On June 9, 2023, the State Administration of Market Supervision (State Anti-monopoly Bureau) issued the Annual Report on Anti-monopoly Enforcement in China (2022) (hereinafter referred to as the Report). The data shows that in 2022, China closed 187 monopoly cases in accordance with the law, with a fine of 784 million yuan, and concluded 794 cases of concentrated operators, of which 5 cases were approved with additional restrictive conditions.

　　Since 2019, the State Administration of Markets has compiled and published the Annual Report on Anti-monopoly Enforcement in China for four consecutive years.

　　According to the Report, on June 24, 2022, the 35th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed a decision on amending the anti-monopoly law, completing the first systematic revision of the law in the past 15 years.

　　The "Report" pointed out that China’s Internet platform anti-monopoly normalization supervision and law enforcement situation has basically taken shape. In May, 2022, the State Administration of Market Supervision filed an investigation into the alleged abuse of market dominance by HowNet, and imposed a fine of 5% of the previous year’s sales on illegal acts such as unfair high prices and restricted transactions by HowNet, totaling 87.6 million yuan, requiring HowNet to make comprehensive rectification around lifting exclusive cooperation, reducing users’ burden and strengthening internal compliance management, so as to promote the standardized, healthy and innovative development of the industry.

　　At the same time, the State Administration of Market Supervision has given full play to the guiding and warning role of the monopoly case of HowNet, strengthened the administrative guidance for the operators of academic resource platforms such as HowNet, Wanfang, Weipu and Superstar, and guided the upstream and downstream operators to consciously safeguard the good ecology and comprehensively standardize the competition order in the industry. Industry operators are required to operate in compliance with the law and shall not engage in exclusive cooperation.

　　According to the Report, in 2022, anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies investigated and handled one case of abuse of market dominance in the Internet industry and six cases of abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition; 24 cases of concentration of operators in the field of Internet platforms were concluded, and 27 cases of illegal implementation of concentration of operators in the field of Internet platforms were publicly punished. The amount of fines and confiscations in the above cases totaled 104.1 million yuan.

　　The abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition in bike-sharing and other fields has become increasingly prominent. According to the Report, cases involving abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition in the Internet industry are mainly concentrated in bike-sharing. In order to standardize the operation and management of bike-sharing, some local industry authorities abuse their administrative power to improperly restrict a single or a few bike-sharing-operated enterprises from entering the local market, prevent other qualified enterprises from entering the market, and exclude and restrict market competition. From the implementation of the main body, mainly for the city, county (district) level urban management departments, transportation departments, comprehensive administrative law enforcement departments.

　　In the field of online games, the Report believes that there is a risk that some operators will reach a vertical monopoly agreement or realize a hub-and-spoke agreement with the help of vertical relations in the online game market. In terms of concentration of operators, the horizontal integration in the game R&D and live broadcast markets is more likely to have the consequences of eliminating and restricting competition. For example, the merger of Huya and Betta will further strengthen Tencent’s dominant position in the live broadcast market, enabling Tencent to implement closed-loop management and two-way vertical blockade in the upstream and downstream markets, which has or may have the effect of eliminating and restricting competition, which is not conducive to fair competition in the market, may impair the interests of consumers, and is not conducive to the standardized, healthy and sustainable development of online games and live broadcast markets.

　　In view of the online video industry, the Report said that the high-risk competitive behavior in this industry is mainly reflected in two aspects: suspected monopoly agreement and abuse of market dominance. At present, the growth of user scale in online video industry is slowing down, and the user penetration of video platforms is close to saturation. Among them, the users of long video platforms have a negative growth trend, and their operations are under great pressure. In 2021, the market share of short video platform surpassed that of long video platform for the first time, and it became one of the fastest growing segments of Internet platform in China. However, the growth rate of users of short video platform also declined, and the risk of copyright infringement increased.

　　"At present, the competition order in the field of Internet platforms continues to improve. Internet platforms generally strengthen anti-monopoly compliance training, actively regulate their own business practices, and continuously improve the level of compliance management. At the same time, with the continuous progress of digital technology and the innovative development of business models, the problem of monopoly risk in the field of Internet platforms has also presented new features. The concealment and complexity of monopoly behavior are getting stronger and stronger, and the problem of infringing on the interests of operators and consumers in the platform still exists. It is necessary to further strengthen supervision and law enforcement. " The "Report" said.

　　Focusing on the people’s "urgent difficulties and worries", the national anti-monopoly law enforcement has continued to strengthen supervision and law enforcement in the fields of medicine, public utilities and building materials, investigated and dealt with major typical cases such as Shaanxi cement monopoly case, Zhejiang civil explosion monopoly case and Beijing Stroman monopoly case, examined and approved five cases of Chaowei’s acquisition of Xilinx, a new joint venture between Shanghai Airport and China Eastern Airlines Logistics, and strengthened cases with additional restrictions such as Ukrainian potassium merger and Xie Potassium acquisition and NVIDIA’s acquisition of Milos.

　　Specifically, in 2022, China’s anti-monopoly law enforcement filed 18 new cases to investigate monopoly agreements, and 16 cases were settled, with a total amount of fines and confiscations of 569 million yuan. From the perspective of industry distribution, it was mainly concentrated in industries such as medicine, education and training, building materials and motor vehicle testing. A total of 13 cases of abuse of market dominance were investigated and dealt with nationwide, and the amount of fines was 166 million yuan. From the perspective of industry distribution, there were 9 cases in public areas such as water supply and gas supply, and 1 case in Internet platform, wholesale and retail, logistics, ports and other fields. From the perspective of illegal subjects, administrative penalties were imposed on 14 enterprises, including 10 state-owned enterprises and 4 private enterprises.

　　According to the Report, people’s livelihood accounts for more than 73% of cases of abusing administrative power to exclude and restrict competition, among which urban management, medical and health care, engineering construction, education and people’s livelihood account for about 19%, 16%, 16%, 15% and 7% respectively.

　　Cases in the field of urban management mainly involve bike-sharing, construction waste removal, liquefied petroleum gas distribution and other industries. Specific actions include limiting the operation of enterprises in bike-sharing, setting an unreasonable list of garbage transport enterprises, and designating liquefied petroleum gas distribution enterprises. Cases in the field of medical and health care mainly involve medical procurement, medical material distribution, medical insurance, health examination and other industries, and the most typical one is to restrict or restrict transactions in disguise. Cases in the field of engineering and construction mainly involve construction, engineering supervision, housing safety appraisal and other industries, with the most typical behavior of restricting transactions and excluding and restricting foreign enterprises from participating in bidding. Cases in the field of education mainly involve campus security services, students’ clothing, training institutions and other industries. Specific actions include designating security service companies, designating students’ clothing suppliers, and designating centralized training institutions.

Special feature of 1905 film network The summer file just closed, becoming the biggest winner with 2.9 billion box office.By combining science fiction with comedy, Mahua FunAge not only achieved his own breakthrough, but also expanded the genre dimension of China’s science fiction films in terms of content and production.

For modeling director Liang Tingting, Moon Man’s creative process is undoubtedly a pioneering journey from scratch, from 0 to 1.How to integrate comedy elements into traditional sci-fi modeling, how to give consideration to science and aesthetics in design, and how does the beloved King Kong mouse put on a customized spacesuit?

Behind the scenes of this issue, let’s follow Liang Tingting, explore Moon Man’s clothing library together, and understand the story behind "Minions".

"Minions"

Convey a sense of joy and comedy with warm colors.

Deep blue quiet universe, gray moon surface, white space suit … When it comes to science fiction films, most of the cool colors that come to mind are full of futuristic and technological sense.

However, in Moon Man, the most impressive thing is the bright yellow, full of cheerful vitality and vitality, which coincides with the comedy style of the film.

Liang Tingting said frankly that his original spacesuit was dominated by "conventional" white, and "yellow" was the director’s insistence.

"His goal is very clear, and he wants the feeling of a happy Minions on the moon. Warm colors are more matched with comedy elements."

In order to enhance the aesthetics, Liang Tingting not only uses yellow with different lightness and saturation to increase the layering, but also skillfully adds elements such as white, sapphire blue and red to embellish, creating an unexpected "advanced" texture.

This design also makes Moon Man’s clothes stand out among the sci-fi films, which is unforgettable.

The "traditional" white spacesuit is applied to the dresses of other astronauts such as Ma Lanxing and glasses, which is in sharp contrast with Du Guyue and Gangzi, and it is also a visual adjustment.

"Tailor-made"

Details highlight the characteristics of people.

The service-oriented design of movies should not only pay attention to aesthetics, but also serve the characters and performances, and so should Moon Man.

Take the actor Du Guyue as an example. In the movie, he has eight sets of clothes, among which there are dozens of T-shirts with different patterns such as short sleeves and long sleeves, plus jackets, vests, suspenders and other equipment, which are countless.

In the specific design, in order to highlight the decadent state of the characters guarding the moon alone, the costume team seized a key word — — "greasy"

"He thought he was the only human being left, so at first he was in a state of ruin. We also made the clothes old and greasy, and the size was looser than normal, which highlighted the feeling of untidiness," Liang Tingting said.

At the same time, according to his status as a maintenance worker, the team also added a lot of clever ideas to the details, such as many pockets on the pants of work clothes and many small holes in the belt, which is convenient for carrying maintenance tools and so on.

With the development of the story and the change of Duguyue’s mentality, there are also different makeup and hairstyles to match it.

At the beginning, the "rotten" stage was unkempt and unshaven. After resuming contact with the earth, the appearance was immediately renewed and full of energy. Bags under the eyes, dark circles and decrees are obviously different from before.

If these are just routine operations, the hilarious "female kangaroo" shape is definitely a stroke of genius.When designing, Liang Tingting also started from the story itself: "What tools can Du Guyue use alone in the cabin? What kind of female kangaroo suit can you make? "

Finally, she chose to use hand-painted graffiti combined with Du Guyue’s casual clothes to create a "cartoon version" of the female kangaroo, which is full of childlike interest and joy, and has become one of the important burdens of the film.

Looking back to the earth, because we have just experienced a disaster, the overall dress style of human beings on earth is mainly simple.

The uniforms of base personnel such as Ma Lanxing are dominated by dark colors, all of which have been polished, and the design of uniforms is also based on simplicity, highlighting the capable and cool side of characters.

Among the post-disaster group images, the "No.1 Star" played is the most special, and the subversive bald hairstyle is full of laughter.

Liang Tingting was also deeply impressed by this: "Z.TAO played a star who was trapped in the subway by a disaster. In the end, there was no star burden and appearance concern at all. This bald shape is very helpful for him to show the inner state of the characters. "

"technology flow"

The design of spacesuit contains Gankun.

What’s it like to run and jump with Weiya on your back? This is the daily life of Shen Teng and the actor who plays King Kong Mouse on the set.

Liang Tingting revealed that the real spacesuit is even heavier than 40 kg, and its volume is even larger. When wearing it, actors can hardly make large-scale body movements such as turning their heads, reaching out and lifting their feet.

Therefore, the first step in the design is to "slim down" and "reduce the weight" of the spacesuit. First, the overall size is reduced, which is more suitable for human wear. Secondly, 3D printing is selected as the material, which effectively reduces the total weight.

According to the action requirements of different scenes, spacesuits will also be "ever-changing".

"The appearance looks the same, but the amount of relaxation is actually different. For example, if he wants to raise his hand or fight, he will relax more in his armpits, neck, back and other parts," Liang Tingting explained. "Such a person needs to prepare many sets of clothes, all of which add up to nearly 50 spacesuits. In this science fiction film, the amount of clothing is very large. "

Although the size and weight have been reduced, the modeling team insists that the basic functions and structure of the spacesuit cannot be changed, such as the closed structure in a vacuum environment, and the rigor of these details cannot be relaxed at all.

In addition to the basic design of the spacesuit, the screen on the chest of the arm, the life support system on the back and the helmet on the head also contain Gan Kun.The arm screen is not only decorative, but also as big as buttons and small as light bulbs. Most of them can be operated in real life. Strictly speaking, it belongs to the field of industrial design, which is a big challenge for the Liang Tingting team.

"The circuits and batteries inside are real. We can say that we have experienced the whole process of electronic products from design to production, and also broadened my design field."

Compared with Dugu Yue, it is undoubtedly more difficult to make King Kong mice wear spacesuits. Liang Tingting and his team have repeatedly studied and tested how to approach kangaroos infinitely in appearance and make actors move more easily.

They first studied the joint position and muscle direction of the kangaroo, and designed a "filler" to transform the actor’s figure into a kangaroo.

At the same time, in order to make the actors move more freely, the modeling team also designed several sets of King Kong mouse spacesuits to adapt to different postures such as squatting, jumping and sitting.

The most distinctive thing is the design of kangaroo’s "claws". Are the five fingers separated or put on gloves as a whole? Liang Tingting finally chose to combine realism with artistic processing, and his fingers can be opened and closed, especially in the scene of saying goodbye to Duguyue, where Gangzi kept scratching the hatch with gloves, which was both lovely and touching and impressive.

In this issue of "Behind the scenes" recording, the host also personally went into battle and experienced the feeling of becoming an "astronaut". Unexpectedly, the process of wearing a spacesuit only requires three people to help, which is very complicated and complicated. The life support system behind it is also quite heavy, which puts a lot of pressure on the spine.

After some practical experience, we can’t help but pay tribute to the actors and the behind-the-scenes team. Wearing a 40-kilogram spacesuit, you can imagine the efforts you have made to complete all kinds of actions under the condition that every move is very difficult.

Just as Hao Han, the actor who plays King Kong Mouse, has been preparing for a "faceless" role for 11 months without complaining, Liang Tingting and the modeling team are also "unsung heroes" behind Moon Man’s 2.9 billion box office.

Adding a touch of bright color to the film with costume modeling, Liang Tingting and Moon Man jointly completed a breakthrough and innovation of domestic science fiction.

　　With the development of mobile Internet technology and the popularity of smart phones, short videos have become a new form of communication popular with the public. However, the rapid development of the short video industry has also triggered new contradictions, with frequent infringement issues and disputes.

　　What are the infringement risks of using animation toys to shoot short videos? How does the court judge that the short video platform uploads popular songs for users to use without authorization? On the occasion of World Intellectual Property Day, Beijing Internet Court informed the court about the trial of short video copyright cases and issued a number of typical cases to explain the law.

　　Shoot short videos with self-purchased anime toys.

　　A case released by the Beijing Internet Court shows that the plaintiff Company A enjoys the exclusive right of information network communication and other copyrights for the "Altman" series of film and television works and their characters in Chinese mainland, and the defendant Company B uses the animation toys it bought to shoot and make short videos containing the "Altman" series of characters without permission, and uploads them to its own WeChat WeChat official account for public viewing or downloading. The plaintiff believed that the defendant’s behavior infringed on his right to copy, disseminate information on the Internet and shoot the "Altman" series of film and television works and their characters, so he requested the court to order the defendant to stop the infringement and compensate the economic losses. The court ruled that the defendant immediately stopped the infringement and compensated the plaintiff for economic losses of 320,000 yuan and notary fees of 2,500 yuan.

　　"The use of other people’s works constitutes reasonable use and needs to comply with the relevant provisions of the Copyright Law." Zhang Lianyong, deputy director of the Intellectual Property Judges’ Meeting of Beijing Internet Court, said that in the process of using the works involved, the defendant in this case objectively broadened the user flow of its own WeChat WeChat official account, which played an obvious role in enhancing the popularity and promoting its own brand. At the same time, there are 437 paragraphs involving the image of "Altman" in the video shot and uploaded by the defendant, involving a total of 33 Altman images, which has caused substantial damage to the legitimate rights and interests of the plaintiff, which does not meet the requirements of fair use of copyright law and constitutes infringement.

　　In this case, the defendant bought the "Altman" image toy, and he enjoyed the property rights of possession, use, income and disposal of the toy. In this regard, Zhang Lianyong explained that although the defendant enjoyed the ownership of the "Altman" image toy in the sense of property rights, it could not extend to the copyright of the "Altman" art image works. The exercise of real right should respect the copyright it carries, otherwise it may constitute infringement.

　　Short video platform uploads popular songs without authorization.For users’ use

　　At present, in order to attract users, some short video platforms deliberately ignore the issue of authorization, and upload some popular songs to the platform music library for users to use as music when making short videos, resulting in hundreds of thousands or even more infringements of a song.

　　Company A, the plaintiff, was authorized to obtain the information network communication right of a popular online song. The short video platform operated by defendant B Company uploaded the song to the platform music library without the plaintiff’s authorization, and users can use and cover the song at will when recording short videos through the platform. In the end, 377,000 works on the short video platform used the song, and many users covered the song and recorded and uploaded short videos. These short videos can be played, liked, commented, shared and downloaded, with the functions of shooting the same paragraph and paying for promotion, and about 195,000 works used the short videos uploaded by the above users. The plaintiff believed that the defendant’s behavior seriously violated the plaintiff’s right to spread the song on the information network, and requested the court to order the defendant to delete all the infringing short videos and compensate the economic losses. During the trial of this case, the plaintiff confirmed that the defendant had deleted all the infringing short videos and changed the claim to compensate for economic losses. The court ruled that the defendant compensated the plaintiff for economic losses of 3000 yuan.

　　"Without the permission of the plaintiff, the defendant uploaded the popular online songs that the plaintiff enjoyed the right of information network communication to the short video platform music library and placed them in the information network, so that platform users could use and cover the songs at will when recording short videos at the time and place selected by individuals, which infringed on the plaintiff’s right of information network communication and should bear the tort liability of compensation for losses." Zhang Lianyong said.

　　In this case, the short video platform submitted the identity information of the network users who covered the songs involved to the court, and it can be concluded that the relevant short video was uploaded by the network users. In this regard, the court held that considering the direct infringement of the short video platform in providing the songs involved in the music library, combined with the music usage mode of the short video, the short video platform should be able to reasonably realize that the network users will use the songs involved in the upload to record and upload short videos, but they have not taken necessary measures to prevent them, which is subjectively wrong. Therefore, for the behavior of network users who cover the songs involved and record and upload short videos, if the short video platform does not provide evidence to prove that it is not at fault, it constitutes help infringement and should bear the corresponding tort liability.

　　Short video platform should strengthen supervision and guide users to standardize their creative behavior.

　　Infringement of copyright involving short video is high, which damages the legitimate rights of copyright owners and affects the long-term development of short video industry. How to strengthen responsibility and avoid infringement? Jiang Ying, a member of the party group and vice president of Beijing Internet Court, believes that on the one hand, short video platforms should strengthen supervision. Classify and manage the content, and strengthen the supervision obligations for short videos with obvious infringement attributes, strong platform control and direct benefits from the platform. In addition, the supervision of platform users should be strengthened. For users who continue to infringe repeatedly, measures such as restricting rights and titles should be taken to effectively avoid repeated infringements. On the other hand, the short video platform should become a link between the copyright owner and the user, effectively integrate music, pictures, videos and other resources, and build a copyright authorization distribution system of first authorization, then use and then pay, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of infringement.

　　At the same time, raising the awareness of copyright protection of short video creators is particularly important for reducing the occurrence of infringement from the source. Jiang Ying suggested that courts, administrative departments, educational institutions and other relevant units can rely on the short video platform to educate short video creators about law popularization and popularize knowledge of copyright protection. Short video platform should be based on legal provisions, judicial cases, administrative regulatory requirements, etc., for the common short video copyright infringement for special treatment, to guide users to regulate short video creation behavior.

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

Charging infrastructure refers to all kinds of charging and replacing facilities for electric vehicles, which is a new type of urban infrastructure. Vigorously promoting the construction of charging infrastructure is conducive to solving the charging problem of electric vehicles, is an important guarantee for the development of new energy automobile industry, and is of great significance for creating mass entrepreneurship, innovation and increasing the "double engines" of public products and services, achieving steady growth, restructuring and benefiting people’s livelihood. In recent years, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making and deployment of the State Council and actively promoted the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and all the work has made positive progress. However, there are still problems such as inconsistent understanding, imperfect supporting policies, difficult coordination and promotion, and imperfect standards and norms. In order to speed up the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, with the consent of the State Council, we hereby put forward the following opinions:
　　I. General requirements
　　(1) Guiding ideology. Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Plenary Sessions of the 18th National Congress, adhere to the pure electric drive as the main strategic orientation for the development of new energy vehicles in accordance with the State Council’s decision-making arrangements, put the construction of charging infrastructure in a more important position, strengthen overall planning, unify standards and norms, improve supporting policies, innovate development models, foster a good market service and application environment, form a rational, scientific and efficient charging infrastructure system, increase effective investment in public products, and improve the level of public services.
　　(2) Basic principles.
　　Overall planning and scientific layout. Strengthen the top-level design of charging infrastructure development, do a good job in the overall planning of charging infrastructure construction according to the requirements of "adjusting measures to local conditions, helping each other quickly and economically", increase the integration of public resources, scientifically determine the construction scale and spatial layout, and simultaneously build a charging intelligent service platform to form a relatively complete charging infrastructure system.
　　Moderately ahead, orderly construction. Focusing on the future development of electric vehicles, combined with the charging needs of different fields and levels, in accordance with the requirements of "piles and stations first" and according to the scale and layout determined by the plan, the construction will be promoted in an orderly and classified manner to ensure that the construction scale is moderately advanced.
　　Unified standards, universal openness. Accelerate the formulation and revision of key technical standards for charging and replacing electricity, and improve the standards for engineering construction, operation service and maintenance management. In strict accordance with the engineering construction standards, we will build and transform the charging infrastructure, improve the product certification and access management system for electric vehicles and charging equipment, promote the interconnection of different charging service platforms, and improve the universality and openness of facilities.
　　Relying on the market and innovating the mechanism. Give full play to the leading role of the market, and guide social capital to participate in the construction and operation of the charging infrastructure system by promoting the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model, increasing financial support, and establishing a reasonable price mechanism. Encourage enterprises to combine "internet plus", innovate business cooperation and service mode, create more economic and social benefits and realize sustainable development.
　　(3) Work objectives. By 2020, a moderately advanced, intelligent and efficient charging infrastructure system will be basically built to meet the charging needs of more than 5 million electric vehicles; Establish a relatively perfect standard and market supervision system to form a unified, open and competitive charging service market; Form a sustainable industrial ecosystem of "internet plus Charging Infrastructure", make breakthroughs in science and technology and commercial innovation, and cultivate a number of internationally competitive charging service enterprises.
　　Second, increase the intensity of construction
　　(four) to strengthen the special planning and design and guidance. All localities should incorporate the relevant contents of special planning for charging infrastructure into urban and rural planning, improve the layout of independent charging infrastructure, and clarify the construction ratio of charging facilities in parking lots and social public parking lots of various buildings or the requirements for reserved construction and installation conditions. The electric vehicle charging infrastructure system should be formed with the special charging facilities such as parking spaces in users’ residences, unit parking lots, bus and taxi stations as the main body, public charging facilities such as public building parking lots, social public parking lots and temporary parking spaces as the auxiliary, and urban fast charging stations, power exchange stations and intercity fast charging stations with independent land occupation as the supplement. In principle, 100% of newly-built residential parking spaces should be equipped with charging facilities or reserved construction and installation conditions, and the proportion of parking spaces equipped with parking facilities or reserved construction and installation conditions for large public buildings and social public parking lots should be no less than 10%, and at least one public charging station should be built for every 2,000 electric vehicles. Encourage the construction of mechanical and three-dimensional parking and charging integrated facilities with less land occupation, low cost and quick effect.
　　(five) the construction of charging facilities in the user’s residence. Encourage enterprises such as charging services and property services to participate in the construction, operation and management of charging facilities in residential areas, carry out the renovation of parking spaces in a unified way, directly handle the procedures for charging electricity, and appropriately charge users on the premise of complying with relevant laws and regulations. For users with fixed parking spaces, priority is given to the construction of charging facilities in parking spaces; For users without fixed parking spaces, it is encouraged to build public charging parking spaces in residential areas and establish a time-sharing mechanism for charging parking spaces to create conditions for users to charge.
　　(six) the construction unit internal charging facilities. Conditional government agencies, public institutions, enterprises and institutions should make use of internal parking resources to plan and build special parking spaces and charging facilities for electric vehicles in combination with the unit’s electric vehicle equipment update plan and the employees’ demand for purchasing and using electric vehicles. All localities can include the construction of charging facilities by relevant units in the scope of assessment and reward for energy conservation and emission reduction.
　　(seven) the construction of public service charging facilities. For electric vehicles in public service areas such as public transportation, sanitation, airport commuting, etc., according to the line operation requirements, priority should be given to the construction of charging facilities in parking lots, and independent fast charging stations and power exchange stations should be reasonably built along the way. For electric vehicles in the public service field, such as rental, logistics, leasing and public security patrol, we should fully tap the potential of charging facilities in the internal parking lot of the unit and combine them with urban public charging facilities to achieve high efficiency and complementarity.
　　(eight) the construction of urban public charging facilities. The construction of public charging facilities should be gradually promoted from the center of the city to the edge, from the priority development area of the city to the general area. Give priority to the construction of parking lots in large shopping malls, supermarkets, cultural and sports venues and other buildings, as well as public charging facilities in public parking lots such as transportation hubs and park-and-ride (P+R). Encourage the construction of public fast charging facilities at qualified gas stations, and appropriately build independent public fast charging stations. Encourage qualified units and individuals to open their charging facilities to the public.
　　(nine) the construction of intercity fast charging network. Make full use of parking spaces in expressway service area to build intercity fast charging station. Priority will be given to the construction of intercity fast charging networks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and the construction of intercity fast charging networks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Central Plains, Chengdu-Chongqing and Harbin-Changchun urban agglomerations will be promoted in a timely manner. By 2020, an intercity fast charging network covering most major cities will be initially formed to meet the inter-city and inter-provincial travel needs of electric vehicles.
　　Third, improve the service system
　　(10) Improve the standards and specifications of charging facilities. Accelerate the revision of standards such as charging interfaces and communication protocols, actively promote the revision of standards such as interoperability testing of charging interfaces and data exchange between charging service platforms, and realize the unification of charging standards. Carry out research on safety technical measures such as fire protection in places where charging facilities are set up, and timely revise relevant standards. Improve product standards such as charging and replacing equipment and electric vehicle batteries, and clarify fire safety requirements. Formulate new charging technology standards such as wireless charging. Improve the management norms of charging infrastructure such as metering, billing and settlement, and accelerate the establishment of road traffic sign system for charging infrastructure.
　　(eleven) the construction of intelligent charging service platform. Vigorously promote the "internet plus charging infrastructure", improve the intelligent level of charging services, improve operational efficiency and user experience, and promote the two-way interaction of energy and information between electric vehicles and smart grids. Encourage users to use technologies such as mobile Internet, Internet of Things and big data to provide users with services such as charging navigation, status inquiry, charging reservation and fee settlement, and expand value-added services of the platform.
　　(12) Establish an interconnection promotion mechanism. Establish a national electric vehicle charging infrastructure promotion alliance, cooperate with relevant government departments to strictly manage the product access of charging facilities, and carry out the interoperability testing and certification of charging facilities. Build a charging infrastructure information service platform, unify the information exchange protocol, effectively integrate the information resources of charging service platforms of different enterprises and cities, promote the interconnection of different charging service platforms, and provide support for formulating and implementing fiscal, taxation, supervision and other policies.
　　(thirteen) do a good job in supporting power grid access services. All localities should incorporate the charging infrastructure supporting power grid construction and transformation projects into the special planning of distribution network, and give support in terms of land security and corridor traffic. Power grid enterprises should strengthen the construction and transformation of charging infrastructure supporting power grid to ensure that power supply meets the operating needs of charging and replacing facilities; It is necessary to provide convenient conditions for charging infrastructure to access the power grid, open up a green channel, and complete it within a time limit. Power grid enterprises are responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of the supporting network connection project from the charging infrastructure property right demarcation point to the power grid, and shall not charge the network connection fee, and the corresponding assets shall be fully included in the effective assets, and the cost shall be truthfully included in the permitted cost, and shall be recovered according to the transmission and distribution price of the power grid.
　　(fourteen) innovative charging service business model. Encourage the exploration of the development mode of combining large-scale charging and replacing power stations with commercial real estate, and guide shopping malls, supermarkets, cinemas, convenience stores and other commercial places to provide users with auxiliary charging services. Encourage charging service enterprises to innovate and build a charging infrastructure business cooperation model through cooperation with vehicle companies and crowdfunding, and provide value-added services such as intelligent charging and discharging, e-commerce and advertising by combining online and offline, so as to enhance the sustainable development ability of charging service enterprises.
　　Fourth, strengthen support and guarantee
　　(fifteen) simplify the examination and approval of planning and construction. All localities should reduce the examination and approval links of charging infrastructure planning and construction and speed up the processing in accordance with the requirements of decentralization, combination of decentralization and management and optimization of services. Individuals who install charging facilities in their own garages and parking spaces and in existing parking spaces in various residential areas and units do not need to apply for construction land planning permits, construction project planning permits and construction permits. When building urban public parking lots, it is not necessary to separately handle the construction project planning permit and construction permit for the simultaneous construction of charging infrastructure such as charging piles. The newly-built centralized charging and replacing power station with independent land occupation should conform to the urban planning, and handle the construction land planning permit, construction project planning permit and construction permit.
　　(sixteen) improve the fiscal price policy. Increase subsidies for charging infrastructure, speed up the formulation of financial incentives for charging infrastructure construction during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, and urge all localities to formulate relevant support policies as soon as possible and announce them to the public, giving policy expectations for market stability. In the early stage of industrial development, we will give appropriate support through the central infrastructure investment funds. For the electricity consumption of operating centralized charging and replacing facilities that directly report to power grid operating enterprises, the price of large-scale industrial electricity consumption will be implemented, and the basic electricity fee will be temporarily exempted before 2020; Other charging facilities shall implement classified catalogue electricity prices according to their locations. Allow charging service enterprises to charge users electricity and service fees, charge different types of infrastructure, guide all localities to take into account the reasonable income of investment and operation entities and the economy of users’ use, and introduce classified guiding prices of charging service fees as soon as possible, and gradually standardize the charging service price mechanism on the basis of summing up local experience.
　　(17) Broaden diversified financing channels. All localities should effectively integrate various public resources such as public transportation, taxi stations and social public parking lots, and create conditions for social capital to participate in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure through PPP and other means. Encourage financial institutions to innovate financial products and insurance products under the principle of commercial sustainability, and comprehensively apply policies such as risk compensation to improve the financial service system. Promote pledge financing methods such as equity, project income rights and franchise rights, accelerate the establishment of a multi-level guarantee system including financial investment and social capital investment, actively promote the establishment of financing guarantee funds, and broaden the financing channels for charging infrastructure investment and operation enterprises and equipment manufacturers. Encourage the use of social capital to set up a special fund for the development of charging infrastructure, issue corporate bonds for charging infrastructure, and explore the use of basic endowment insurance funds to invest in supporting the construction of charging infrastructure.
　　(eighteen) increase land support. All localities should incorporate the land for centralized charging and replacing power stations that occupy an independent area into the scope of land for business outlets of public facilities, and give priority to land supply according to the land supply mode of gas filling stations and the availability of state-owned construction land. If the supply of land for new projects requires the construction of charging infrastructure, the construction requirements can be included in the land supply conditions, allowing the land use right holder to cooperate with other market entities to invest in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure as required. Encourage the construction of charging infrastructure in existing buildings with parking lots, bus stops, social public parking lots, highway service areas and other places, and local governments should coordinate relevant units to give support in land use.
　　(nineteen) increase the coordination of the owners’ committee. Formulate a national unified demonstration text for the construction and management of charging infrastructure in private users’ residences. Local real estate administrative departments, neighborhood offices and neighborhood committees should take the initiative to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the owners’ committee in accordance with the model text, and guide the owners to support the construction of charging infrastructure. The owners’ congress and the owners’ committee shall, based on the model text and combined with their own reality, clarify the process of construction and management of charging infrastructure in the property service area.
　　(twenty) support the research and development of key technologies. Relying on demonstration projects, we will actively explore technical solutions for the integrated development of charging infrastructure with smart grid, distributed renewable energy and intelligent transportation, and strengthen the research and development of key technologies such as testing and certification, safety protection, two-way interaction with power grid, battery cascade utilization, unattended self-service and coordinated control of piles. Give full play to the main role of enterprise innovation, and accelerate the research and development of new charging and replacing technologies and equipment with high power density, high conversion efficiency, high applicability, wireless charging and mobile charging.
　　(twenty-one) clear safety management requirements. All localities should establish a safety management system for charging infrastructure, improve relevant systems and standards, and increase the investigation and punishment of users’ private wiring, illegal electricity use, and irregular construction. According to the law and regulations, the fire design audit, fire inspection and acceptance, and spot check for the record shall be carried out for the charging infrastructure, and the fire supervision and inspection shall be strengthened. The competent department of industry should urge the units or individuals that use the charging infrastructure to strengthen the daily fire safety inspection and management of the charging infrastructure and its setting places, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.
　　Fifth, do a good job in organizing implementation
　　(twenty-two) the implementation of local responsibility. All localities should earnestly assume the main responsibility of promoting the development of charging infrastructure as a whole, and regard the construction and management of charging infrastructure as a special task of the government. Establish a collaborative promotion mechanism led by the development and reform (energy) department and closely coordinated by relevant departments, clarify the division of responsibilities and improve supporting policies. Before the end of March 2016, the special plan for charging infrastructure will be released, and the management measures for the construction and operation of charging infrastructure will be formulated and implemented.
　　(twenty-three) to increase the demonstration and promotion. All localities should combine the needs of the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, and carry out pilot demonstrations on the construction and operation mode of charging infrastructure in view of the key points and difficulties in the development of charging infrastructure. Establish a three-level demonstration project system of "demonstration communities and units", "demonstration cities and counties" and "intercity fast charging demonstration area". In the demonstration project, we should give full play to the role of existing public facilities, strengthen the cooperation between government and enterprises, innovate the construction and operation mode of urban charging infrastructure, improve relevant standards and regulations and supporting policies, explore various advanced and applicable charging technologies, sum up the development experience of charging infrastructure that can be replicated and popularized, and promote the popularization of charging infrastructure.
　　(twenty-four) to create a good public opinion environment. All relevant departments, enterprises and news media should strengthen publicity on the development policies, planning layout and construction trends of charging infrastructure through various forms, so that all sectors of society can fully understand the charging infrastructure, attract more social capital to participate in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure, and at the same time strengthen public opinion supervision, expose behaviors that hinder the construction of charging infrastructure and harm consumers’ rights and interests, and form a public opinion atmosphere conducive to the development of charging infrastructure.
　　(twenty-five) to form a joint force to promote. The Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau shall, jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant departments, rely on the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industries, strengthen departmental coordination, strengthen guidance and supervision over various localities, sum up and promote successful experiences and effective practices in a timely manner, and report major situations to the State Council in a timely manner. The Energy Bureau should speed up the improvement of charging service supervision from the aspects of strict standard implementation, rationalizing price mechanism, strengthening power supply supervision, promoting interconnection and introducing social capital. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Public Security should create favorable conditions for the construction and operation of charging infrastructure from the aspects of planning and construction standards, land for facilities, fire safety and traffic signs. The Ministry of Finance, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission should enhance the confidence of social capital by increasing financial support and strengthening financial services and guarantees. The State Administration of Taxation and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission should guide government agencies, public institutions and state-owned enterprises and institutions to take the lead in building charging infrastructure in internal parking lots. Other relevant departments should do a good job of coordination according to their respective responsibilities.

the General Office of the State Council
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　September 29, 2015

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Letter of Opening Office of the State Council [No.33 [2021]

　

General offices of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and general offices (rooms) of ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The fourth meeting of the National Leading Group for Openness of Government Affairs and the "General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing"The Notice on Key Points of Government Affairs Openness in 2021 (No.12 [2021] of Guo Ban Fa) requires that local governments and the State Council departments with the power to make rules should make the existing effective regulations of their local departments publicly available through the "Government Information Openness Column" of the government portal website before the end of 2021. In order to strengthen work norms and improve the quality and effectiveness of centralized and open regulations, we have consulted with the General Office of the Ministry of Justice and are hereby notified of relevant matters as follows.

First, when the rules are formulated or amended, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on Rules-making Procedures, the principal responsible person shall sign an order to publish it. When the rules are made public, only the title, caption and text are made public, and the order signed by the person in charge is not repeated. The caption shall include the announcement time and document number, revision time and document number, implementation time and other identifying information. For details, please refer to the Legal Information Network of China Municipal Government (website of the Ministry of Justice).The caption format of "Administrative Regulations Library".

Second, in order to improve the authority and standardization of centralized disclosure of rules and regulations, and facilitate the public to make better use of the rules and regulations obtained through the Internet, the General Office of the Ministry of Justice and the China Government Network Operation Center have designed the web page layout and download layout of rules and regulations, and at the same time, adjusted them accordingly.The page design of "Government Information Disclosure Column" is now issued together.

Three, to strengthen work coordination, coordination of legal institutions to carry out the work together, to clean up the rules and regulations, to lay a solid foundation for the centralized and open regulations. It is necessary to strengthen the management after disclosure and establish a dynamic updating mechanism so that the results of centralized disclosure of regulations can continue to play a role.

Four, the general office of the people’s governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) to guide the offices of the people’s governments of cities and autonomous prefectures in accordance with the requirements of this notice to do a good job of centralized disclosure of regulations, and in the portal of the people’s governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)"Government information disclosure column" focuses on the regulations of the people’s governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and the regulations of the people’s governments of cities and autonomous prefectures divided into districts.

Five, the centralized disclosure of rules and regulations, is an important part of deepening the openness of government affairs and strengthening the management of government information, is to implement the "rule of law China construction plan".(2020-2025), the Implementation Outline for the Construction of a Government under the Rule of Law (2021-2025) and other central documents are one of the key tasks, which is related to optimizing the business environment and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. It is necessary to raise awareness, strengthen leadership, do a good job in the implementation of various tasks in strict accordance with the requirements, ensure the timely completion of tasks, and provide the society with the current effective regulatory texts with unified format, complete content and authoritative norms.

I hereby inform you.

The State Council general office government information Yu government affairs public office

October 25, 2021

　

　

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Rules and regulations of web page layout, download layout and column page design scheme

Download attachment:Rules and regulations of web page layout, download layout and column page design scheme

In Renaissance painters, a flowing long blond hair always made the characters shine with divine brilliance. Whether it’s Venus, the goddess of love rising from the sea in Sandro Botticelli’s works, or Flora, the goddess of flowers surrounded by flowers, there is a warmth of love between the gossamers. However, long blond hair is not the patent of the goddess, and there are also many men who are in the wind and fog. For example, in Diu Lei’s self-portrait in 1500, the thick and curly long dark golden hair almost falls symmetrically from the painter’s head, which makes people feel unreal.

Details of "Flower God" in Botticelli’s Spring (1482)

The deepest line about "hair" in German poetry in the 20th century is undoubtedly Death fugue (TodesfugeThe last two sentences in) are right. In this poem, words take the place of notes, accumulating strength continuously, and finally pouring down:

Margaret with your golden hair,

Your book girl with ashes-like hair.

Paul Celan didn’t use the "blond" which usually describes the blue-eyed blonde of German beauty, but chose the "golden" which makes "Margaret" more divine. This word is in sharp contrast with the word "aschen" that describes the Jewish beauty "Shulamier", which is obviously reminiscent of the crematorium in the context of Holocaust literature. So we read the initial shallow opposition between these two sentences: on the one hand, a fierce abuser, and on the other hand, a weak Jewish victim, separated by a precipice.

Albrecht Diu Lei’s Self-Portrait in a Fur Coat (1500)

However, the expression "Margaret with golden hair" still hides a more profound symbolic meaning, which requires tracing back to two famous female images in the history of German literature.

Lorelei with "golden hair"

The first image is Loreley, a witch in German folklore. Clemens Brentano, a romantic writer, wrote in his novel Godfrey (GodwiAfter telling this story in the form of narrative poem, the cliff stone with a height of 132 meters at the big bend in the middle reaches of the Rhine River was covered with a mysterious veil. Since then, this beautiful but cruel witch has also appeared in eichendorff’s narrative poem "Question and Answer in the Woods" (Waldgespr?ch), but what really makes this story a household name is Heinrich Heine’s lyric poem Lorelei in 1824 (Lorelei), especially coupled with romantic composer Friedrich Silcher’s melancholy and sentimental composition, makes Heine’s poetry almost equal to this legend (for the misunderstanding of Heine’s poetry caused by Schecher’s composition, please refer to the author’s musical interpretation of Lorelei. See The Art of German Music Poetry, East China Normal University Press, 2021). Like "Margaret with golden hair", Heine’s witches also have a heady "golden hair", and the third and fourth paragraphs of the poem write:

The most beautiful girl,

Sitting upright on high places,

The gold ornaments sparkled with youth,

She combed her golden hair.

The gold comb is light and the hair is trimmed.

And sing a song,

The tune of this ballad,

There are attractive secrets.

(translated by Jiang Linjing)

Although dressed in a simple coat, a careful reading reveals that Heine’s poem describing witches is very strange: he repeated the word "golden" three times in three consecutive lines, describing Lorelei’s jewelry, hair and comb respectively. What is displayed in front of the readers is a girl who is not particularly touching except for the golden light shining all over her body, which makes it difficult for people to love. So the boatman who yearned for Lorelei described in the fourth paragraph could only sigh:

A boatman in a canoe

Suddenly I was sad,

He didn’t look at the reef,

He only looks high.

(translated by Jiang Linjing)

However, this doomed tragedy is by no means the return of the romantic party to the medieval tradition of "elegant love". The sadness caused by unattainable love only floats on the surface of words, and romantic irony is surging in the muscles below. Is this witch shining with golden light really worth dying for? The witch sitting on the high cliff is like a mirror image of the banshee of Sai Ren in ancient Greece, who charms the boatmen coming and going with songs. Her long hair is the secret weapon of "femme fatale", which grinds the wounds of love to the core.

John William Waterhouse’s The Banshee of Sai Ren (1900)

In fact, girls with long hair often indicate the impending death in medieval paintings. In a painting entitled "Three Years of Life and Death" by Hans Baldung, a painter who is good at depicting "death and the maiden" (Die drei Lebensalter und der Tod) in the oil painting, both the baby and the old woman show fear in the face of death, and only the fair-skinned blonde girl is intoxicated with her beauty in the mirror, completely unaware of the death at hand. Holding high the torch of youth, who can pay attention to the hourglass of death? In the spectacular tapestry of Revelation (Tenture de l’Apocalypse), the Babylonian whore is also portrayed as a long-haired beauty who combs her hair with one hand and looks at herself in the mirror with the other.

Carl Joseph Beggs’s Lorelei (1835)

Attentive readers can indeed find faint clues alluding to Lorelei in Death Fugue. When the image of "Margaret" first appeared in the sixth line of the poem ("He wrote a letter to Margaret with golden hair in Germany"), Celan chose the same word as Heine used to describe the background of the legend of "Lorelei": "Esdunkelt"-a time to step into darkness and lead to tragedy.

In the second year of writing this poem, Heine was quietly baptized and became a Protestant, but the relationship between this Jewish poet and Protestantism was actually extremely ambiguous. The boatman who was attracted by the dazzling sound of Lorelei’s phantom and looked up to the heights was an allusion to the poet’s Jewish identity. The witch with "golden hair" represents "Germany" in the poet’s eyes in a sense-as high as a goddess sitting on a cliff stone, beyond reach. Although the poet did see his own shadow in the boatman who was infatuated with Lorelei, he finally let "I" jump out of the Rhine legend in the last paragraph and look at the doomed fate of this man who suffered from love trauma and racial discrimination with lament and self-mockery:

I guess the waves finally swallowed up.

The boatman and the boat;

Lorelena’s song,

Make it all happen.

(translated by Jiang Linjing)

As a Jewish poet who also wrote in German, Celan’s feelings for Germany are more complicated than Heine’s: Germany is obviously the "master of death" and the executioner who killed his parents, but German is also the poet’s cultural language and creative language. His poems are nourished by both Jewish and German water sources, just as he wrote in an untitled poem in his later years: "I drink from two cups". Heine saw his own shadow in the boatman who looked up at the blonde witch, and Celan used the double mirror image in "Margaret with golden hair" to reflect her love and hate for Germany.

"Margaret" with Long Hair and "Eternal Woman"

The second literary image is Margarete, the heroine in the first tragedy of Goethe’s Faust, also known as Gretchen. Faust, who became a charming teenager after making a pact with the devil, fell in love with Margaret, a girl who was like a white jade. The girl was tempted, gave birth to an illegitimate child with Faust despite the opposition of her family, and drowned the baby in despair. In the last scene of the first tragedy, Faust, with the help of the devil, went to prison to rescue Gan Qingqing, but he could not convince her. Gan Qingqing in prison thinks that she should be punished for her crime, but firmly believes that God will save her penitent soul.

Henrik Frans Safr’s Faust and Sweet Tears (1863)

There is a scene in the play that depicts Margaret combing her hair in the boudoir and discovering the jewels that Faust was lured by the devil and quietly left in the wardrobe, so she dressed up carefully and lamented that the exquisite jewels made the mirror more radiant. The image of a tearful girl who combs her hair in a mirror is reminiscent of the girl in death and the maiden. This scene has indeed become a turning point in the fate of Gan Qingqing, and the girl has since fallen into the abyss of perdition and moved closer to death step by step. Faust has aroused great concern in European literary circles, and Margaret (Gan Tears Qing) has also become the representative of "German women" in world literature, and many painters have described her as a typical German beauty with "blonde hair and blue eyes".

Schnoor Carrolsfield’s Faust and Gan Tears in Prison (1833)

Let’s turn our attention to the last scene of the whole poetic drama. In front of the mysterious finale chorus "das Ewig-Weibliche", three penitent women’s solos appeared, in which we can explore the strange deformation of Margaret’s image.

The first appearance is the "sinful woman" (Magna peccatrix). This "sinful woman" can be said to be the most famous repentant female image in Christianity: once a prostitute, she wept bitterly at Jesus’ feet and used her hair to dry Jesus’ feet wet with tears. Although her name is not specified in the Gospels, the Catholic tradition generally equates her with Maria Magdalena. In the history of art, painters like to describe her as a peerless beauty with long hair shawls, with a jade bottle filled with perfume beside her, and her eyes will never stop at the glitz of the world. Georges de la Tour, a French painter, asked her head to turn to the deep place, and the long-haired beauty who was immersed in meditation ignored the jewelry discarded on the table and put her hands together on the skeleton symbolizing "people will die". Tiziano Vecellio made her look up at the sky devoutly, and her long curly hair became the only cover for her naked body.

The last appearance in the mysterious chorus is "Maria Aegyptiaca". According to The Golden Legend (Legenda aurea) records, she worked as a prostitute in Alexandria for seventeen years. One day, she met some sailors who wanted to go to Jerusalem and begged them to take her with her. When she arrived in Jerusalem, she seemed to be blocked by an invisible force and could not cross the threshold of the temple. So she confessed and repented, vowed to renounce the world and finally entered the temple. After walking out of the temple, Mary of Egypt immediately took three loaves of bread into the desert for seclusion. For forty-seven years, her clothes were tattered and she covered herself with long hair. When she was hungry, she used bread that was as hard as stone, but never stopped. In traditional icon paintings and sculptures, long hair and three loaves of bread are the symbols of this "desert hermit".

Georges De La Tour’s Mary Magdalene in Candlelight (about 1625-1650)

At the end of Faust’s tragedy, Mary Magdalene, Mary of Egypt and "Mulier Samaritana" formed a strange "Mary Group", begging for Margaret and asking God to forgive her sins.

Like Margaret, the tragic heroine of Faust, the three penitent saints all committed the so-called adultery and were rejected by their neighbors. They were all lonely marginal people, but their hearts were open, and they did not stubbornly refuse the sacred love or avoid the suffering they deserved. Just like flowing long hair, it can be as gentle as velvet or as tough as sandalwood root. The long hair that falls freely can be an open temptation or a sheltered holiness. Daniel Arasse, a French art critic, also mentioned the contradiction behind the virgin’s excessively thick hair in "We See Nothing". If the beautiful long hair symbolizes the once dirty life, and the painter wants to show their holiness after repentance, why not just let them abandon their long hair and show their true abstinence? Why highlight their hair so exaggeratedly? Because long hair contains the temptation and danger of sensuality, but it also contains the strength of softness and weakness. It is a transition, a transition from a once pure white girl to a polluted Margaret, and a transition from a tragic Margaret in the first part to a bright virgin Margaret in the second part. Margaret, who rejected the earthly "salvation" and chose eternal "redemption" in the first tragedy, finally joined this "Mary group" and begged for Faust’s soul. Make Faust’s soul follow the "eternal woman" to a higher level.

These "eternal women" are different from the men who "clench their fists" represented by Faust (in German, "Faust" means "fist") and never stop trying to climb. Their strength comes from love. In the second part of the tragedy, Faust’s own behavior is becoming more and more noble and pure. However, Goethe believes that it is not enough to have his own efforts, and he has to rely on "help" to obtain the highest happiness, and that help is "eternal love". These three penitent saints, like Gan Tears Qing, all symbolize the process from "broken" to "perfect". They are "perfect" because they accept their own "broken". It is these seemingly negative and weak eternal women who finally guide Prometheus-style strong men to rise.

Anseur Keefer’s Margaret with Your Golden Hair (1980)

Let’s go back to the end of Death Fugue. "Margaret with your golden hair" and "the girl with your ashes-like hair" are obviously the peaks of many parody fugues in this century’s poem (for the interpretation of "musicality" in Death Fugue, please refer to my humble article, see The Art of German Musical Poetry, East China Normal University Press, 2021). The opposition of "German-Jewish women" in Celan’s poems is not completely hostile in essence. Lorelei, the witch, the sweet tears in Faust, and the "eternal woman", these traditional images originated from German folk, German classic literature and Christianity are gathered together by Celan in an unconventional way, which constitutes a unique metaphorical cluster of "Margaret with golden hair". When we finally put this deep cluster together with the "ash-like hair girl of Shulami", we will find that this opposition is extremely sad, but there is no hatred. Brutal killing and romantic melancholy, dangerous temptation and eternal love overlap in "Margaret with golden hair" She embodies the ultimate contradiction of Germany, just as Friedrich Nietzsche called Richard Wagner’s Tristan and isolde (Tristan und Isolde) shows "the same horror and sweetness", just like the title of the poem "Death fugue": Germany produced a cruel massacre and also gave birth to accurate fugue counterpoint.

Beauty is pain, lust is torture, and compassion comes from trauma. Poetry touched Celan’s wound, but it was difficult to heal him. His poems stagnated between the inextricable connection between Germany and Judaism and the irreconcilable pain, and his body finally sank to the bottom of the icy Seine River. But who knows, when he falls in the water, when the moment of his final sleep comes, when the lines of his flesh are full of fear of death, whether his heart has been filled with eternal love, whether his soul has been as white and frank as Faust, and has been led by those "eternal women" who have appeared in his life and poems, and has risen to the starry sky?

This article first appeared in Book City (June, 2022), and was published by The Paper under the authorization of Book City.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network　A father is the first man a daughter meets in her life, and every daughter has a definition of a father in her heart.

　 　 In the movie Diary of the Sea Street, 15-year-old Ling (Suzu Hirose) meets her half-sisters Xing, Jia Nai and Qian Jia, who have never met before, at her father’s funeral, and accepts their sisters’ invitation to live in Xiangtian’s old house in Kamakura.

　 　 The film follows the name of the original comic book diary of the Sea Street, instead of Story of the Sea Street, and connects the theme of "getting my father back" with trivial stories. The comic aesthetic style shows that director Hirokazu Koreeda doesn’t intend to make a profound analysis of society this time, but only wants to discuss the eternal topic of "father" in this film "Father is not present".

Poster of Hai Jie Diary

　 　 The death of my father is the beginning of this story. Fifteen years ago, my father left the three sisters because he fell in love with another woman (Ling’s mother) and lost contact with them. The cherry blossoms in Binhai Road bloom and fade, the plums in front of the old house are green and yellow, relatives and friends come and go, and the father never appears. In the process of the growth of the three sisters, the father’s "lack of companionship" is an important reason for the daughters’ "incomplete emotional life", which has become the "introduction" of this film.

Dajiexing (Ayase Haruka)

　 　 I have witnessed the quarrel between my parents and my mother’s sadness. After my mother left home, it was my eldest sister Xing (Ayase Haruka) who took care of the family. Fortunately, she was tough in appearance and extremely fragile in heart. She assumed the responsibility of parents prematurely and longed for a man to rely on. She fell in love with a married man, probably because the other person is a mature man, but as a de facto third party, traditionally, she had to bear the blame of her conscience and hid all her desires very appropriately, only when her younger sister Ling arrived, she inadvertently revealed them.

Er Jie Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa)

　 　 The second sister, Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa), is simple in nature. In her memory, she often hears her parents quarreling at night and sees her sister comforting her mother. Her dissatisfaction with her father is more influenced by her sister’s luck. It is her childhood memory that makes her want to be free and happy when she grows up, be cheated by her little boyfriend again and again, and drink and go crazy again and again. Her sister’s luck may comfort her but she can’t tell her to avoid repeating the wrong plan.

Sanjie Qianjia (Kaho)

　 　 Among the four sisters, Qianjia (Kaho), the third sister, is the daughter who has the most vague impression of her father. Because of her vagueness, her feelings for her father are just like that of a daughter’s family who worships her father. Because of her worship, she wants to know more about her father, so when Ling holds the childhood photos of the three sisters treasured by her father, she is the most curious chatterbox. She likes to practice fishing alone at home. When she learned that her father also likes fishing, her excitement was beyond words. "It turns out that my father and I are very similar in this respect." Her boyfriend, like a joke, is a store manager with a grotesque appearance. She was attracted to the store manager because this sports man with six toes missing is passionate about conquering Mount Everest and loves sports as much as his father and is full of adventure.

　 　 Although the film did not deliberately explain the age and gap of the three sisters, from the scale of the wooden pillars in the promenade, we can guess that the age gap between them is not great. However, because of my father’s absence, my eldest sister came to middle age early, my second sister played a rebellious youth, and my third sister stayed in her childhood, just like plum wine brewed in different years, with different shades and tastes. The pillars at home are engraved with the height marks of the daughters’ growth. We can guess that it was their father who carved the mark on the wooden pillar, and the last mark stayed at the age of fifteen.

　 　 The death of my father is also an emotional turning point. Lost fifteen emotions, sealed fifteen years of memories, slowly opened with the arrival of half-sister Ling. The sisters invited Ling to live with them, worried about their younger sister’s future life and hypocritical stepmother, and loved her sister’s kind-hearted and tough personality. Moreover, among the four sisters, only Ling had a complete memory of her father, who often made sardine toast for her and took her fishing together, and never missed the key to her growth. At the last moment of her father’s life, Ling accompanied her father through the last life, and Ling’s body was marked by her father. When they accepted Ling, they actually accepted their father in another way. Because of the arrival of Ling, the family began to appear complete. The elder sister was no longer strict, the second sister had more responsibility and the third sister shared more. In their minds, the vague impression of their father began to become concrete. From Ling’s perspective, what unfolds slowly is the scene where my father and daughters lived together many years ago. The accumulated life in the town is strung together, and the diary is not a story. The plum trees planted by my grandmother in the old house, courtyard and faint pickles flow peacefully in the four seasons of Kamakura. Sardines toast is the memory of Ling and her father’s life together. In the dining hall of the sea cat, Ling found that this food was actually the creativity of the sea cat. A piece of food carries the memories of a full family, and the family is the people who eat many meals together.

　 　　

　 　 Under the promenade, Ling He, who was drinking plum wine, made a funny laugh. Ling, who came to the old house, was the father who returned to his daughters in another way to accompany her to find the lost innocence in her life. "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence appeared twice in the film. The first time was when Ling just arrived in Kamakura. Fortunately, she expressed her acceptance and welcome.

　 　 The second time was at the end of the film. Ling, who always felt guilty and thought that she had stolen the happiness of her sisters for fifteen years, opened her heart to her at the top of the mountain. Fortunately, she sincerely said, "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence is not only for Ling, but also for her father’s confession, for her inner reconciliation with her father, and for her inner love for her father.

　 　 Ling told her sisters that her father said at the last moment of her life, "It would be a wonderful thing if she still has the ability to feel beautiful when she leaves this world!" . At the end of the film, standing by the sea, Yuki and Qianjia and Jianai talk about their father. "He may be a failure, but he must be a very gentle person."

　 　 Father never appeared in the film, but he was everywhere. The train passing through the city meets the cherry blossom avenue in the sea at the corner, and four girls wearing kimonos and playing with fireworks. The film seems a little scattered. What is scattered but not chaotic is the feelings of the four sisters for their father, with a touch of warmth in their sadness. Although their feelings for their father are complicated, their love for their father makes them live and move forward bravely.

　 　 The film begins with his father’s funeral, and ends with the funeral of the boss’s second house in the Haimao canteen. In this film, the director fully shows his seriousness to death and kindness to life, understands his father’s abandonment of his wife and children with the greatest tolerance, and does not accuse him too much of throwing his children to his grandmother’s mother, falling in love with his married sister, trying his best to occupy the second house in the Haimao canteen, and even Ling’s mother as a "third party" because Ling.

　 　 The director confessed with the film: "No one’s soul has fragrance, no one is wrong", life is beautiful, sometimes life is not so beautiful, even so, life is still beautiful.

　 　 Life is like a cherry blossom, a bunch of fireworks, short and beautiful. Life needs such loosening.

Text/Zhou Daoxu Director of Financial Security Research Center of Tsinghua University Wudaokou Finance College

Capital market is essentially an information market, and enterprise value is continuously priced in information interaction. When the crisis of public opinion occurs, the sudden change of information environment will trigger the market to re-evaluate the fundamentals of enterprises.

First, the financial transmission mechanism of public opinion shock

The surge in the cost of information verification is the primary transmission channel. When an enterprise is caught in a crisis of public opinion, the market will doubt the authenticity of its information disclosure, and investors need to invest additional resources for due diligence, including consulting financial statements, analyzing industry data, and referring to third-party audit opinions. This extra verification cost will reduce market liquidity and may lead some investors to choose to withdraw from the market because of information asymmetry. At the same time, institutional investors may adjust their investment portfolio to reduce the risk exposure related to the enterprise, thus triggering a further decline in the stock price.

In addition, the intensification of information asymmetry will lead to an increase in the market’s risk premium requirements for enterprises. When faced with information uncertainty, investors often demand higher risk compensation to make up for potential losses. The rise of this risk premium will not only be directly reflected in the decline of the company’s share price, but also affect the financing cost of the company, which will challenge its refinancing ability in the capital market. In extreme cases, enterprises may fall into a liquidity crisis due to the loss of market trust, and even go bankrupt and reorganize.

The dynamic adjustment of credit rating forms the second pressure. In the face of major public opinion crisis, rating agencies usually quickly adjust their credit ratings to reflect the latest market awareness of corporate credit status. However, the adjustment of rating agencies is often characterized by "over-revision", that is, a large downward adjustment in a short period of time to avoid their own reputation risks. This rating adjustment not only affects the debt financing cost of enterprises, but also may trigger a chain reaction in the bond market, leading to sharp fluctuations in bond prices.

The downgrade of credit rating may also trigger the "cross-default" clause in the financial market, that is, some loan or debt agreements of enterprises may stipulate that once the credit rating falls below a certain level, enterprises need to repay debts in advance or provide additional guarantees. This means that enterprises may face sudden cash flow pressure after the public opinion crisis, further aggravating the deterioration of their financial situation. This chain reaction will amplify the market’s concerns about the fundamentals of enterprises, and may even lead enterprises to enter debt restructuring or bankruptcy procedures.

Second, the empirical analysis of typical cases

In April 2020, Luckin Coffee’s self-disclosure of financial fraud caused widespread market panic, which spread to CAR Inc., which belongs to the "Shenzhou Family". Affected by the crisis of investor confidence, CAR Inc.’s share price plummeted by 17.11% on April 8th. The market’s doubts about CAR Inc. focus on the expansion model similar to that of Ruixing, the authenticity of financial data and the joint liability of the major shareholder Lu Zhengyao. At the same time, international rating agencies Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s quickly downgraded CAR Inc.’s credit rating, which further aggravated investors’ panic. This incident shows that in the capital market, the financial transparency and governance structure of enterprises are very important. Once the trust crisis breaks out, it will not only increase the cost of information verification, but also trigger a series of chain reactions such as stock price crash, financing difficulties and credit rating downgrade.

Third, the impact of public opinion risk on different financing channels

1. Bond market

In the bond market, the impact of public opinion risk on credit bonds is particularly significant. For bond investors, the credit status of enterprises is one of the key factors in their decision-making. Negative public opinion events may cause investors to worry about the solvency of enterprises, which in turn will lead to the decline of bond prices and the expansion of credit spreads. For example, after the public opinion of financial fraud or poor management of some enterprises spreads, the credit rating of their bonds may be lowered, which will not only increase the financing cost of enterprises, but also make it more difficult to issue bonds. In addition, public opinion events may also trigger a chain reaction in the bond market, affecting the performance of credit bonds in the whole industry, and even impacting the stability of the bond market.

2. Equity market

In the equity market, public opinion risk will also have a significant impact on the stock price and equity financing cost of enterprises. Investors’ confidence in the enterprise is an important support for the stock price, and negative public opinion may weaken investors’ confidence and lead to a decline in the stock price. At the same time, the cost of equity financing will also rise due to the reassessment of corporate risks by the market. For example, when an enterprise faces public opinion events such as product quality problems or management scandals, investors may demand higher rate of return to compensate for risks, which will directly lead to an increase in the cost of equity financing. In addition, public opinion events may also affect the refinancing ability of enterprises, and may even cause enterprises to lose financing opportunities in the capital market.

3. Bank credit market

Bank credit market is one of the important financing channels for enterprises, and public opinion risk will also have an impact on bank credit. When deciding whether to provide loans to enterprises, banks will comprehensively consider the credit status, operating conditions and market reputation of enterprises. Negative public opinion events may make banks doubt the credit status of enterprises, thus raising the loan interest rate, increasing the collateral requirements or shortening the loan period. For example, when a company has a major negative public opinion, the bank may reassess the loan risk of the company and adopt a more cautious credit policy. This will not only increase the financing cost of enterprises, but also limit the liquidity of enterprises and affect the normal operation of enterprises.

Fourth, the relationship between public opinion risk and corporate governance structure

1. The role of the board of directors

The board of directors of enterprises plays a key role in dealing with the risk of public opinion. An effective board of directors can find and deal with public opinion risks in time and protect the interests and reputation of enterprises. For example, the board of directors can strengthen the supervision of enterprise operation and management by establishing a sound internal supervision mechanism, and discover potential public opinion risk factors in time. In addition, the board of directors can also communicate with investors, the media and the public to convey the positive information of the enterprise and alleviate the impact of the public opinion crisis on the enterprise.

2. Responsibility of management

Management also bears an important responsibility in public opinion risk management. The management needs to report the operating conditions and potential risks of the enterprise to the board of directors in time to ensure that the board of directors can fully understand the public opinion risk of the enterprise. At the same time, the management also needs to formulate and implement effective public opinion management strategies, strengthen the management and control of internal information of enterprises, and prevent the leakage of negative information. In addition, the management also needs to maintain good communication with external stakeholders, respond to market concerns in a timely manner, and maintain the good image of the enterprise. For example, when a public opinion crisis occurs, the management can clarify the truth by releasing accurate information in time, stabilize market expectations, and reduce the impact of public opinion risks on enterprises.

3. The role of internal audit

Internal audit also plays an important role in public opinion risk management. Internal audit can find out the potential risk factors of public opinion through auditing the internal financial and operational activities of the enterprise and report to the management and the board of directors in time. For example, internal audit can audit the authenticity, completeness and accuracy of enterprise financial statements to prevent negative public opinion events such as financial fraud. At the same time, internal audit can also evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control system of enterprises, put forward suggestions for improvement, and enhance the ability of enterprises to resist the risk of public opinion. In addition, internal audit can also participate in the formulation and implementation of enterprise crisis response plans to ensure that enterprises can quickly take effective response measures when public opinion crisis occurs.

V. Interaction between public opinion risk and macroeconomic environment

1. The impact of the economic cycle

The economic cycle has an important influence on the formation and spread of public opinion risk. In the period of economic prosperity, enterprises are in good operating condition, market confidence is high, and the risk of public opinion is relatively low. However, during the economic recession, enterprises are faced with great operating pressure and are prone to various problems, such as financial difficulties and layoffs, which may lead to negative public opinion. At the same time, during the economic recession, some enterprises suffered losses or closed down due to poor management. These negative events caused public concern about the operating conditions of enterprises in the same industry through media reports and network communication, which further aggravated the public opinion risk of the remaining enterprises in the industry. In addition, the change of economic cycle will also affect investors’ risk preference and market confidence, and then affect the impact of public opinion risk on corporate financing costs.

2. The impact of the policy environment

The policy environment also has an important impact on the risk of public opinion. The government’s policy adjustment and regulatory measures may lead to the public opinion risk of enterprises. For example, the strengthening of the government’s environmental protection policy for enterprises may make some highly polluting enterprises face greater operational pressure, which may lead to negative public opinion.

3. The influence of market confidence

Market confidence plays a key role in the interaction between public opinion risk and macroeconomic environment. When the market confidence is insufficient, negative public opinion events may be amplified, which will have a greater impact on the financing cost and market performance of enterprises. For example, in the period of economic instability or market volatility, investors’ confidence in enterprises is relatively fragile, and any negative public opinion may lead to panic selling or financing difficulties. On the contrary, in the case of sufficient market confidence, even if there are some negative public opinions, investors may treat them more rationally and will not easily overreact to enterprises. Therefore, enterprises need to pay close attention to the changes of market confidence and adopt corresponding strategies in public opinion management to reduce the impact of public opinion risk on enterprises.

Sixth, the industry differences of public opinion risk

1. Public opinion sensitivity of different industries

There are significant differences in the sensitivity of different industries to public opinion risk. Some industries are more sensitive to the risk of public opinion because of their business nature and high social concern. For example, in the financial industry, food industry and medical industry, once negative public opinion appears in enterprises in these industries, it may quickly arouse public concern and doubt, which will have a significant impact on the financing cost and market performance of enterprises. Taking the financial industry as an example, the credibility of banks and financial institutions is the key to their survival and development. Any public opinion about financial fraud, poor risk management or poor management may trigger market panic, leading to a sharp drop in stock prices and a sharp rise in financing costs.

2. Transmission mechanism of industry public opinion risk

The risk transmission mechanism of public opinion in different industries is also different. In some industries that are highly dependent on market confidence and public image, such as tourism, hotels and aviation, negative public opinion may directly affect the income and cash flow of enterprises through changes in consumer behavior. For example, when there are security problems or negative public opinions in tourist destinations, consumers may choose other destinations, which will lead to a sharp drop in the income of local tourism enterprises, thus affecting their financing ability and financing cost. In some technology-intensive industries, such as science and technology and Internet industry, public opinion risk may be transmitted by affecting the technological innovation ability and market competitiveness of enterprises. For example, when technology leakage or public opinion of product quality problems occur in technology enterprises, it may lead to their disadvantage in market competition, and then affect their financing environment and financing cost.

VII. Future development trend of public opinion risk

1. The challenge of public opinion risk in the digital age

With the rapid development of digital technology, the spread speed and influence of public opinion risk will be further enhanced. The popularity of social media, network platform and mobile Internet makes information spread more rapidly and widely, and public opinion events can trigger global attention and discussion in a short time. For example, some companies’ inappropriate comments or behaviors posted on social media may quickly trigger public doubts and criticisms, which in turn will affect the financing costs and market performance of enterprises. Therefore, in the digital age, enterprises need to pay more attention to public opinion management, establish a sound public opinion monitoring and early warning mechanism, and timely discover and deal with public opinion risks.

2. The combination of artificial intelligence and public opinion management

The development of artificial intelligence technology provides new means and methods for public opinion management. Through artificial intelligence technology, enterprises can realize real-time monitoring and analysis of massive public opinion data and quickly identify potential public opinion risks. For example, using natural language processing technology, enterprises can analyze the emotion and identify the theme of text data on social media, and find the signs of negative public opinion in time. At the same time, artificial intelligence technology can also help enterprises formulate more accurate public opinion coping strategies, analyze and predict historical public opinion events through machine learning algorithms, and provide decision support for enterprises. For example, some enterprises have developed a public opinion early warning model by using artificial intelligence technology, which can predict the occurrence probability and influence degree of public opinion risk in advance, provide early warning information for enterprises, and help enterprises prepare in advance.

3. Long-term management of public opinion risk

The management of public opinion risk needs to pay attention not only to short-term crisis response, but also to long-term reputation building and risk prevention. Enterprises need to establish a good brand image and social image through continuous reputation management, and enhance public trust and recognition of enterprises. For example, enterprises can enhance their social reputation and public image by actively fulfilling their social responsibilities and strengthening communication and cooperation with stakeholders. At the same time, enterprises need to establish a sound risk management system, incorporate public opinion risk into the overall risk management framework of enterprises, and reduce the impact of public opinion risk on enterprises through institutionalized, standardized and normalized management measures. For example, enterprises can conduct public opinion risk assessment regularly, formulate public opinion management strategies and plans, and establish public opinion response teams and working mechanisms to ensure that they can respond quickly and effectively when public opinion crises occur.

In a word, public opinion risk has become one of the important factors affecting the financing cost of enterprises. Through in-depth analysis of the pricing mechanism, transmission mechanism and management strategy of public opinion risk, enterprises can better cope with public opinion crisis, reduce financing costs and enhance their market competitiveness. In the digital age, the spread speed and influence of public opinion risk will be further enhanced. Enterprises need to pay more attention to public opinion management, establish a sound public opinion early warning and response mechanism, and use new technical means such as artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public opinion management. At the same time, enterprises need to pay attention to long-term reputation building and risk prevention, and enhance their anti-risk ability and market competitiveness through continuous efforts. Future research needs to further quantify the elasticity coefficient of public opinion risk in different industries, provide more scientific theoretical support for accurate risk management of enterprises, and promote the scientific, standardized and professional development of public opinion management of enterprises.

This article is published by Tsinghua University Institute of Financial Science and Technology, a columnist of Weiyang.com, and the content belongs to the author’s personal opinion, not the website’s. It is forbidden to reprint it without permission, and offenders will be prosecuted!

　　　　 On August 28th, Beijing time, according to foreign media reports, Conor McGregor, a mixed martial arts athlete, joined the action thriller "Veyron kill array" and made his debut, playing an original role other than himself.

　　The film, starring Jake Gyllenhaal, directed by doug liman and produced by Amazon, will be streamed online. Ji Runhall plays a former UFC fighter who works as a bodyguard in a disorganized hotel in the Florida keys, but soon discovers that everything is not what it seems in this tropical paradise.

　　Billy magnussen, Daniela Melchior, Jimsola Akumello, Lucas Gage, Anthony Bagarozzi (The Tear-Resistant Detective) and Chuck Mundre are also the screenwriters, and filming will begin in the Dominican Republic later this month.

　　In 1989, the original film was directed by Rowdy Herrington and starred by Patrick Swayze, kelly lynch, sam elliott and Ben Gazzara. Dalton, an outstanding and popular bodyguard, moved to a small town in Missouri to help clean up a disorderly bar, exposing the corrupt behavior of local bully businessmen in the process.

　　(Meng Qing)

It’ s too embarrassing … Although I knew in advance that BYD was going to engage in intelligent driving of the whole car, I really didn’ t expect that it was close to the standard of the whole department. (PS: products under 100,000, this is the second time to start carrying)

Eye of the God 100-Blue Tail Mark-High Speed Pilot

Eye of God 300-Red Tail-City without Map

See for yourself the specific car payment. Careful students have already seen it. Not this time, it should not be, and it is not a succession relationship with up. Students with insider can comment on it, and then I will ask BYD’s classmates and give you an answer.