When a ship sailing at sea encounters a typhoon, in order to avoid being involved in the typhoon center or the storm area around the center, the method of avoiding navigation is generally adopted. The ship can lose no time to change its course and speed according to the dynamics and intensity of the typhoon, so as to keep a certain distance from the center of the typhoon, which is beyond the gale range of the wind level that the ship can resist.

　　The wind direction of the right semicircle of the typhoon is close to the moving route of the typhoon, and the wind speed of the right semicircle is greater than that of the left semicircle. Moreover, most typhoons turn to the right, which makes it easy to drag ships in the right semicircle into the center of the typhoon. Therefore, the right semicircle of typhoon is called "dangerous semicircle" and the left semicircle is called "navigable semicircle" in navigation.

　　When a ship encounters a typhoon at sea, it should judge its position according to the situation and dynamic forecast of the typhoon and the changes of wind force, wind direction and air pressure observed on the spot, so as to take appropriate navigation methods and stay away from the typhoon center as soon as possible.

　　The method of judging the position of the ship and the navigation measures to be taken are as follows:

　　(1) the wind direction changes clockwise, the air pressure is decreasing, and the wind is gradually increasing. At this time, the ship position is in the first half of the typhoon’s dangerous semicircle, that is, the dangerous quadrant, and it should sail at full speed against the wind on the starboard side of the bow.

　　(2) The wind direction changes counterclockwise, the air pressure keeps decreasing, and the wind force gradually increases. At this time, the ship is in the first half of the navigable semicircle of the typhoon, and should sail at full speed with the starboard stern exposed to the wind.

　　(3) the wind direction is constant, the air pressure is decreasing, and the wind is gradually increasing. At this time, the ship is on the way of typhoon, so it should sail at full speed with the starboard stern under the wind.

　

　　Residents’ typhoon prevention: what should I do when the typhoon comes?

　　Main points of preparation before typhoon comes.

　　1. Listen, watch or check the typhoon warning information online in time to understand the government’s countermeasures against Taiwan.

　　2. Close the doors and windows and fasten the structures that are easily blown by the wind.

　　3. Move from the dilapidated house to a safe place.

　　4. People in low-lying areas that may be flooded should be moved in time.

　　5. Check whether the facilities such as circuit, fire and gas are safe.

　　6. Kindergartens and schools should take temporary avoidance measures and suspend classes when necessary.

　　7. Open-air collective activities or indoor large-scale gatherings should be cancelled in time, and evacuation should be done.

　　8. Don’t travel to the area where the typhoon passes or swim on the beach, let alone go out to sea by boat.

　　

　　How to prevent Taiwan in fishery before and after typhoon?

　　1. Before the typhoon comes

　　(1) Do a good job in the evacuation of personnel in high-risk places such as beaches, ships, downstream of reservoirs and waterlogged places.

　　(2) Strengthen the safety inspection of power facilities and equipment to ensure the safety of electricity use.

　　(3) Make preparations for fishery facilities and equipment to ensure the normal operation of machinery and equipment.

　　(4) Do a good job in the escape prevention of cultured products. Strengthen the inspection and consolidation of anti-escape facilities such as river crabs and soft-shelled turtles. At the same time, do a good job in emergency preparations for the collapse of dams and ponds caused by heavy rains.

　　(5) Do a good job in emergency preparations for floating heads of aquaculture varieties and disease outbreaks after typhoons.

　　2. After encountering a typhoon

　　(1) When a fishing boat at sea is in distress, it shall immediately send out a distress signal, and report the time, place, sea conditions, damage, rescue requirements, contact information and the cause of the accident to the fishery administrative department and the maritime agency, and take all effective measures to organize self-help.

　　(2) Fishing boats (including small fishing boats) going out to sea should return to Hong Kong as soon as possible or take shelter from the wind to the nearest port, and take measures to prevent fishing boats from colliding.

　　

　　Agricultural prevention and remedy before and after typhoon crossing the border?

　　1. Precautionary measures for crops such as rice, vegetables and dry grain before disaster.

　　After the news of typhoon is released, make early preparations for places that may be hit by typhoon and flood disasters, and take timely measures to prevent and avoid disasters. Take the following measures for field crops:

　　Dredge ditches and open field drains to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation; Sufficient agricultural materials for disaster relief; Organize timely harvesting of mature field crops such as rice, corn, soybeans, melons and vegetables; Repair and strengthen production facilities such as greenhouses. Organize the field workers to evacuate in time.

　　2. Disposal measures after typhoon disaster

　　(1) Rice

　　Dredge ditches and open field drains to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation; Rinse the leaf mud and apply fertilizer in time; Spraying drugs in time to control pests and diseases. After the typhoon, a large number of leaves were injured, and the source of flooded rice fields increased, which was very prone to rice diseases, and rice planthoppers and leaf rollers also often occurred. According to the actual occurrence of pests and diseases, the corresponding pesticides should be selected in time.

　　(2) Vegetables

　　Ditching and drainage; If the vegetable field is flooded and the vegetables are damaged, the affected vegetables with market value should be actively harvested and listed to reduce losses; Strengthen the prevention and control of vegetable diseases.

　　(3) Dry grain crops

　　Timely drainage and intertillage, increase fertilizer, especially available nitrogen fertilizer, improve soil nutrient status and make plants grow rapidly; For lodging dry grain crops, the plants should be raised before new roots are formed, and the soil should be cultivated and fertilized at the same time, so that the new roots can be quickly planted.

　　(4) production of mulberry tea fruit

　　First, ditch drainage and clean up sludge and sundries. For the flooded garden, ditch and drain the canal, quickly eliminate the accumulated water in the garden, reduce the groundwater level and accelerate the drying of the topsoil. Seawater is poured into the orchard, and after the seawater is drained, it is washed with fresh water. Wash the mud on the branches and leaves of plants with water in time, remove the sundries hanging on the plants in time, and cut off some branches and leaves for plants that have been flooded for a long time.

　　Second, the trees that have been washed down by the flood should be righted as soon as possible, supported and fixed by brackets, and the exposed roots should be covered with soil. For trees with serious root damage, thin branches and cut leaves to reduce leaf evaporation. If the branches have been broken, cut them off in time.

　　The third is to loosen the soil at the right time. After flooding, the soil in the garden is hardened, which is easy to cause root hypoxia. When the topsoil in the garden is basically dry, loosen the soil in time.

　　The fourth is topdressing outside the roots. After waterlogging, the root system of the tree is damaged, and its ability to absorb fertilizer and water is weak, so it is not suitable to apply fertilizer to the root immediately. 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea and foliar fertilizer can be used for topdressing outside the root. Once every five days or so, spray for 2-3 times. After the tree is restored, apply decomposed human and animal manure, cake fertilizer or urea to the soil to promote new roots.

　　The fifth is moderate pruning. The pruning amount is determined according to the degree of damage. In addition to re-pruning, some or all fruits should be picked from the damaged heavy trees to reduce the water evaporation of the waterlogged branches and leaves and the nutrient consumption of the trees.

　　Sixth, do a good job in pest control. After the typhoon, it is easy to induce various pests and diseases, and citrus is prone to acute anthracnose, canker, black spot disease, rust tick and red spider. Pear is prone to scab, pear rust and ring rot; Peach is prone to brown rot and anthracnose; Myrica rubra is prone to brown spot disease and red coat disease; Loquat is prone to spot disease, gray spot disease, angular spot disease, leaf blight and yellow caterpillar; Grapes are prone to black pox. Attention should be paid to the monitoring of the above pests and diseases, and once they occur, corresponding pesticides should be selected for timely prevention and control.

　　

　　

　　(Editor: Xu Lina)

　　Skydiving at a height of 4,000m, ocean diving, lying in the crater for one night …

　　The young man traveled to 40 countries and had fun traveling with him.

Charming Lake Bandamir

Examination of diving certificate

Xiye climbed the volcano.

parachute

Travel with several big bags of luggage.

　　Recently, in Chongqing local forum, a post entitled "There was a dream at that time, about traveling across the world" became popular. The poster is a post-90 s boy, who has illustrated his travels in more than 40 countries around the world in the past few years.

　　Over the past month or so, more than 70,000 netizens have followed this post. Netizens said that it is not possible to travel abroad for the time being because of the epidemic, and the "cloud tour" is also very enjoyable.

　　Tales of talent

　　-the meaning of travel

　　"For an adventurous person like me, it is the meaning of travel to get out of the cramped space of daily life, let my heart fly, broaden my horizons and experience different wonderful things every day."

　　cause

　　Riding Xizang ignites the dream of travel.

　　Last weekend, the reporter met the poster Mr. Lei, 28 years old, in Jie Fangbei, Yuzhong District. He is tall and handsome. He is a native of Chongqing and works in hair design. Mr. Lei said that relatives and friends around him like to call him Xiya, and he also hopes to share stories with readers under this name.

　　In 2013, 20-year-old Lucy also fell in love with travel. At that time, he was engaged in hair design in Shanghai, and the pressure of life and work made him breathless. I accidentally read a report about "a man riding a bike to travel to Xizang". At that moment, Lucy also felt as if she was ignited by something and was eager to try it. Soon he quit his job and spent 24 days riding 2,100 kilometers to Xizang. "This is my first trip, and my world outlook has opened up. Since then, it has become out of control, which has become my hobby."

　　Later, after spending more than two years traveling around the country, Lucy began to travel around the world.

　　footmark

　　Travel to more than 40 countries around the world

　　From 2016 to 2019, West Asia spent nearly half of its time abroad. He has visited more than 40 countries in Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America and South America. Therefore, the journey of these years has left me the most wonderful time.

　　Haikao diving card

　　In September, 2017, Xi Ye arrived in Daharb, a small town on the Egyptian Red Sea, and decided to learn a new skill here-taking the diving certificate, which is almost the cheapest place in the world to take the diving certificate.

　　Lucy also said that diving is only interesting and beautiful on TV, but it is not easy to find it when you practice. Need to overcome the fear of the sea, external weather factors, ear pressure and air pressure. After five days’ practice, Xixi also ushered in the graduation exam in Hadabu Ocean Blue Cave, the third deepest ocean blue cave in the world. It looks clear and calm, and it is very easy to enter, but it is known as "the deadliest diving spot on earth", and even the tombstones erected by people to commemorate the dead divers stand on the coast.

　　During the exam, perhaps because the pressure in the sea here is too high, Xiye’s ear pressure can’t be balanced all the time, which leads to severe ear pain and has been unable to dive. In the end, Lucy forced herself to calm down, repeated the ascent and dived again and again, and finally found the balance of ear pressure, completed the diving test at a depth of 30 meters and got the diving certificate.

　　Land on the volcano

　　Lucy also said that in the northeast of Ethiopia, Africa, Erta Ale volcano is one of the few remaining lava lakes in the world.

　　In October 2017, Xi also accompanied several foreign companions with the same adventurous spirit and invited a local guide to start a trip to the volcano in the evening. It took more than four hours to climb the mountain, stepping on the black road formed by magma condensation along the way, and looking up at the crater with red light, it felt very magical.

　　When they really arrived at the crater, they were covered with smoke everywhere. When the wind dispersed the smoke, everyone finally got a glimpse of the whole volcano-the fiery magma was surging, and the sound of "rumbling" when the magma generate was heard, but the whole fire was bottomless and went straight to the center of the earth. "At that moment, I felt that nature was too magical, I was too small, and I was full of awe."

　　That night, Xiye and his companions lay 100 meters away from the crater for one night, just to see the lava lake during the day. "I remember that the starry sky was beautiful that night, but the volcano after dawn was not as shocking as it looked at night."

　　Skydiving at high altitude

　　"Skydiving from an altitude of more than 4,000 meters is really a wonderful experience." In March 2017, Lucy also came to Australia and tried her first skydiving on a farm. He had never even tried bungee jumping before.

　　Lucy also said that after climbing to an altitude of more than 4000 meters in a small helicopter, he parachuted under the guidance of his coach. When I opened the cabin door, I looked at the white clouds floating at my feet, and Lucy, who has always been keen on adventure, became a little nervous.

　　At the moment when I closed my eyes and jumped off, Lucy was very dizzy. After about 10 seconds, I gradually found a balance. "When I rushed to the earth in a hug posture and rushed to the beautiful scenery such as lakes, oceans and mountains that are getting closer and closer, it felt really wonderful."

　　cost

　　Save money for fancy travel

　　Lucy also said that all the expenses of her trip were saved during her work, and the funds were relatively limited, so she has always been a poor traveler.

　　Eat: bring a pot and noodles and try to cook it yourself.

　　Every time she goes abroad, Lucy will carry three bags, one on her back, one on her back and one hanging on her chest. In addition to computers, cameras, mobile phones and daily necessities, the bag also contains hot pot bottom materials, bagged Chongqing noodles, side dishes for meals, electric cookers, etc., to ensure that you can cook as much as possible outside and save food expenses. "I once shared our Chongqing hot pot with many foreign netizens, and they all praised it while shouting spicy."

　　Accommodation: Youth hostel or cheap homestay.

　　When staying outside, Xiye will choose to live in a youth hostel or a cheap homestay. One of the most frustrating times was in Pakistan. At that time, there was no running water to take a bath, and I was as clean as myself. I could only take a bath with snow mountain water at low temperature.

　　OK: Take a bus on foot or share a car.

　　In terms of transportation, in the city, we will try our best to choose walking or taking public transportation. When you go to the suburbs, you can rent the same car as your fellow travelers. When crossing different countries, they will choose to travel by car as much as possible to save transportation expenses. "I once waited for a multinational car at the African border and learned that the car would not arrive until early the next morning. I was afraid of missing the car and had no choice but to stay in the bullpen near the station for one night."

　　News face to face

　　Pay attention to these when traveling abroad alone.

　　Q: You can’t travel abroad for the time being. What’s your plan?

　　Xiye: When the epidemic is completely over, I will continue to travel around the world, and the world still has an infinite journey waiting for me to measure and explore. Now all I can do is to work hard and save money.

　　Q: Traveling around the world alone is cool. What experience do you have to share?

　　Xiye: First of all, I need the support of my family. My parents believe that I have the ability to take care of myself independently, but they also support me to travel. Secondly, we should consider the language problem. My initial English vocabulary is very small, but the advantage is that I dare to say that when I travel abroad, I will use words plus body language and draw pictures to communicate with people. Secondly, we should be prepared to face adversity. For example, when I was playing in the desert of India, I was suddenly bitten by a camel with my team and had to go to the hospital for rabies vaccination.

　　Q: How can individuals protect themselves when traveling abroad?

　　Xiye: In foreign countries, I insist on writing a travel diary in my circle of friends every day, which not only locks up the beautiful moments, but also lets my relatives and friends know my itinerary and feel at ease. In addition, be sure to bring a small chest bag or purse with you, such as cash, passport, mobile phone and other valuables, and never leave your sight; Try not to go to remote and deserted places alone. It will be better to choose a team and invite local people to be guides.

　　Q: Can you recommend two more characteristic treasure punch points?

　　Xiye: Lake Bandamir in Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Six sapphire lakes form a group of lakes, like clear sapphires. The pyramids of Mexico, the pyramids here are different from the pyramids of Egypt in that there are steps to climb to the top and overlook the whole ancient city.

　　Chongqing Evening News-Upstream journalist Wang Wei Photo courtesy of the interviewee

▲ In an electronics company somewhere, workers work on the production line. Figure/Xinhua News Agency

据新华社报道，2月23日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央财经委员会主任最高领袖主持召开中央财经委员会第四次会议时强调，加快产品更新换代是推动高质量发展的重要举措，要鼓励引导新一轮大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新。

消费重新成为经济增长主动力

当前，宏观经济总体向好，但也面临几个方面的压力和挑战。一方面，当前的中国经济，已经进入从高速发展转向高质量发展阶段。经济与产业的转型升级一脉相承，同时居民的消费升级意愿也较强烈，对于美好生活的向往需要更有力的支撑和丰富的供给。

另一方面，全球治理处于二战后长期和平以来的变革期，既有的国际秩序、国际范式、国际机构等都受到不同程度挑战。世界各国近年来也出现了明显分化，保守主义、民粹主义推动所谓“逆全球化”，全球政经关系复杂多变，大环境处于风高浪急之中。

因此，要加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，就要进一步畅通内循环，提升内需。

从国家统计局发布数据看，2023年，中国在极其不易的状况下实现了经济的稳定复苏，消费是其中的亮点。2023年，社会消费品零售总额超过47万亿元，总量创历史新高。

Moreover, consumption has become the main driving force of economic growth again. The final consumption expenditure boosted China’s economic growth by 4.3 percentage points, up by 3.1 percentage points over the previous year, and the contribution rate to economic growth was 82.5%, up by 43.1 percentage points, and the basic role of consumption was even more significant. In order to strive for progress in stability and promote stability through progress, it is necessary to further consolidate the trend of consumption recovery.

Trade-in and industrial upgrading complement each other.

As we all know, "home appliances to the countryside" and "trade-in" were put forward after the global economic crisis brought about by the US financial crisis in 2008. At that time, the subprime mortgage crisis put the world in danger of recession, and the export demand of consumer electronic products declined rapidly. China decided to actively respond to expanding the domestic demand market, and financial subsidies for home appliances to the countryside were fully rolled out in 2009.

The Ministry of Commerce’s national household appliances trade-in data in 2010 showed that 32.224 million new household appliances were sold, achieving sales of 121.11 billion yuan and recycling of 33.446 million old household appliances.

This measure not only boosted domestic consumption, but also lowered the market demand, allowing more township residents to enjoy the consumption upgrade, and at the same time, the promotion effect on industrial transformation and upgrading was also very obvious. China’s white goods industry has been in a period of transformation and upgrading. Driven by the strong domestic demand market, some enterprises have further leapfrogged and become the global leader in household appliances.

Therefore, after the COVID-19 epidemic, it is necessary to smooth the scar effect of market and consumption. In fact, under the background of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike last year, China’s exports are also facing a certain degree of pressure. At present, the important goal is to promote market vitality and strengthen consumption power. This trade-in should also be one of the important projects.

▲ "Green+Smart" has become a new trend in home appliances. Figure/Xinhua News Agency

Of course, times have changed, and this trade-in is different from the last one in many ways. In July 2022, the Notice of the Ministry of Commerce and other 13 departments on Several Measures to Promote the Consumption of Green Smart Home Appliances set off a new wave of home appliances going to the countryside. The government work report of the two sessions in 2023 also emphasized: continue to support the consumption of new energy vehicles and encourage local governments to carry out green smart home appliances to the countryside and trade in old ones.

In recent years, China’s new energy industry has developed rapidly, and it is in the forefront of the world in many technologies, products, talents, management and brands. Therefore, promoting the trade-in of the consumer market is actually complementary to the industrial transformation and upgrading. The market share of green, digital and intelligent products and equipment is increasing day by day, which has its own market rules. At this time, it is also in line with the logic of economic development to propose equipment renewal.

Private enterprises should be better involved.

At the same time, it should also be noted that the last trade-in was more government-led and financial support, and this time it was carried out in a government-led and enterprise-led way. The meeting also stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the market-oriented, government guidance, encourage the advanced, eliminate the backward, adhere to the standard guidance, and improve in an orderly manner.

The market-oriented tone of making enterprises "the leading role" can make the docking of supply and demand more efficient, but it should also be noted that the actual effect of some measures still needs to be improved after the lack of financial support in the past two years.

Enterprise-led gives some enterprises opportunities, but also brings some operational pressures, especially for a large number of private enterprises, which also bear the heavy responsibility of ensuring employment. At this time, it may be necessary to give more support to enterprises, especially private enterprises, to complete the liquidity expansion in counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical hedging and help them participate better.

At the same time, it is also necessary at this time to build a good and friendly business environment, so that enterprises of all types can truly develop in a market-oriented and rule-based environment, and give more relaxed and inclusive policy conditions, rest and be cautious in punishment. Therefore, whether the future fiscal policy can further exert its strength and give more subsidies and support in promoting consumption is also the market expectation.

Of course, high-quality development also needs to pay more attention to improving quality and efficiency. The meeting pointed out that logistics is the "tendon" of the real economy, connecting production and consumption, domestic trade and foreign trade, and it is necessary to effectively reduce the logistics cost of the whole society, enhance the core competitiveness of the industry, and improve the efficiency of economic operation.

The logistics industry is connected with production at one end and consumption at the other end, which is an important link to smooth the national economic cycle. In recent years, China’s logistics system construction has made great progress, but relatively speaking, the logistics cost is still high, and there are also some problems, such as insufficient integration of logistics and industrial chain supply chain, high storage and management operation costs, inconsistent rules of logistics market, high institutional transaction costs and so on.

Institutional transaction costs bring about the problems of market disunity, unsmooth circulation and uneconomical consumption, which require the relevant departments to further implement the details of unifying the big market. It is particularly necessary to cancel and adjust some unreasonable fines, reduce pilot fees in coastal ports, and reduce cargo port fees and truck tolls in stages.

The expansion and upgrading of residents’ consumption has always been the common hope of macro-economy and micro-economy, which is not only necessary for national development, but also necessary for people’s livelihood protection. At this moment, in the face of many international uncertainties, we must do our own thing well, and safeguarding people’s livelihood and boosting domestic demand are important tasks.

In this process, in addition to further improving the institutional guarantee of smooth marketization and rule of law, reducing institutional transaction costs, improving quality and efficiency, we also need tolerance and support at the policy level. Of course, the strength of monetary and fiscal policies is also essential.

Written by/Wan Zhe (Professor of Beijing Normal University, Executive Director of China Modern Finance Society)

Editor/Ma Xiaolong

Proofreading/Wu Xingfa

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　　Beijing, Dec. 21 (Reporter Zhang Ni) As New Year’s Day approaches, domestic colleges and universities have entered the final stage one after another, and the army of students will return home soon. Affected by the epidemic, this year’s major universities implemented a "peak-shifting" holiday, and many universities even started the winter vacation mode in December.

　　What’s the difference between this winter vacation? Is the epidemic prevention and control deployed?

Data Map: On April 10th, Taiyuan Railway Station, Shanxi Province, students returning from colleges and universities received temperature tests at the exit. On the same day, the first batch of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province resumed classes in their graduation grades. China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

　　The implementation of peak-to-peak holidays in colleges and universities has a school holiday of more than 2 months.

　　Recently, there have been newly confirmed cases in many provinces in China, and the Spring Festival on New Year’s Day is approaching. As one of the main forces of the inter-provincial floating population, the winter vacation arrangements for college students have attracted much attention.

　　In view of the problem of epidemic prevention and control in schools, the Ministry of Education recently issued the Notice on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Epidemic in Campus this winter and next spring to the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19. The "Notice" requires that all local schools should plan the winter vacation and spring school opening arrangements as early as possible, and coordinate the prevention and control of normalized epidemics and teaching and scientific research work. Colleges and universities adhere to the principle of "peak-shifting", arrange students to leave school in batches and orderly, and properly arrange winter vacation life, the teachers and students who stay in school.

　　Judging from the actual situation, different from previous years, this year, the winter holidays in colleges and universities all over the country have opened a "time difference", and the length of holidays is also quite different.

　　For example, the winter vacation of Tianjin Normal University will start before New Year’s Day. According to the arrangement of the school, students will have a winter vacation from December 21, 2020 to February 27, 2021, and the holiday will last for more than two months.

　　According to the school calendar published by China University of Political Science and Law, the students of this school have a winter vacation from January 9, 2021, return to school on February 28, and formally attend classes on March 1, with a total holiday of 50 days.

　　The winter vacation of China Renmin University lasts from January 18th to February 21st, 2021. The winter vacation of the University of International Business and Economics started later, starting from January 25, 2021 and ending on February 26, with February 28 as the student registration day.

　　According to the announcement issued by Wuhan University, the school’s holiday time is from January 17th to February 23rd, 2021. Fudan University’s winter vacation starts on January 17th, 2021, and the undergraduate students register on February 28th, and the graduate students register on February 26th.

Data Map: Students study in the study room of the library. Photo by Liu Yuhua

　　People with the same defense, closed management … … Epidemic prevention measures "No holiday"

　　The winter vacation is just around the corner, and education departments and universities all over the country have begun to actively deploy the epidemic prevention and control work during the holiday.

　　This month, the Education Department of Zhejiang Province held a conference on epidemic prevention and control in winter and winter vacation in the province’s education system to deploy epidemic prevention and control in winter and spring on campus.

　　In terms of prevention and control of epidemic situation on campus, Zhejiang requires sticking to people’s common defense, fully guarding the campus gate, continuing to strictly implement the intelligent control measures of epidemic situation on campus, adjusting the control measures on campus in light of the actual situation, strengthening the management of campus gathering activities, paying close attention to the inspection and disinfection of all kinds of materials entering the campus, especially imported materials and cold chain materials, and establishing and improving the centralized supervision and unified disinfection and detection mechanism of cold chain food in school canteens.

　　In addition, Zhejiang also requires that the work plan for the winter vacation and the next semester be prepared in advance, that students leave school in an orderly manner, that management services for students staying in school during the holidays be continued, that communication between home and school be strengthened, and that students’ holiday life be guided and arranged; Grasp the health status of teachers and students immediately, and provide the basis for the judgment of the new semester.

　　In addition, the education departments of some provinces have recently "named" the situation that some schools’ epidemic prevention work is not in place.

　　For example, recently, the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee jointly held a video conference. At the meeting, it was reported that some schools in Nanchang High-tech Zone were short of epidemic prevention materials, and some schools in suichuan county did not regularly clean and disinfect public places such as canteens and toilets as required.

　　The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to strictly control the "three passes" outside the school gate, at the school gate and inside the school gate, and further strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation before and after the Spring Festival holiday.

　　In addition, major universities have recently held intensive work deployment meetings to knock the "alarm bell" in advance for the prevention and control of the winter vacation epidemic.

　　A few days ago, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications held a deployment meeting on campus epidemic prevention and control during the winter vacation. The school emphasizes that it is necessary to compact responsibilities at all levels, do a good job in campus closed management, students leaving school, teaching management, logistics support, material reserve, duty on duty, information submission, etc., strictly examine and approve the discipline of leaving school and returning to school, and build a defense line for campus epidemic prevention and control.

　　Capital Normal University previously issued a notice clearly stating that teachers and students "do not leave the country unless necessary". All secondary party organizations should strictly do a good job in the examination and approval of faculty leaving Beijing, and the student affairs department should strictly manage the record of leaving school. Adhere to the relatively closed campus management and the requirements of "returning to school conditions", strengthen the "Beijing Health Code" at the school gate and check the negative certificate of effective nucleic acid detection, and so on.

Data Map: Returning students receive love and epidemic prevention packages. Photo courtesy of Tongji University

　　Pay attention to these when you go home in winter vacation!

　　There have been sporadic epidemics in many places since the winter, but according to previous domestic disease control experts, although there is a large flow of people during the Spring Festival, as long as there are no infected people in the crowd, there will be no major epidemic with a wide spread.

　　For returning home for holidays, disease control experts and local education, health and other departments also gave some travel tips:

　　1. Don’t go to medium and high risk areas unless necessary.

　　2. Plan the return route, simplify the itinerary, pay attention to the changes in medium and high-risk areas in China, avoid transferring to transportation in medium and high-risk areas on the way, and do personal protection.

　　3. Return home from high-risk areas in China, pay attention to the relevant requirements such as nucleic acid detection certificate in the place of residence, and report the relevant situation to the community where the place of residence is located and the CDC in the jurisdiction after arriving at the destination.

　　4. Personal protection should be done in the process of returning home, and masks should be worn during the whole journey when taking public transport.

　　5. Pay attention to hand hygiene when traveling, and wash your hands frequently at stations, airports and other places.

　　6. Pay attention to personal hygiene on public transport, and cover your nose and mouth when sneezing.

　　7. During the Spring Festival, try to avoid going to the enclosed space with many people in the room, and reduce the gathering of relatives and friends and a large number of people.

　　8. Strengthen self-health monitoring. If you have symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea and fatigue, you should wear disposable medical masks and above, and immediately go to the fever clinic of the nearest designated hospital. Try to avoid taking public transportation during the medical treatment. Please take the initiative to inform the doctor of the travel history and contact history in detail when you see a doctor, so as to facilitate timely investigation.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 13th: The surging engine of the new era of endeavor — — Comprehensively deepening reform from the perspective of the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Qi Zhongxi, Hu Hao, Ling Junhui and Ren Huibin.

　　Comprehensively promote the innovation of system and mechanism, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation, and promote the concentration of resources to high-quality enterprises and products … …

　　Accelerate the development of a higher-level open economy and accelerate the cultivation of a new trade format and new model … …

　　On March 7, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech when attending the deliberation of the Guangdong delegation, releasing a clear signal of continuing to promote reform and opening up from a new starting point.

　　Reform is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China, and it is also the surging engine for China to "start again" in the new era. Standing on the historical node of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2018 shoulder the historical responsibility.

　　Implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, comprehensively deepening the reform to the end will become the common aspiration of the deputies and arouse the vitality of China in the new era.

　　The historical achievements and changes in the past five years show that reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China and to achieve the goal of "two hundred years"

　　In early spring and February, Shenzhen Municipal Government issued new measures to intensify the reform of business environment, and launched 20 reform measures and 126 policy points, striving to create a world-class business environment.

　　"Shenzhen has grown from a small fishing village to a modern metropolis, which fully proves the success of reform and opening up. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the promotion of reform and innovation policies, the Internet field has developed more rapidly, with China enterprises accounting for four of the top ten Internet companies in the world. In the future, I hope to use scientific and technological innovation to promote the further development of reform and opening up. " Deputy Ma Huateng, Chairman of Tencent’s Board of Directors, said that Tencent is using information technology to serve digital government affairs and "internet plus" to deepen the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services".

　　Leading the trend, gathering the power of reform. Shenzhen, the frontier city of reform and opening up, has a profound imprint of reform.

　　In December 2012, the Supreme Leader left Beijing for the first time after being elected as the general secretary and came to Shenzhen. He emphasized that reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China, and it is also a key measure to realize the goal of "two hundred years" and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　This is an important declaration of the CPC Central Committee’s adherence to reform and opening up and a mobilization order for comprehensively deepening reform.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have made all-round reforms in economic system, political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system and party building system, and made breakthroughs in a number of important areas and key links.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made new arrangements for comprehensively deepening the reform, and the reforms in various fields have made more efforts and advanced in depth: deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, promoting the reform of the talent evaluation mechanism by classification, implementing the rural revitalization strategy, and strengthening the reform in the field of intellectual property trials … …

　　Reform has stimulated market vitality — —

　　Market entities are more active than ever, with the number of newly established enterprises increasing from more than 5,000 to more than 16,000, and the number of various market entities reaching more than 98 million, an increase of more than 70% in five years;

　　Reform has brought innovation impetus — —

　　High-speed rail network, e-commerce, mobile payment, sharing economy, etc. lead the world trend. "internet plus" is widely integrated into all walks of life, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation flourish;

　　Reform has improved people’s livelihood security — —

　　Weaving the world’s largest social security network, the number of poor people has decreased by more than 68 million, social endowment insurance covers more than 900 million people, and basic medical insurance covers 1.35 billion people … …

　　The systematic country analysis report recently released by the World Bank holds that China’s "unprecedented" achievements in economic growth and poverty reduction have benefited from reform, and the realization of more inclusive and sustainable development will still depend on deepening reform.

　　"This year’s government work report puts forward that it is necessary to vigorously implement the rural revitalization strategy and comprehensively deepen rural reform. I believe that there will be more policies to benefit farmers, making the countryside more dynamic and farmers’ lives more promising!" Deputy Zeng Yunying, secretary of the Party branch and director of the village committee of Qicuo Village, Xiuyu District, Putian City, Fujian Province, said.

　　109 abandoned official seals in Tianjin Binhai New Area have been sealed in the National Museum, and the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" is in the ascendant. Deputy Yang Maorong, the head of Tianjin Binhai New Area, said that the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, which promoted the integration of multiple certificates and the separation of certificates, and the whole process of electronic business license and enterprise registration, made the public feel the government’s determination and effectiveness in optimizing the business environment and liberating productivity.

　　Standing at a new historical starting point and facing the transformation of major social contradictions, we need to carry out reform and opening up to the end without stopping.

　　A higher starting point means greater challenges. He who does not advance loses ground.

　　The 40-year reform has made the whole world witness the miracle of China, and it has also pushed the reform to a "deep water area" and a critical stage.

　　Reform is only carried out when it is not completed.

　　"China’s economy is in the key period of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. This is a pass that must be crossed. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out when attending the deliberation of the Guangdong delegation.

　　We should emancipate our minds, deepen our reform and expand our openness — — This is the new call and requirement of the new era.

　　Solve the main social contradictions with reform — —

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. Aiming at the transformation of major social contradictions and solving development problems is a profound change that has a bearing on the overall development.

　　"Jiangxi’s economy is underdeveloped, and the imbalance in education development is particularly prominent. There are regional imbalances and structural imbalances. At present, Jiangxi education is facing the dual pressures of popularization and high-quality development, and we must work hard on public policies. " Deputy Ye Rensun, director of Jiangxi Education Department, said.

　　He told reporters that more than 80% of counties in Jiangxi passed the supervision and evaluation of the balanced development of national compulsory education last year, and the next step will be to consider raising the bottom of compulsory education to promote balance and gnawing at the hard bones that have not yet passed the acceptance.

　　Promoting high-quality development through reform — —

　　According to the government work report, China’s economy is in the key period of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. There are still many slopes to climb and hurdles to overcome, and it is necessary to deal with predictable and unpredictable risk challenges.

　　"High-quality development brings about oriented changes, and the evaluation system for economic development also needs innovation. The proportion of traditional elements such as energy, resources, land and capital has declined, and the proportion of new elements such as technology and information has increased. " Yang Chengzhang, chief economist of Shen Yin Wanguo Securities Research Institute, said.

　　Representative Lu Man, chairman of Tianhe Ecological Agriculture Cooperative in jianhu county, Jiangsu Province, said that 90% of the meat products they produce are sold through the Internet. If logistics costs and flow charges do not drop, farmers will lack enthusiasm.

　　"To revitalize the countryside, we must rely on the reform dividend." Ruman said that reducing logistics costs and tariffs is not as simple as introducing a policy, but behind it is in-depth reform in related fields.

　　Respond to the new needs of people’s livelihood with reform — —

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that what the people care about and expect, what the reform must grasp and promote, and bring more sense of gain to the people through reform.

　　After years of research and thinking, Zhou Hongyu, a professor at Huazhong Normal University, began to call for "the establishment of an educational civil servant system" at the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2007.

　　In January this year, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era was issued, which established the special legal status of public primary and secondary school teachers as national public officials.

　　"The problems that teachers have reflected for a long time can only be substantially promoted by means of reform." Zhou Hongyu said, "I will put forward more specific suggestions this year to promote the early establishment of relevant supporting systems."

　　If you are new, you will be new, and you will be new.

　　"Our basic research is still relatively weak, such as some special materials and key parts ‘ Get stuck in the neck ’ The problem is still outstanding. " Zhu Rixiang, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "The government work report emphasizes science and technology and attaches importance to innovation, which is inspiring. I hope that these innovative incentive policies will come into effect, and the old stereotypes that are not suitable for development needs will be completely abolished. "

　　"There is no end to practical development, no end to emancipating the mind, and no end to reform and opening up." Member Cheng Yongbo, vice president of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, said that we should deepen the reform in an all-round way with greater courage and wisdom, continue to carry forward the spirit of "opening the way and bridging the bridge" and carry it through to the end.

　　Consolidate the powerful force of comprehensively deepening reform and achieve new breakthroughs at a new starting point.

　　2018 is the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.

　　The best commemoration of reform and opening-up is to show the determination and courage to "start again after reform and opening-up", and to make a thorough study of this great article on raising the standard, enhancing the sense of gain and achieving new breakthroughs.

　　"We must carry forward the spirit of reform and innovation, promote ideological emancipation and reform, deepen our work and grasp the reality, unite the powerful force of comprehensively deepening reform, and achieve new breakthroughs at a new starting point." At the second meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary hit the floor.

　　"Everything that is easy to change has been changed. Now all the changes are hard bones. The reform must have the courage and determination of a strong man to break his wrist." Deputy Wang Shoucong, secretary of the Party Committee of the General Administration of Agricultural Reclamation of Heilongjiang Province, said that Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation has a large volume and population, which is the focus and difficulty of reform, but we must strengthen our confidence and promote the reform of "collectivization of agricultural reclamation and enterprise of farms".

　　To achieve a new breakthrough at a new starting point, we must base ourselves on a higher level, a deeper level and a wider range of reforms — —

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, which concluded not long ago, deliberated and adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions and the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions, and agreed to submit part of the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions to the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress for deliberation in accordance with legal procedures.

　　The draft supervision law submitted to the National People’s Congress for deliberation will further strengthen the party’s unified leadership over anti-corruption work and promote the in-depth development of the anti-corruption struggle.

　　Gao Shangquan, an economist, said that the perfection of various systems and the degree of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity are the key factors for basically realizing modernization and building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way.

　　To achieve a new breakthrough at a new starting point, we must strengthen our responsibilities and do a good job of implementation — —

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward new tasks for comprehensively deepening reform around the new requirements for the development of the cause of the party and the state, and deployed a large number of reform tasks with greater strength, higher requirements and more practical measures.

　　Deepen the supply-side structural reform, promote the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, deepen the reform of fiscal and taxation system, accelerate the reform of financial system, and promote the reform of social system … … In this year’s government work report, the word "reform" appeared 97 times.

　　The government work report requires that the reform of "separation of licenses" be carried out throughout the country, with the focus on reducing licenses after the license is issued, and all kinds of licenses can be reduced and combined to further reduce the start-up time of enterprises. Deputy Hang Yingwei, the head of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, said that we should try our best to run out of the "free trade zone speed" in accordance with the highest international standards and the best level.

　　To achieve a new breakthrough at a new starting point, we must be down-to-earth and hard-working with the attitude of "strugglers" — —

　　After the state-owned Benxi Steel and private Shagang jointly reorganized Northeast Special Steel, they turned losses into profits in two months. Deputy Chen Jizhuang, chairman of Benxi Iron and Steel Group, believes that if the reform of mixed ownership can be vigorously promoted and the increment can be attracted by the stock, it is equivalent to pressing the "fast forward button" for the state-owned capital to become stronger and better.

　　"The new era is the era of strugglers, and we should carry forward ‘ Work hard ’ Spirit, dry words, do real new achievements, and create a new world of reform and development in the new era. " Member Meng Fengchao, Chairman of China Railway Construction Co., Ltd. said. (Participating in writing: Wang Jian, Wang Linlin, Yang Shaogong, Zong Wei, Huo Yao)

On July 31, local time, the Bank of Japan suddenly announced a rate hike, adjusting the current policy interest rate of 0% to 0.1% to around 0.25%. This is also the first rate hike since the Bank of Japan lifted its negative interest rate policy in March this year.

At the same time, the Bank of Japan announced a detailed table reduction plan. The scale of government bond purchases will be reduced by 400 billion yen every quarter, and the monthly bond purchases from January to March 2026 will be about 3 trillion yen. Although the plan is generally in line with expectations, the reduction in bond purchases is lower than market expectations.

Under the "double impact" of raising interest rates and shrinking the table, the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Japanese yen suffered a short-term earthquake, once breaking through the 152 mark. As of press time, the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Japanese yen was reported at 152.1.

As of the close of July 31, the Nikkei 225 index closed up 1.49% at 39,101.82 points. The yield of Japanese five-year government bonds rose by 7.5 basis points to 0.660%, the highest level since November 2009.

Analysts believe that the Bank of Japan cut its bond purchases while raising interest rates, demonstrating its determination to normalize its policies. The Bank of Japan also hinted in its statement that it may continue to tighten monetary policy in the future. "The future monetary policy operation will depend on the future development of economic activities, prices and financial conditions. However, given that the real interest rate is at a significantly low level, if the prospects put forward in the outlook report in July can be realized, the central bank will continue to raise the policy interest rate accordingly and adjust the degree of monetary easing."

On July 31, Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said that it is appropriate to adjust the easing policy from the perspective of achieving the sustainability and stability of 2% inflation. The real interest rate may still be significantly negative, and the relaxed financial environment will continue to support the economy. If the current economic and price prospects are realized, we will continue to raise interest rates and adjust the intensity of easing policies.

Since the negative interest rate policy was lifted in March this year, the Bank of Japan has been cautious in raising interest rates. What are the considerations for raising interest rates at this time?

Justin Hu, a professor of practice at Shanghai Institute of Advanced Finance, Shanghai Jiaotong University, told reporters that the certainty of Japan’s deflation is gradually stabilizing. Since April 2022, Japan’s CPI has been consistently higher than the central bank’s target of 2% year-on-year. At the same time, the recent weakness of the yen has also prompted the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates to some extent.

In the summary of its latest outlook report, the Bank of Japan also showed optimism about the sustainability of inflation. The Bank of Japan lowered the median core CPI forecast for FY 2024 to 2.5%, and raised the median core CPI forecast for FY 2025 to 2.1%.

The Foreign Exchange Group of the Research Department of CICC believes that the Bank of Japan’s interest rate hike may also be considered by the United States to cut interest rates. At present, the market has fully priced the Federal Reserve’s interest rate cut in September. Under this background, if the Bank of Japan postpones the interest rate hike to the meeting in September or October, it will highlight the hawkish behavior of the Bank of Japan and the convergence of US and Japanese monetary policies, which may further bring about the appreciation of the yen and the upward trend of Japanese bond interest rates.

1905 movie network news The comedy film "Hero of Rat Gallbladder", which will be released nationwide on July 19th, today exposed a group of stills of Dapeng and Lei Jiayin, with slightly grandiose shapes and movements, which attracted the audience’s strong curiosity and concern about their roles in the film.

Dapeng surprises to interpret "just one shot" and praises Xiao PINKRAY ‘s acting skills to break through himself

The comedy film "Hero of Rat Gallbladder" was jointly directed by Shu Huan and Shao Dan, starring Yun-peng Yue and Tong Liya, and joined by Tian Yu, Justin, Han Tongsheng, Cai Ming, Dapeng, Lei Jiayin, Yu Qian and Yu Yang. The film tells the story of Yan Dahai (Yun-peng Yue), a punk of Qinglong gang, who unexpectedly becomes a hero in the process of pursuing his beloved goddess Du Qing (Tong Liya).

It is understood that Dapeng plays the role of "Gun God", a key member of the Axe Gang, in the movie "Hero of Rat Gallbladder". The stills show that the word "Just one shot" is written on the plaque behind Dapeng, giving people a sense of inexplicable joy. In addition, Dapeng’s action of wearing a gorgeous robe and holding a heavy pipe can also be called a breakthrough in Dapeng’s previous image on the big screen. In the previously released trailer of "My name is Yan Dahai", the "Gun God" played by Dapeng tried to buy Yan Dahai with 20,000 oceans and was burned by Yan Dahai with a lighter. Later, Yun-peng Yue’s sentence "Do you want to buy me off again" made people laugh.

When talking about starring in "Hero of Rat Gallbladder", Dapeng is also very emotional. According to reports, Dapeng’s directorial debut, that is, Shu Huan was the script producer. This time, Shu Huan filmed the directorial debut "The Hero of Rat Gallbladder". Dapeng once said to Director Shu Huan: "You must leave me a role." As for the cooperation between Yun-peng Yue and Dapeng, Dapeng said that they have been growing together, and this time, "Hero of Rat Gallbladder" made Dapeng feel the breakthrough and progress of PINKRAY  Jr., and thought that he had created a different comedy image: "I think he played a better role, because he broke through his own characters and made me believe that he was shaping a brand-new person."

The "Erguotou" combination of Lei Jiayin and Yun-peng Yue meets each other and is "poor" on the beach.

In the fifth season of the recent hit, Yun-peng Yue and Lei Jiayin, two stooges, won the title of "two idiots" in one fell swoop. The "grudges and enmities" between them made people laugh, and the "Erguotou combination" was born. The "mutual poverty" confrontation between the two in the movie "Hero with Rat Gallbladder" also attracted many expectations.

Judging from the Lei Jiayin stills exposed this time, Lei Jiayin wears hair gel and metal earrings, and a suit with different colors shows enough "Jianghu atmosphere", which reminds people of the classic "I Nima" style in Lei Jiayin. Judging from the trailer that has been exposed in "Hero of Rat Gallbladder", in the film, Lei Jiayin grabbed PINKRAY ‘s ear and shouted: "I asked you to collect the protection fee, and you recognized my ancestors. My Qinglong gang face was lost by you." Let Yun-peng Yue collect a protection fee. Why are you afraid? It seems that the film has the plot that Lei Jiayin and Yun-peng Yue’s "Erguotou" combination failed to collect protection fees, and the two also continued to be smelly and poor outside the play.

Author: film and television weather vane

On November 13th, this year, the box office in China mainland exceeded 50 billion yuan. This is the first time that the box office in China has reached this integer mark in the past four years since 2020. It is estimated that the box office in the whole year is expected to reach 55 billion yuan to 56 billion yuan, reflecting the good recovery of the film market in China after the epidemic.

According to the preliminary statistics of the State Film Office, as of November 13th, the box office of China mainland movies exceeded 50 billion yuan this year, which is the first time that the box office of the whole country has reached this integer mark since it came out of the epidemic haze in the past four years from 2019.

Judging from the movies scheduled for more than one month this year, The Wind Vane predicts that the box office of Chinese movies is expected to reach 55 billion yuan to 56 billion yuan in 2023, or it will return to the level of 55.852 billion yuan in 2017.

Although there is still a gap from the highest annual box office record of 64.148 billion yuan in China film history set in 2019, it has shown a good recovery trend of China film market after the COVID-19 epidemic, which is commendable.

Judging from the box office performance of a single film, Up to now, Man Jiang Hong topped the annual box office list with a box office of 4.544 billion yuan. It is not only the highest-grossing film directed by Zhang Yimou, but also the 6th in the total box office list of China film history.

Wandering Earth 2 ranked second with a box office of 4.029 billion yuan. With its extraordinary imagination, excellent production and shocking visual effects, it continued the good reputation and box office trend of the first film, representing the highest level of science fiction movies in China. At the 36th Golden Rooster Awards Ceremony held in Xiamen on the evening of November 4th, the film won two awards, the special award of the jury and the best recording.

The realistic film "Put all your eggs in one basket" directed by the young director’s bid for the Olympic Games ranked third at the box office of 3.848 billion yuan, making it the biggest dark horse in China mainland film market this year. The slogan of the film "One more person watching the movie, one less person being deceived" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Disappeared She, Part One, In an Octagonal Cage, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, Bear with Me, Rock-solid and Unfamiliar Life are temporarily ranked 4th to 10th in the annual box office list.

This situation, except once in 2020 due to the epidemic, has seen one or three imported films enter the top 10 of the national annual box office list in other years. Not only that, so far this year, domestic films have accounted for more than 80% of the box office, and the proportion of summer files is as high as 87.58%!

This fully shows that today’s China audiences are more and more fond of watching excellent domestic films, and they are tired of the sequels and routines of Hollywood commercial blockbusters.

The polarization of the film market is also manifested in the increasing proportion of box office in major holidays such as Spring Festival, summer vacation and National Day.

This year’s Spring Festival box office is 6.765 billion yuan, summer box office is as high as 20.62 billion yuan, and National Day box office is 2.735 billion yuan. The box office of these three major periods alone totals 30.12 billion yuan, accounting for more than 60% of the total box office of 50 billion yuan.

If China’s film market wants to change the current situation that it relies too much on the schedule of major holidays, it must, as Mao Yu, executive deputy director of the Film Bureau, put it, "continue to work hard under the creation and construction of weekend schedules".

Looking forward to the rest of this year for more than a month, there will be excellent works to bring more surprises to the audience and the market!