On June 9, 2023, the State Administration of Market Supervision (State Anti-monopoly Bureau) issued the Annual Report on Anti-monopoly Enforcement in China (2022) (hereinafter referred to as the Report). The data shows that in 2022, China closed 187 monopoly cases in accordance with the law, with a fine of 784 million yuan, and concluded 794 cases of concentrated operators, of which 5 cases were approved with additional restrictive conditions.

　　Since 2019, the State Administration of Markets has compiled and published the Annual Report on Anti-monopoly Enforcement in China for four consecutive years.

　　According to the Report, on June 24, 2022, the 35th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed a decision on amending the anti-monopoly law, completing the first systematic revision of the law in the past 15 years.

　　The "Report" pointed out that China’s Internet platform anti-monopoly normalization supervision and law enforcement situation has basically taken shape. In May, 2022, the State Administration of Market Supervision filed an investigation into the alleged abuse of market dominance by HowNet, and imposed a fine of 5% of the previous year’s sales on illegal acts such as unfair high prices and restricted transactions by HowNet, totaling 87.6 million yuan, requiring HowNet to make comprehensive rectification around lifting exclusive cooperation, reducing users’ burden and strengthening internal compliance management, so as to promote the standardized, healthy and innovative development of the industry.

　　At the same time, the State Administration of Market Supervision has given full play to the guiding and warning role of the monopoly case of HowNet, strengthened the administrative guidance for the operators of academic resource platforms such as HowNet, Wanfang, Weipu and Superstar, and guided the upstream and downstream operators to consciously safeguard the good ecology and comprehensively standardize the competition order in the industry. Industry operators are required to operate in compliance with the law and shall not engage in exclusive cooperation.

　　According to the Report, in 2022, anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies investigated and handled one case of abuse of market dominance in the Internet industry and six cases of abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition; 24 cases of concentration of operators in the field of Internet platforms were concluded, and 27 cases of illegal implementation of concentration of operators in the field of Internet platforms were publicly punished. The amount of fines and confiscations in the above cases totaled 104.1 million yuan.

　　The abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition in bike-sharing and other fields has become increasingly prominent. According to the Report, cases involving abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition in the Internet industry are mainly concentrated in bike-sharing. In order to standardize the operation and management of bike-sharing, some local industry authorities abuse their administrative power to improperly restrict a single or a few bike-sharing-operated enterprises from entering the local market, prevent other qualified enterprises from entering the market, and exclude and restrict market competition. From the implementation of the main body, mainly for the city, county (district) level urban management departments, transportation departments, comprehensive administrative law enforcement departments.

　　In the field of online games, the Report believes that there is a risk that some operators will reach a vertical monopoly agreement or realize a hub-and-spoke agreement with the help of vertical relations in the online game market. In terms of concentration of operators, the horizontal integration in the game R&D and live broadcast markets is more likely to have the consequences of eliminating and restricting competition. For example, the merger of Huya and Betta will further strengthen Tencent’s dominant position in the live broadcast market, enabling Tencent to implement closed-loop management and two-way vertical blockade in the upstream and downstream markets, which has or may have the effect of eliminating and restricting competition, which is not conducive to fair competition in the market, may impair the interests of consumers, and is not conducive to the standardized, healthy and sustainable development of online games and live broadcast markets.

　　In view of the online video industry, the Report said that the high-risk competitive behavior in this industry is mainly reflected in two aspects: suspected monopoly agreement and abuse of market dominance. At present, the growth of user scale in online video industry is slowing down, and the user penetration of video platforms is close to saturation. Among them, the users of long video platforms have a negative growth trend, and their operations are under great pressure. In 2021, the market share of short video platform surpassed that of long video platform for the first time, and it became one of the fastest growing segments of Internet platform in China. However, the growth rate of users of short video platform also declined, and the risk of copyright infringement increased.

　　"At present, the competition order in the field of Internet platforms continues to improve. Internet platforms generally strengthen anti-monopoly compliance training, actively regulate their own business practices, and continuously improve the level of compliance management. At the same time, with the continuous progress of digital technology and the innovative development of business models, the problem of monopoly risk in the field of Internet platforms has also presented new features. The concealment and complexity of monopoly behavior are getting stronger and stronger, and the problem of infringing on the interests of operators and consumers in the platform still exists. It is necessary to further strengthen supervision and law enforcement. " The "Report" said.

　　Focusing on the people’s "urgent difficulties and worries", the national anti-monopoly law enforcement has continued to strengthen supervision and law enforcement in the fields of medicine, public utilities and building materials, investigated and dealt with major typical cases such as Shaanxi cement monopoly case, Zhejiang civil explosion monopoly case and Beijing Stroman monopoly case, examined and approved five cases of Chaowei’s acquisition of Xilinx, a new joint venture between Shanghai Airport and China Eastern Airlines Logistics, and strengthened cases with additional restrictions such as Ukrainian potassium merger and Xie Potassium acquisition and NVIDIA’s acquisition of Milos.

　　Specifically, in 2022, China’s anti-monopoly law enforcement filed 18 new cases to investigate monopoly agreements, and 16 cases were settled, with a total amount of fines and confiscations of 569 million yuan. From the perspective of industry distribution, it was mainly concentrated in industries such as medicine, education and training, building materials and motor vehicle testing. A total of 13 cases of abuse of market dominance were investigated and dealt with nationwide, and the amount of fines was 166 million yuan. From the perspective of industry distribution, there were 9 cases in public areas such as water supply and gas supply, and 1 case in Internet platform, wholesale and retail, logistics, ports and other fields. From the perspective of illegal subjects, administrative penalties were imposed on 14 enterprises, including 10 state-owned enterprises and 4 private enterprises.

　　According to the Report, people’s livelihood accounts for more than 73% of cases of abusing administrative power to exclude and restrict competition, among which urban management, medical and health care, engineering construction, education and people’s livelihood account for about 19%, 16%, 16%, 15% and 7% respectively.

　　Cases in the field of urban management mainly involve bike-sharing, construction waste removal, liquefied petroleum gas distribution and other industries. Specific actions include limiting the operation of enterprises in bike-sharing, setting an unreasonable list of garbage transport enterprises, and designating liquefied petroleum gas distribution enterprises. Cases in the field of medical and health care mainly involve medical procurement, medical material distribution, medical insurance, health examination and other industries, and the most typical one is to restrict or restrict transactions in disguise. Cases in the field of engineering and construction mainly involve construction, engineering supervision, housing safety appraisal and other industries, with the most typical behavior of restricting transactions and excluding and restricting foreign enterprises from participating in bidding. Cases in the field of education mainly involve campus security services, students’ clothing, training institutions and other industries. Specific actions include designating security service companies, designating students’ clothing suppliers, and designating centralized training institutions.

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

Charging infrastructure refers to all kinds of charging and replacing facilities for electric vehicles, which is a new type of urban infrastructure. Vigorously promoting the construction of charging infrastructure is conducive to solving the charging problem of electric vehicles, is an important guarantee for the development of new energy automobile industry, and is of great significance for creating mass entrepreneurship, innovation and increasing the "double engines" of public products and services, achieving steady growth, restructuring and benefiting people’s livelihood. In recent years, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making and deployment of the State Council and actively promoted the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and all the work has made positive progress. However, there are still problems such as inconsistent understanding, imperfect supporting policies, difficult coordination and promotion, and imperfect standards and norms. In order to speed up the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, with the consent of the State Council, we hereby put forward the following opinions:
　　I. General requirements
　　(1) Guiding ideology. Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Plenary Sessions of the 18th National Congress, adhere to the pure electric drive as the main strategic orientation for the development of new energy vehicles in accordance with the State Council’s decision-making arrangements, put the construction of charging infrastructure in a more important position, strengthen overall planning, unify standards and norms, improve supporting policies, innovate development models, foster a good market service and application environment, form a rational, scientific and efficient charging infrastructure system, increase effective investment in public products, and improve the level of public services.
　　(2) Basic principles.
　　Overall planning and scientific layout. Strengthen the top-level design of charging infrastructure development, do a good job in the overall planning of charging infrastructure construction according to the requirements of "adjusting measures to local conditions, helping each other quickly and economically", increase the integration of public resources, scientifically determine the construction scale and spatial layout, and simultaneously build a charging intelligent service platform to form a relatively complete charging infrastructure system.
　　Moderately ahead, orderly construction. Focusing on the future development of electric vehicles, combined with the charging needs of different fields and levels, in accordance with the requirements of "piles and stations first" and according to the scale and layout determined by the plan, the construction will be promoted in an orderly and classified manner to ensure that the construction scale is moderately advanced.
　　Unified standards, universal openness. Accelerate the formulation and revision of key technical standards for charging and replacing electricity, and improve the standards for engineering construction, operation service and maintenance management. In strict accordance with the engineering construction standards, we will build and transform the charging infrastructure, improve the product certification and access management system for electric vehicles and charging equipment, promote the interconnection of different charging service platforms, and improve the universality and openness of facilities.
　　Relying on the market and innovating the mechanism. Give full play to the leading role of the market, and guide social capital to participate in the construction and operation of the charging infrastructure system by promoting the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model, increasing financial support, and establishing a reasonable price mechanism. Encourage enterprises to combine "internet plus", innovate business cooperation and service mode, create more economic and social benefits and realize sustainable development.
　　(3) Work objectives. By 2020, a moderately advanced, intelligent and efficient charging infrastructure system will be basically built to meet the charging needs of more than 5 million electric vehicles; Establish a relatively perfect standard and market supervision system to form a unified, open and competitive charging service market; Form a sustainable industrial ecosystem of "internet plus Charging Infrastructure", make breakthroughs in science and technology and commercial innovation, and cultivate a number of internationally competitive charging service enterprises.
　　Second, increase the intensity of construction
　　(four) to strengthen the special planning and design and guidance. All localities should incorporate the relevant contents of special planning for charging infrastructure into urban and rural planning, improve the layout of independent charging infrastructure, and clarify the construction ratio of charging facilities in parking lots and social public parking lots of various buildings or the requirements for reserved construction and installation conditions. The electric vehicle charging infrastructure system should be formed with the special charging facilities such as parking spaces in users’ residences, unit parking lots, bus and taxi stations as the main body, public charging facilities such as public building parking lots, social public parking lots and temporary parking spaces as the auxiliary, and urban fast charging stations, power exchange stations and intercity fast charging stations with independent land occupation as the supplement. In principle, 100% of newly-built residential parking spaces should be equipped with charging facilities or reserved construction and installation conditions, and the proportion of parking spaces equipped with parking facilities or reserved construction and installation conditions for large public buildings and social public parking lots should be no less than 10%, and at least one public charging station should be built for every 2,000 electric vehicles. Encourage the construction of mechanical and three-dimensional parking and charging integrated facilities with less land occupation, low cost and quick effect.
　　(five) the construction of charging facilities in the user’s residence. Encourage enterprises such as charging services and property services to participate in the construction, operation and management of charging facilities in residential areas, carry out the renovation of parking spaces in a unified way, directly handle the procedures for charging electricity, and appropriately charge users on the premise of complying with relevant laws and regulations. For users with fixed parking spaces, priority is given to the construction of charging facilities in parking spaces; For users without fixed parking spaces, it is encouraged to build public charging parking spaces in residential areas and establish a time-sharing mechanism for charging parking spaces to create conditions for users to charge.
　　(six) the construction unit internal charging facilities. Conditional government agencies, public institutions, enterprises and institutions should make use of internal parking resources to plan and build special parking spaces and charging facilities for electric vehicles in combination with the unit’s electric vehicle equipment update plan and the employees’ demand for purchasing and using electric vehicles. All localities can include the construction of charging facilities by relevant units in the scope of assessment and reward for energy conservation and emission reduction.
　　(seven) the construction of public service charging facilities. For electric vehicles in public service areas such as public transportation, sanitation, airport commuting, etc., according to the line operation requirements, priority should be given to the construction of charging facilities in parking lots, and independent fast charging stations and power exchange stations should be reasonably built along the way. For electric vehicles in the public service field, such as rental, logistics, leasing and public security patrol, we should fully tap the potential of charging facilities in the internal parking lot of the unit and combine them with urban public charging facilities to achieve high efficiency and complementarity.
　　(eight) the construction of urban public charging facilities. The construction of public charging facilities should be gradually promoted from the center of the city to the edge, from the priority development area of the city to the general area. Give priority to the construction of parking lots in large shopping malls, supermarkets, cultural and sports venues and other buildings, as well as public charging facilities in public parking lots such as transportation hubs and park-and-ride (P+R). Encourage the construction of public fast charging facilities at qualified gas stations, and appropriately build independent public fast charging stations. Encourage qualified units and individuals to open their charging facilities to the public.
　　(nine) the construction of intercity fast charging network. Make full use of parking spaces in expressway service area to build intercity fast charging station. Priority will be given to the construction of intercity fast charging networks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and the construction of intercity fast charging networks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Central Plains, Chengdu-Chongqing and Harbin-Changchun urban agglomerations will be promoted in a timely manner. By 2020, an intercity fast charging network covering most major cities will be initially formed to meet the inter-city and inter-provincial travel needs of electric vehicles.
　　Third, improve the service system
　　(10) Improve the standards and specifications of charging facilities. Accelerate the revision of standards such as charging interfaces and communication protocols, actively promote the revision of standards such as interoperability testing of charging interfaces and data exchange between charging service platforms, and realize the unification of charging standards. Carry out research on safety technical measures such as fire protection in places where charging facilities are set up, and timely revise relevant standards. Improve product standards such as charging and replacing equipment and electric vehicle batteries, and clarify fire safety requirements. Formulate new charging technology standards such as wireless charging. Improve the management norms of charging infrastructure such as metering, billing and settlement, and accelerate the establishment of road traffic sign system for charging infrastructure.
　　(eleven) the construction of intelligent charging service platform. Vigorously promote the "internet plus charging infrastructure", improve the intelligent level of charging services, improve operational efficiency and user experience, and promote the two-way interaction of energy and information between electric vehicles and smart grids. Encourage users to use technologies such as mobile Internet, Internet of Things and big data to provide users with services such as charging navigation, status inquiry, charging reservation and fee settlement, and expand value-added services of the platform.
　　(12) Establish an interconnection promotion mechanism. Establish a national electric vehicle charging infrastructure promotion alliance, cooperate with relevant government departments to strictly manage the product access of charging facilities, and carry out the interoperability testing and certification of charging facilities. Build a charging infrastructure information service platform, unify the information exchange protocol, effectively integrate the information resources of charging service platforms of different enterprises and cities, promote the interconnection of different charging service platforms, and provide support for formulating and implementing fiscal, taxation, supervision and other policies.
　　(thirteen) do a good job in supporting power grid access services. All localities should incorporate the charging infrastructure supporting power grid construction and transformation projects into the special planning of distribution network, and give support in terms of land security and corridor traffic. Power grid enterprises should strengthen the construction and transformation of charging infrastructure supporting power grid to ensure that power supply meets the operating needs of charging and replacing facilities; It is necessary to provide convenient conditions for charging infrastructure to access the power grid, open up a green channel, and complete it within a time limit. Power grid enterprises are responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of the supporting network connection project from the charging infrastructure property right demarcation point to the power grid, and shall not charge the network connection fee, and the corresponding assets shall be fully included in the effective assets, and the cost shall be truthfully included in the permitted cost, and shall be recovered according to the transmission and distribution price of the power grid.
　　(fourteen) innovative charging service business model. Encourage the exploration of the development mode of combining large-scale charging and replacing power stations with commercial real estate, and guide shopping malls, supermarkets, cinemas, convenience stores and other commercial places to provide users with auxiliary charging services. Encourage charging service enterprises to innovate and build a charging infrastructure business cooperation model through cooperation with vehicle companies and crowdfunding, and provide value-added services such as intelligent charging and discharging, e-commerce and advertising by combining online and offline, so as to enhance the sustainable development ability of charging service enterprises.
　　Fourth, strengthen support and guarantee
　　(fifteen) simplify the examination and approval of planning and construction. All localities should reduce the examination and approval links of charging infrastructure planning and construction and speed up the processing in accordance with the requirements of decentralization, combination of decentralization and management and optimization of services. Individuals who install charging facilities in their own garages and parking spaces and in existing parking spaces in various residential areas and units do not need to apply for construction land planning permits, construction project planning permits and construction permits. When building urban public parking lots, it is not necessary to separately handle the construction project planning permit and construction permit for the simultaneous construction of charging infrastructure such as charging piles. The newly-built centralized charging and replacing power station with independent land occupation should conform to the urban planning, and handle the construction land planning permit, construction project planning permit and construction permit.
　　(sixteen) improve the fiscal price policy. Increase subsidies for charging infrastructure, speed up the formulation of financial incentives for charging infrastructure construction during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, and urge all localities to formulate relevant support policies as soon as possible and announce them to the public, giving policy expectations for market stability. In the early stage of industrial development, we will give appropriate support through the central infrastructure investment funds. For the electricity consumption of operating centralized charging and replacing facilities that directly report to power grid operating enterprises, the price of large-scale industrial electricity consumption will be implemented, and the basic electricity fee will be temporarily exempted before 2020; Other charging facilities shall implement classified catalogue electricity prices according to their locations. Allow charging service enterprises to charge users electricity and service fees, charge different types of infrastructure, guide all localities to take into account the reasonable income of investment and operation entities and the economy of users’ use, and introduce classified guiding prices of charging service fees as soon as possible, and gradually standardize the charging service price mechanism on the basis of summing up local experience.
　　(17) Broaden diversified financing channels. All localities should effectively integrate various public resources such as public transportation, taxi stations and social public parking lots, and create conditions for social capital to participate in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure through PPP and other means. Encourage financial institutions to innovate financial products and insurance products under the principle of commercial sustainability, and comprehensively apply policies such as risk compensation to improve the financial service system. Promote pledge financing methods such as equity, project income rights and franchise rights, accelerate the establishment of a multi-level guarantee system including financial investment and social capital investment, actively promote the establishment of financing guarantee funds, and broaden the financing channels for charging infrastructure investment and operation enterprises and equipment manufacturers. Encourage the use of social capital to set up a special fund for the development of charging infrastructure, issue corporate bonds for charging infrastructure, and explore the use of basic endowment insurance funds to invest in supporting the construction of charging infrastructure.
　　(eighteen) increase land support. All localities should incorporate the land for centralized charging and replacing power stations that occupy an independent area into the scope of land for business outlets of public facilities, and give priority to land supply according to the land supply mode of gas filling stations and the availability of state-owned construction land. If the supply of land for new projects requires the construction of charging infrastructure, the construction requirements can be included in the land supply conditions, allowing the land use right holder to cooperate with other market entities to invest in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure as required. Encourage the construction of charging infrastructure in existing buildings with parking lots, bus stops, social public parking lots, highway service areas and other places, and local governments should coordinate relevant units to give support in land use.
　　(nineteen) increase the coordination of the owners’ committee. Formulate a national unified demonstration text for the construction and management of charging infrastructure in private users’ residences. Local real estate administrative departments, neighborhood offices and neighborhood committees should take the initiative to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the owners’ committee in accordance with the model text, and guide the owners to support the construction of charging infrastructure. The owners’ congress and the owners’ committee shall, based on the model text and combined with their own reality, clarify the process of construction and management of charging infrastructure in the property service area.
　　(twenty) support the research and development of key technologies. Relying on demonstration projects, we will actively explore technical solutions for the integrated development of charging infrastructure with smart grid, distributed renewable energy and intelligent transportation, and strengthen the research and development of key technologies such as testing and certification, safety protection, two-way interaction with power grid, battery cascade utilization, unattended self-service and coordinated control of piles. Give full play to the main role of enterprise innovation, and accelerate the research and development of new charging and replacing technologies and equipment with high power density, high conversion efficiency, high applicability, wireless charging and mobile charging.
　　(twenty-one) clear safety management requirements. All localities should establish a safety management system for charging infrastructure, improve relevant systems and standards, and increase the investigation and punishment of users’ private wiring, illegal electricity use, and irregular construction. According to the law and regulations, the fire design audit, fire inspection and acceptance, and spot check for the record shall be carried out for the charging infrastructure, and the fire supervision and inspection shall be strengthened. The competent department of industry should urge the units or individuals that use the charging infrastructure to strengthen the daily fire safety inspection and management of the charging infrastructure and its setting places, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.
　　Fifth, do a good job in organizing implementation
　　(twenty-two) the implementation of local responsibility. All localities should earnestly assume the main responsibility of promoting the development of charging infrastructure as a whole, and regard the construction and management of charging infrastructure as a special task of the government. Establish a collaborative promotion mechanism led by the development and reform (energy) department and closely coordinated by relevant departments, clarify the division of responsibilities and improve supporting policies. Before the end of March 2016, the special plan for charging infrastructure will be released, and the management measures for the construction and operation of charging infrastructure will be formulated and implemented.
　　(twenty-three) to increase the demonstration and promotion. All localities should combine the needs of the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, and carry out pilot demonstrations on the construction and operation mode of charging infrastructure in view of the key points and difficulties in the development of charging infrastructure. Establish a three-level demonstration project system of "demonstration communities and units", "demonstration cities and counties" and "intercity fast charging demonstration area". In the demonstration project, we should give full play to the role of existing public facilities, strengthen the cooperation between government and enterprises, innovate the construction and operation mode of urban charging infrastructure, improve relevant standards and regulations and supporting policies, explore various advanced and applicable charging technologies, sum up the development experience of charging infrastructure that can be replicated and popularized, and promote the popularization of charging infrastructure.
　　(twenty-four) to create a good public opinion environment. All relevant departments, enterprises and news media should strengthen publicity on the development policies, planning layout and construction trends of charging infrastructure through various forms, so that all sectors of society can fully understand the charging infrastructure, attract more social capital to participate in the construction and operation of charging infrastructure, and at the same time strengthen public opinion supervision, expose behaviors that hinder the construction of charging infrastructure and harm consumers’ rights and interests, and form a public opinion atmosphere conducive to the development of charging infrastructure.
　　(twenty-five) to form a joint force to promote. The Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau shall, jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant departments, rely on the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industries, strengthen departmental coordination, strengthen guidance and supervision over various localities, sum up and promote successful experiences and effective practices in a timely manner, and report major situations to the State Council in a timely manner. The Energy Bureau should speed up the improvement of charging service supervision from the aspects of strict standard implementation, rationalizing price mechanism, strengthening power supply supervision, promoting interconnection and introducing social capital. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Public Security should create favorable conditions for the construction and operation of charging infrastructure from the aspects of planning and construction standards, land for facilities, fire safety and traffic signs. The Ministry of Finance, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission should enhance the confidence of social capital by increasing financial support and strengthening financial services and guarantees. The State Administration of Taxation and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission should guide government agencies, public institutions and state-owned enterprises and institutions to take the lead in building charging infrastructure in internal parking lots. Other relevant departments should do a good job of coordination according to their respective responsibilities.

the General Office of the State Council
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　September 29, 2015

　　(This piece is publicly released)

2021年12月8日至10日，中央经济工作会议在北京举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖出席会议并发表重要讲话。

The article emphasizes that in the new stage of development, the internal and external environment of China’s development has undergone profound changes, and many new major problems need to be correctly understood and grasped.

CCTV’s "Network Broadcast+"specially sorts out several major issues mentioned in the general secretary’s article and learns with you.

● It is necessary to improve the employment driving force of economic growth and constantly promote the expansion and quality improvement of employment.

● It is necessary to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and give play to their role as owners’ channels.

● We should learn from the lessons of some western countries’ economy "deviating from reality to emptiness", continuously expand the real economy and create more high-quality jobs.

● It is necessary to increase investment in human capital, improve the quality of education, strengthen vocational education and skills training, improve the quality of workers, better meet the needs of high-quality development, and effectively prevent the risk of large-scale unemployment.

We should give play to the function and role of distribution.

● It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and build basic institutional arrangements for the coordination of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution.

● It is necessary to adhere to distribution according to work as the main body, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and improve the policy of distribution according to factors.

● It is necessary to play the regulatory role of redistribution, increase the adjustment of taxation, social security and transfer payments, and improve accuracy.

● It is necessary to give full play to the role of the third distribution, and guide and support enterprises and social groups that are willing and capable to actively participate in charitable causes, but they cannot engage in moral kidnapping "forced donation".

It is necessary to improve the system of public service policies and systems.

● We must persist in doing our best and do what we can, focusing on improving the level of public services, accurately providing basic public services in areas that the people are most concerned about, such as education, medical care, old-age care, housing, etc., and covering the basic life bottom line of people in need, without raising their appetite or making empty promises.

In practical work, the General Secretary particularly emphasized the following points:

● Set up "traffic lights" for capital.

● We should prevent some capital from growing wildly.

● Anti-monopoly, anti-profiteering, anti-sky-high price, anti-malicious speculation and anti-unfair competition are required.

● It is necessary to strengthen effective supervision of capital according to law.

● Support and guide the healthy development of capital norms.

● We must uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, and promote the healthy development of the non-public sector of the economy and the healthy growth of non-public sector of the economy.

● It is necessary to implement a comprehensive saving strategy and promote saving actions in various fields.

It is necessary to enhance the production guarantee capacity of domestic resources.

● It is necessary to intensify exploration, implement a new round of strategic action of prospecting breakthrough, and improve the level of development and protection of marine resources and mineral resources.

● It is necessary to define the strategic bottom line of self-sufficiency in domestic production of important energy resources, give full play to the role of state-owned enterprises in supporting the bottom, and accelerate the development and application of advanced mining technologies for oil and gas resources.

● It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the national strategic material reserve system and play a regulatory role in ensuring the bottom line at critical moments.

● It is necessary to promote garbage sorting and recycling, expand the use of domestic solid waste, and accelerate the construction of a waste recycling system.

2022年4月10日至13日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在海南考察。这是10日下午，最高领袖在位于三亚市崖州湾科技城的崖州湾种子实验室考察。

It is necessary to optimize the overseas resource support capability.

● We should make full use of the international and domestic markets and resources in a win-win way, strengthen energy resources cooperation with relevant countries on the premise of effectively preventing foreign investment risks, and expand the rights and interests of overseas high-quality resources.

It is necessary to put improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity in a more prominent position

● Continue to promote the construction of high-standard farmland, carry out the seed industry revitalization action in depth, improve the level of agricultural machinery and equipment, ensure the reasonable income of grain farmers, ensure the absolute safety of rations, basically self-sufficiency of grains, and improve the production capacity and self-sufficiency rate of oil and soybeans.

● It is necessary to comply with laws and regulations, strengthen the construction of financial rule of law, and explore the establishment of a regular law revision system.

● It is necessary to compact the responsibility, "whoever holds the child", compact the local party and government with the same responsibility, and be responsible for maintaining stability and resolving risks in the territory; Consolidate the responsibilities of financial supervision, industry supervisors, discipline inspection and supervision departments, and promote risk resolution according to their respective responsibilities; Compacting the main responsibility of self-help of enterprises and formulating feasible risk resolution schemes.

● It is necessary to strengthen capacity building, improve the level of supervision science and technology, fill the shortcomings of supervision, and strengthen the construction of financial supervision cadres.

● It is necessary to have sufficient resources, promptly set up a financial stability guarantee fund, give play to the role of deposit insurance system and industry guarantee fund in risk disposal, and study and formulate support policies to promote mergers and acquisitions of financial institutions and resolve non-performing assets.

● Local authorities should take the initiative to revitalize existing assets and resolve risks.

● Corporate shareholders should bear the risk loss first until the capital stock is cleared.

● All parties should cooperate extensively, and the financial industry should establish an integrated risk disposal mechanism, fully authorize and coordinate, so as to improve the cross-market and cross-industry co-ordination ability.

● All localities should earnestly shoulder their responsibilities, strengthen supervision, keep the bottom line of no systemic risks, and maintain the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

2021年9月13日至14日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在陕西省榆林市考察。这是13日上午，最高领袖在国家能源集团榆林化工有限公司年产40万吨乙二醇项目现场考察。

● Based on the national conditions, coal is our basic national conditions, and the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions must be based on this reality. While grasping the clean and efficient utilization of coal, we should speed up the flexible transformation of coal-fired generating units, develop renewable energy, promote the optimal combination of coal and new energy, and increase the capacity of new energy consumption.

● We should pay close attention to tackling key problems of green and low-carbon technologies and accelerate the popularization and application of advanced technologies.

●要科学考核，完善能耗“双控”制度，创造条件尽早实现能耗“双控”向碳排放总量和强度“双控”转变，加快形成减污降碳的激励约束机制。

●各地区各有关部门要统筹做好“双控”、“双碳”工作，防止简单层层分解。

●要确保能源供应，实现多目标平衡，多渠道增加能源供应，大企业特别是国有企业要带头保供稳价，决不允许再次发生大面积“拉闸限电”这类重大事件。

●要深入推动能源革命，促进能源消费、供给、技术、体制改革，加强国际合作，加快建设能源强国。

（中央广播电视总台央视网）

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 5th　

Work together to promote modernization and build a community of destiny.

— — Keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation

(Beijing, September 5, 2024)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

　　Dear President Faye,

　　Dear President Ghazwani, the rotating chairman of the African Union,

　　Dear Heads of State, Government and Delegation,

　　Dear Mr. Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations,

　　Dear Mr. Faki, Chairman of the African Union Commission,

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests,

　　Chun Hua Qiu Shi, old things are rich. In this harvest season, I am very happy to meet all the old and new friends in Beijing to discuss the friendly cooperation between China and Africa in the new era. First of all, on behalf of the government of China and the people of China, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all of you!

　　China-Africa friendship crosses time and space, mountains and seas, and is passed down from generation to generation. The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000 is an important milestone in the history of China-Africa relations. Over the past 24 years, especially since the new era, China has been working hand in hand with African brothers and sisters in the true and sincere concept. We are shoulder to shoulder and hand in hand in the century-old changes in the world, firmly defending each other’s legitimate rights and interests; In the tide of economic globalization, we have strengthened our bones and muscles, and achieved fruitful results to benefit hundreds of millions of people in Central Africa; In the face of great disasters and epidemics, we worked hard together and wrote a touching story of China-Africa friendship; We have always understood each other and supported each other, setting a new model of international relations.

　　After nearly 70 years of hard work, China-Africa relations are at their best in history. Facing the future, I propose that the bilateral relations between China and all countries that have diplomatic relations with Africa be upgraded to the level of strategic relations, and the overall positioning of China-Africa relations be upgraded to an all-weather community of China-Africa destiny in the new era!

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　Realizing modernization is an inalienable right of all countries in the world. The process of western modernization has brought great suffering to developing countries. After the Second World War, the third world countries, represented by China and Africa, achieved independence and development one after another, and constantly corrected historical injustices in the process of modernization. People’s Republic of China (PRC) is about to celebrate its 75th birthday, and is unswervingly promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization. Africa is also experiencing a new awakening and making steady progress towards the modernization goal described in the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The dream of China and Africa pursuing modernization together will surely set off a global modernization upsurge in the South and write a new chapter in building a community of human destiny.

　　— — We should work together to promote fair and reasonable modernization. To promote national modernization, we should not only follow the general law of modernization, but also conform to the reality of our country. China is willing to strengthen exchanges of experience in governing the country with Africa, support countries to explore modernization paths suited to their national conditions, and ensure equal rights and opportunities for all countries.

　　— — We must work together to promote open and win-win modernization. Mutually beneficial cooperation is in the long-term and fundamental interests of all countries, sunshine avenue. China is willing to deepen cooperation with Africa in the fields of industry, agriculture, infrastructure, trade and investment, set a benchmark for building the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and jointly create a model for implementing global development initiatives.

　　— — We should work together to promote the modernization of the people first. Realizing people’s free and all-round development is the ultimate goal of modernization. China is willing to actively cooperate with Africa in personnel training, poverty alleviation, employment and other fields to enhance people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in the process of modernization, and jointly promote modernization to benefit all people.

　　— — We must work together to promote the modernization of pluralism and tolerance. Realizing the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization is the lofty pursuit of modernization. China is willing to have close cultural exchanges with Africa, advocate mutual respect and inclusive coexistence of different civilizations in the process of modernization, and jointly promote the global civilization initiative to bear more fruits.

　　— — We should work together to promote eco-friendly modernization. Green development is a distinctive symbol of modernization in the new era. China is willing to help Africa build a "green growth engine", narrow the gap in energy accessibility, adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and jointly promote global green and low-carbon transformation.

　　— — We should work together to promote the modernization of peace and security. Modernization is inseparable from a peaceful and stable development environment. China is willing to help Africa enhance its ability to independently maintain peace and stability, promote global security initiatives to take the lead in Africa, promote the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and jointly safeguard world peace and stability.

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　China and Africa account for one third of the world’s total population. Without the modernization of Central Africa, there would be no modernization of the world. In the next three years, China is willing to carry out ten partnership actions with Africa to jointly promote modernization, deepen China-Africa cooperation and lead the modernization of the global South.

　　First, the partnership action of mutual learning among civilizations. China is willing to build an exchange platform for China-Africa experience in governing the country and set up a China-Africa development knowledge network and 25 China-Africa research centers with Africa. Relying on the African Leadership Institute to train talents for governing the country, 1,000 African political parties were invited to China to exchange ideas and deepen the exchange of experience in governing the party and the country.

　　Second, trade prosperity partnership action. China is willing to take the initiative to unilaterally open its market, and has decided to give 100% tariff-free treatment to all the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China, including 33 African countries, to become the first large developing country and the world’s major economy to implement this initiative, and to promote China’s big market as a great opportunity for Africa. Expand access to agricultural products in Africa, deepen cooperation in e-commerce and other fields, and implement the "China-Africa Quality Improvement Plan". China is willing to sign a framework agreement with Africa to jointly develop economic partnership and provide long-term, stable and predictable institutional guarantee for China-Africa trade and investment.

　　Third, industrial chain partner action. China is willing to build an industrial cooperation growth circle with Africa, focus on building a pioneering zone for in-depth economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa, and launch the "African SME Empowerment Plan". Co-build China-Africa Digital Technology Cooperation Center, build 20 digital demonstration projects, and jointly embrace a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.

　　Fourth, the interconnection partner action. China is willing to implement 30 infrastructure connectivity projects in Africa, work together to build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and build a China-Africa interconnection network with land and sea linkage and coordinated development. China is willing to help the construction of a free trade zone on the African continent, deepen logistics and financial cooperation, and help Africa’s cross-regional development.

　　Fifth, develop partner actions. China is willing to jointly issue a joint statement with Africa to deepen cooperation within the framework of global development initiatives and implement 1,000 "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Invest in the China-World Bank Partnership Fund to help Africa’s development. Support the hosting of the 2026 Youth Olympic Games and the 2027 Africa Cup, and promote the development achievements to better benefit the Chinese and African people.

　　Sixth, health partnership action. China is willing to establish a China-Africa hospital alliance with Africa to jointly build a joint medical center. We will send 2,000 medical personnel to Africa, implement 20 medical and anti-malaria projects, promote China enterprises to invest in drug production, and continue to provide assistance to the epidemic in Africa within our capacity. Support the construction of African CDC and improve the public health capacity of African countries.

　　Seventh, partner action to promote agriculture and benefit the people. China will provide 1 billion yuan of emergency food aid to Africa, build 100,000 mu of agricultural standardization demonstration zone, send 500 agricultural experts and build China-Africa agricultural science and technology innovation alliance. Implement 500 public welfare projects. Encourage Chinese and African enterprises to "go both ways" to invest and start businesses, leave the added value of industries in Africa, and create no less than 1 million jobs for Africa.

　　Eighth, people-to-people exchange partnership action. China is willing to further promote the "Future Vocational Education in Africa" plan with Africa, jointly build an engineering and technical college and build 10 "Luban workshops". Focus on African women and youth, providing 60,000 training places. Jointly implement the China-Africa "Cultural Silk Road" plan and the "Radio and Television Audio-visual Innovation Cooperation Plan". The two sides agreed to designate 2026 as "China-Africa Humanities Exchange Year".

　　Ninth, green development partnership action. China is willing to implement 30 clean energy projects in Africa, build a meteorological early warning business platform, and carry out cooperation in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and biodiversity protection. China-Africa Forum on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Technology was established, 30 joint laboratories were built, and cooperation in satellite remote sensing, moon and deep space exploration was carried out to help Africa achieve green development.

　　Tenth, build a partnership for security. China is willing to establish a partnership with Africa to implement the global security initiative, build a demonstration zone for initiative cooperation, provide 1 billion yuan of unpaid military assistance to Africa, train 6,000 military personnel and 1,000 police law enforcement personnel for Africa, and invite 500 young officers to visit China. We will carry out joint training and joint cruises between the Chinese and African armed forces, and implement the "Action to Help Africa Get rid of Landmines" to jointly safeguard the safety of personnel and projects.

　　In order to promote the implementation of the "Top Ten Partnership Action", the China Municipal Government is willing to provide 360 billion yuan of financial support in the next three years, including 210 billion yuan of credit funds and 80 billion yuan of various kinds of assistance, and promote China enterprises to invest in Africa not less than 70 billion yuan. China will also encourage and support non-parties to issue "panda bonds" in China and provide strong support for pragmatic cooperation between China and Africa in various fields.

　　Dear friends and distinguished guests!

　　In July this year, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was successfully held, which made systematic arrangements for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization. This will further profoundly change China, and will certainly provide new opportunities and inject new kinetic energy into African countries and China and Africa’s dream of pursuing modernization together.

　　There is an African proverb that "people who go the same way are true friends". No one can be left behind on the road to modernization, and no country can fall behind. Let us unite the majestic strength of more than 2.8 billion Chinese and African people, walk hand in hand on the journey of modernization, help the modernization of the global South with the modernization of China and Africa, draw a brand-new picture in the history of human development, and jointly push the world towards a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress!

　　Thank you.

"The charge and replacement fee of 300 yuan per month, 150 yuan’s accident insurance premium, and an electric car can take delivery."

Gao Hu, born in 1991, worked in a brand beverage factory in his hometown of Liaoning before coming to Beijing, and once earned 4,000 yuan a month.

"The income here is higher than that in my hometown, and the threshold is lower. I have also seen people with disabilities such as deaf-mutes come to deliver takeout. Anyone can do it, that is, earning more and earning less." Takeaway rider Gao Hu said.

Not only in Gao Hu, according to the latest figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, there were 200 million flexible employees in China, including about 13 million take-away riders, accounting for nearly 1% of the national population base.

Flexible forms of employment, such as take-away riders, have expanded employment capacity and played a role as a reservoir. At the same time, the topic of social security for related people has been constantly discussed, such as no "five insurances and one gold", lack of insurance protection, repeated non-growth labor, unclear path of subsequent career development, and no promotion channel … In the opinion of experts, the relationship between flexible employees and platform enterprises exists in various forms, such as labor dispatch, contracting and agency. Labor relations are complex, and platform enterprises bear different social security responsibilities, so the protection of the rights and interests of new employees has become the most difficult problem to solve.

In recent years, the relevant state departments have continuously attached importance to the protection of labor rights and interests of the relevant groups, clearly put forward the standardization of employment, and made clear the responsibility of safeguarding workers’ rights and interests; Improve the system and fill the shortcomings in the protection of workers’ rights and interests; Guiding opinions such as improving efficiency and optimizing workers’ rights and interests protection services. However, safeguarding the labor rights and interests of the flexible employment population is complicated, and it must keep pace with the times. It also needs the platform and relevant departments to jointly promote it.

Riders are the "hands and feet" and "reservoirs" of platform economy, which may lead to unfair competition.

In July, 2021, Gao Hu became a "takeaway rider". In Gao Hu’s view, he ran a special delivery tour with flexible working hours and higher salary than his hometown. "10:00-14:00, 17:00-21:00, you must be online, and you can control yourself in other time periods. You run more than 40 orders every day and earn more than 9,000 yuan a month, compared with 4,000 yuan a month in your hometown. Dry takeaway earns more than the factory. "

Flexible and free work is a big reason why many people engage in take-away riders. Liu Hua, born in 1981, is a native of Miyun, Beijing. Before that, Liu Hua worked as a seller in a home store, and she chose to take delivery six months ago, also because this industry is simple and free. "There are too many meetings and rules in the mall, and we have to choose the sideline team. Finally, we will come to the US group to take out the team list."

The higher income than their hometown has also attracted many people to Beijing to join the army of takeaway riders. Born in Liu Yi in 2001, I worked as a KTV night service in my hometown in Hebei before I was hungry. "The main reason is that the salary in my hometown is too low, only 4,000 yuan a month; So I came to Beijing to run a takeaway. After all, this job is flexible and free. "

This job has also given many people the opportunity of short-term transitional life. Xu Hang, born in 2003, is from Chongqing, and will graduate from higher vocational education this year. He is in the internship period. He feels that the cost of living in the internship position arranged by the school is too high, and he is not interested in his major. He heard that the take-away industry makes a lot of money, so he wants to experience the work of a take-away rider.

Compared with special delivery, crowdsourcing is more free Li Jian introduced that the advantage of crowdsourcing is that it can work more flexibly. "For example, if there are no elevators in nearby communities, I will not take orders for high-rise buildings directly, so I don’t have to climb the stairs at all at the end of the day." He also said that I am used to crowdsourcing riders, and I can’t stand the constraints. I can rest at any time when it is windy and rainy, and the rider may have to go to work, and the afternoon peak must be online.

The inclusiveness of the profession has allowed the scale of take-away riders to continue to expand. From the data such as Meituan’s financial report alone, the total number of riders who earn income through Meituan’s platform has increased from more than 2.2 million in 2017 to 5.27 million in 2021. The number of people who are newly employed, including take-away riders and courier brothers, is far more than that. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, the number of flexible employees in China has reached 200 million.

Flexible employment can be seen everywhere. Li Zhiqi, deputy director of the Economic Committee of the Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Beijing Federation of Industry and Commerce, and chairman of the revitalization international think tank, believes that "the flexible employment groups such as take-away riders are the direct practitioners of the platform economy and the most important front-line executives of the platform economy. They are the hands and feet of the platform economy. Without them, the platform as a brain will not work, and its importance is beyond doubt."

Li Yan, dean of the same city recruitment research institute, told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that flexible employment is a new flexible employment mode. No matter the flexibility of time and quantity of workers, the flexibility of employment form or management mode, the threshold of the concept of "employment" has been lowered, the employment category has been broadened, and more workers can be absorbed. Flexible employment provides more choices for further deepening mass employment and entrepreneurship.

The report "Talent Flow and Migration 2022" shows that more than half of the people in the workplace want to use their professional skills to "earn extra money". Wang Qian, co-founder of Pulse, said that as far as flexible employment is concerned, freelancing is not affiliated with any organization and has high flexibility in working time and place, which is conducive to ensuring work-life balance and carrying out various career development and life experiences.

The vice president of capital university of economics and business Institute of Labor Economics talked from more angles. From the perspective of employment, flexible forms of employment, such as take-away riders, have expanded employment capacity and played a role as a reservoir. From the perspective of the labor market, this part of employment has also produced unfair competition effect, because the platform operators and other operators bear lower tax burden and social security costs, which indirectly leads to inequality with formal employment enterprises; It has also led to the problems of difficult and expensive recruitment in the formal employment field.

The "Freedom Trap" of Linggong;Only pay work-related injury insurance, and salary disputes frequently occur.

Flexible employment only has the advantages of freedom of work? In fact, Liu Hua found that although the take-away industry is simple and free, it also faces the situation of not being respected. "After receiving the order from the platform, the customer will call me and buy some other goods by the way. If you don’t bring it, you will be complained. If you complain, you will be fined. There are also some communities that will open a special channel for takeaway riders and feel discriminated against. "

In addition to the low sense of professional identity, labor rights and interests are not perfect. "Five insurances and one gold should be a must. There are many people in the country who are like take-away riders. After a few years, what should these people do after they are 40-50 years old? If the family is seriously ill, they can’t even afford money. Moreover, the probability of traffic accidents is also high. " Liu Hua believes that the platform has really facilitated the people and solved many employment problems. However, most of the people who run takeout have low academic qualifications and poor family conditions.

During the interview, the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter learned that at present, take-away riders are mainly divided into special delivery and crowdsourcing. Basically, they do not sign contracts directly with the platform, and most of them are dispatched by third-party companies, and no matter whether they are special delivery or crowdsourcing, take-away riders do not have five insurances and one gold, and generally only pay work-related injury insurance.

In January last year, Han, a crowdsourcing rider, died suddenly on the way to delivery. Because he did not sign a labor contract directly with the platform, the platform was only willing to provide humanitarian compensation of 2,000 yuan to his family, which triggered a heated discussion in society. After the platform, the amount of sudden death protection was raised to 600,000 yuan. Although the incident has already come to an end, the fate and behind of the takeaway rider; The security of flexible employees has become one of the topics of great concern to the public.

Deng Jianbo, founder and CEO of Youth League, a flexible employment recruitment service platform, told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that due to the short working cycle, flexible workers generally do not sign labor contracts, which is more prone to salary disputes, and it is difficult to be supported after disputes. At the same time, in terms of insurance, the process of both individual purchase and enterprise purchase is complicated, resulting in a low purchase ratio. On the whole, the salary guarantee and life insurance guarantee of flexible employees are relatively general.

An industry insider who uses a flexible employment intermediary platform is also rethinking the intermediary model. "Platforms like Meituan and SF can increase employment, so that some people can receive jobs and earn income. However, similar employment intermediary platforms serve (Meituan, Shunfeng) platforms, and the way to solve (reduce) the labor cost of the upstream platform by self-employed mode and harm the rights and interests of workers (riders) remains to be discussed. The so-called failure to create any jobs refers to these fiscal and taxation solution platforms, not to Meituan and Shunfeng. "

However, Wang Feng wants social security, because social security has been paid in the work system before, and many riders "don’t need" but actually "don’t know". For example, Liu Yigang has only been in contact with this job for more than half a month, and he is not clear about the unit price and social security of the job. "I just did it soon, and I didn’t attend the regular meeting of the site at 9: 00 in the morning. The specific guarantee is not clear."

"Many riders will think that they have worked hard for such a long time, and as a result, they have deducted so much money into the social security account in one month. If they don’t work, they can’t find a place to ask for this money. They are definitely not happy in their hearts. It is better to get all the money directly and be practical in their hearts." The rider Fang Duanxin said that many riders need to see cash, and the platform can basically withdraw cash immediately.

Gao Hu also paid little attention to this part and paid more attention to real income. "Takeaway can’t last a lifetime. A long three to five years or a short year or two is a transition. For example, I earn 10,000 now, and I may have 8,000 left after paying five insurances and one gold, but I have paid five insurances and one gold for only a few years, which will not be consistent. "

Scope, vice president of capital university of economics and business Institute of Labor Economics, believes that "at present, most flexible employees are not included in the scope of labor law protection, so the relationship between them and the employment platform is adjusted according to civil legal norms. From a practical point of view, flexible employment groups such as take-away riders do not have much problems in terms of labor remuneration, but their working hours are generally too long; Take-away riders use vehicles for a long time, and security is a problem; In social insurance, industrial injury insurance is insufficient, and there will be problems in medical care and old-age care in the future. "

The protection of the rights and interests of newly employed people is the most difficult to solve, and individuals with unclear labor relations are under pressure.

As mentioned above, the discussion on labor relations of flexible employment has a long history. "The relationship between these practitioners and platform enterprises exists in many forms, such as labor dispatch, contracting and agency. Labor relations are complex, and platform enterprises bear different social security responsibilities, so the protection of the rights and interests of new employees has become the most difficult problem to solve. " Li Zhiqi mentioned.

According to the definition of flexible employment in China Renmin University’s China Flexible Employment Development Report (2022), in a broad sense, it is the employment arrangement of human resources allocation in ways other than standard employment, which is mainly divided into labor dispatch, business outsourcing, human resources outsourcing, Internet platform employment, traditional odd jobs (part-time employment, part-time employment, daily employment, self-employment cooperation) and internships.

The report also mentioned that in the traditional part-time jobs, part-time jobs, daily settlement, and more labour relation, dependent self-employment are mostly cooperative relationships, and only part-time employment is defined as labor relations. However, in this employment scenario, enterprises only need to pay work-related injury insurance for part-time workers, and do not need to pay economic compensation when terminating employment relations, so the employment flexibility is high.

The employment forms of Internet platforms are relatively complicated. Some platforms (and third-party organizations) are involved in production management, so workers have strong subordination to platforms (and third-party organizations), and there are substantial labor relations. However, most platform employees belong to the labor/business contracting relationship or "the situation that labor relations are not completely established but enterprises manage workers".　

Li Yan, president of 58 City Recruitment Research Institute, also said, "China’s flexible employment is still in its infancy. In the case of unclear labor relations and imperfect social security system, the pressures and risks that social individuals need to bear in flexible employment are various. For example, take-away workers may have to face labor disputes in three aspects: platform, merchants and customers at the same time. In addition, there are still shortcomings in employment safety and satisfaction, and even they cannot be completely independent in improving employment skills."

Fortunately, these relationships are being clarified at present. In July 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and other eight departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms", which mentioned that enterprises should conclude labor contracts with workers according to law if they meet the conditions of establishing labor relations. If the enterprise does not fully conform to the situation of establishing labor relations, but the enterprise manages the laborers (hereinafter referred to as the situation of not fully conforming to the situation of establishing labor relations), it shall guide the enterprise to conclude a written agreement with the laborers to reasonably determine the rights and obligations of the enterprise and the laborers. Individuals rely on the platform to independently carry out business activities and engage in freelance work, and adjust the rights and obligations of both parties in accordance with civil laws.　

In recent years, relevant departments have also continuously promoted the protection of labor security rights and interests of workers in new employment forms. During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2022, the "Government Work Report" also proposed to strengthen flexible employment services, improve social security policies for flexible employment, and carry out pilot projects for occupational injury protection in new employment forms.

Relevant work has also been strengthened in various places, and many services have been launched in cities such as Beijing, where workers in new employment forms are concentrated. Relevant personnel of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions told the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that in September 2021, the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Implementation Plan for the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions to Promote the Work of Trade Unions in New Formats and New Employment Groups" and introduced 10 measures to give full play to the role of trade unions as a bridge between the party and the workers, and earnestly safeguard the labor security rights and interests of new formats and new employment groups.

Recently, relevant personnel of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions introduced that since June last year, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions has promoted 17 Internet platform head enterprises such as JD.COM, Meituan and Didi, and 14 brand express delivery enterprises such as SF Express and "Three Links and One Reach" to establish trade union organizations, and accumulated 274,000 new employment form workers; More than 9,000 outdoor workers’ warm-hearted stations have been built; Provide five free guarantees such as major diseases and accidental injuries for workers and other groups with new employment forms.

Flexible employment needs to keep pace with the times, and the labor cost of regular employment should be properly balanced.　

As the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said, in recent years, the platform economy has developed rapidly, creating a large number of employment opportunities. The number of new employment forms such as online delivery agents, online car drivers, truck drivers, and internet marketers who rely on the Internet platform for employment has increased significantly, and safeguarding workers’ labor security rights and interests is facing new situations and new problems.　

Dealing with these matters must keep pace with the times. Li Zhiqi believes that flexible employment can’t be solved by the platform simply because of the different structure of labor relations. However, from the perspective of corporate social responsibility, the platform should guide partners to standardize the labor rights and interests of employed people. At the same time, the new format has new characteristics, and all parties need to work together to improve relevant systems and laws to protect the legitimate labor rights and interests of all types of employed people.

The scope indicates that from the perspective of improving the social security of relevant employment groups, it is necessary to solve the problem of occupational injury protection for flexible employment groups such as takeaway riders and courier brothers. Of course, there are preconditions for occupational injury protection, so it is necessary to strengthen the protection responsibility of the platform in terms of safety production, occupational safety and hygiene in operation and management, including providing corresponding occupational injury protection.

"From the perspective of governing the country according to law, it is necessary to properly balance the labor costs of flexible employment and formal employment, and the labor costs of the two forms of employment should not be too different because of institutional reasons. At present, there are some abnormal phenomena in the employment market, and some employed people give up formal employment and engage in flexible employment because of considering the immediate economic interests. In the future, in the field of social security, flexible employment should also share responsibilities appropriately. " Scope mentioned.

"The unit price of flash delivery is high, and the journey is long, which earns much more than takeaway." Gao Hu revealed that he has offered to leave his job and intends to run a flash. "I can save 6,000 yuan every month. After working in Beijing for a few more years, I can go back to second-and third-tier cities to pay the down payment to buy a house, marry and have children; I can still drive a van and live. This profession just has no sense of belonging in the short term. "

For many people, becoming a rider is just a transitional occupation, which also reflects the common problems in flexible employment, that is, the subsequent career development path is unknown and there is no promotion channel.

Li Yan said that to ensure the protection of workers’ rights and interests, the first step is to further optimize the three-tier adjustment model of labor law, reconstruct the functional division of labor law and civil law, and create a more benign and legal environment for the healthy development of flexible employment; Secondly, establish a vocational training system for flexible employment and open up more career paths for flexible employees; Finally, improve the occupational social insurance system for flexible employees and provide more employment security for flexible employment groups.

Under the guidance of local human and social departments, according to Liu Xinyang, vice president of Hungry, the platform is promoting the vocational skills upgrading training of the new format of "network delivery staff" nationwide. The course includes abnormal handling of distribution, cleaning and disinfection of lunch boxes, etc. There are both online teaching and practical teaching classes, and you can also receive special government subsidies after the training.

In the second half of 2021, Meituan announced the launch of "four major measures" to help riders’ career development, including Meituan’s rider vocational training and academic further education plan, stationmaster training plan, rider transfer plan, rider online learning platform and other career development measures. It will provide riders with a full-cycle, multi-level career development path, actively break the existing career development model of the rider group, and constantly broaden the radius of rider employment and career choice.

In addition, Deng Jianbo believes that scientific and technological forces should be promoted to protect the rights and interests of odd jobs. Through the HR SAAS system, B-end enterprises can use online modules such as shift attendance, salary calculation, electronic contract, employment insurance, talent pool operation, supplier management, etc., and C-end users can check in, pay their salaries, and get electronic contract and insurance protection.

Recently, the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Key Points of Work of Beijing Federation of Trade Unions in Promoting New Employment Forms in 2022", which mentioned that it is necessary to build a strong organizational system and ensure that all the top 100 Internet companies operating in Beijing in 2021 will realize the establishment of the meeting; Adhere to the "one step forward" in safeguarding rights and earnestly safeguard the stability of the workforce in the new employment form. Including efforts to build harmonious labor relations, safeguard political security in the labor field, pay close attention to the demands of employees and other measures.

(Gao Hu, Liu Hua, Liu Yi, Xu Hang, Li Jian, Wang Feng and Fang Duanxin are all pseudonyms)

Beijing News Shell Finance Reporter Chen Weicheng Cheng Zijiao

Editor Song Yuting

Proofread Liu Baoqing

　　In recent years, with the rapid development of short videos, the network charm index of cities such as Chongqing, Xi ‘an, Chengdu and Hangzhou has soared. Chongqing’s 8D magic interchange, Xi ‘an’s tumbler performance, Xiamen’s seaview subway … … These scenes with their own traffic attract a large number of tourists to spread and share on the Internet. Experts pointed out that behind the hot popularity, how to turn the flow economy into an incremental economy and shape the real urban competitiveness is an important issue for online celebrity cities.

　　"online celebrity punching place" is hot

　　Xiao Zhao, a Beijing girl who is engaged in the clothing industry, is keen on traveling. She and several friends like to "walk away". Before going to a place, she didn’t do much travel strategy. Often, when she arrived at her destination, she went to Tik Tok and other short video platforms to search for popular videos related to the tourist destination, and then happily "punched in" together, or enjoyed the unique natural and cultural landscape, or felt the wonderful historical and cultural customs, or tasted the mouth-watering local specialties. "Taking photos, taking short videos, making friends circle and trembling sound are must-do in travel."

　　In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed many people’s travel habits. Whether it’s a traditional scenic spot or a new landmark, once it has the label of "online celebrity", it will attract tourists to take photos or take videos to "punch in".

　　Recently, People’s Daily People’s Cultural Tourism Research Institute and others published the TOP20 Value Recommendation List of "online celebrity Punching Places" for National Cultural Tourism, recommending high-quality tourism resources from three dimensions: attention, reputation and expert evaluation. The selected 20 "online celebrity Punching Places" have the following characteristics: First, they must have aesthetic feeling to meet the needs of tourists for photography, such as Sakura Avenue, Chaka Salt Lake and Dongji Island; Secondly, it can highlight personality and meet the needs of tourists to show their taste, such as THE BRIDGE covered bridge in Chengdu; In addition, it can provide different tour experiences to satisfy tourists’ sense of freshness and participation, such as Xiamen Seaview Subway and Xi ‘an Yongxingfang "Bowling Wine".

　　“‘ Online celebrity punching place ’ The popularity is largely due to the new media communication methods. " Xu Fengwen, chief planner of the Cultural Tourism Center of Tianjin University Architectural Design and Planning Research Institute, said that people’s demand for the participation and dissemination of online celebrity scenes has changed from the traditional view of the city to the experience of specific city scenes.

　　Nowadays, more and more tourists release short videos to exchange travel strategies and experiences. Insiders pointed out that short video has become an important communication and expression tool, which has mobilized the enthusiasm of tourists to record and discover the charm of the city. The reason is, first of all, because short travel videos are more intuitive, richer, story-telling, entertaining and more impressive to others. In addition, in the short videos taken by tourists, scenic spots and food are often more grounded and can appreciate a city at close range. In addition, friends like to go to the "punch card place", and they also go to make a card and connect with each other in a brand-new way, which is also a new form of social interaction.

　　"Lens" makes online celebrity city.

　　Today, it has become the norm that a "online celebrity punching place" is a city with fire. The White Paper on Beautiful City Index: the Relationship between Short Video and Urban Prosperity published by China Urban Planning and Design Institute shows that the content related to urban travel on short video can not only drain online, but also drive offline "planting grass". More than 80% of Tik Tok users said that they would "punch in" because they like short videos of specific cities, scenic spots and business districts.

　　Under the trend of new media communication, the "punching place in online celebrity", which is favored by young consumers, has great potential in enhancing the popularity of cultural tourism brands. To this end, various localities have launched relevant measures to activate and promote cultural tourism resources. For example, Beijing recently launched the "First Beijing Net Red Punch Site Selection" activity, where the public can participate in recommendation and voting through the Internet to help their own Beijing-style "online celebrity"; Kunming launched the promotion activity of "punching places for cultural tourism" to encourage citizens and tourists to explore new landmarks in the city; Chongqing held the promotion activity of "Sun Culture Sun Scenery" to show the "face value" and "temperament" of "City of Mountains and Waters" with the help of social media platform.

　　Some cities have been re-recognized by young people through emerging media platforms. Among them, short videos have become an important scene to create new business cards for cities, opening up a new possibility for "lens" to create online celebrity cities. For example, since July, 2019, Xi ‘an Datang City Scenic Area has designed two street performance art performances of tumblers according to Xi ‘an city mascots "Tang Bao" and "Tangniu", and soon the performance of "Real Tumbler" Picachen became popular. On Tik Tok, the video under the topic of "Miss Tumbler" has been played 2.77 billion times. In this regard, Nan Chuxin, deputy director of the china society of economic reform Internet and New Economy Professional Committee, said that compared with traditional city landmarks, such tourist scenes are more modern, approachable and cultural, and are favored by the younger generation. This kind of city "punching in" behavior based on characteristic IP not only brings traffic explosion, activates the local tourism economy, but also personifies and rejuvenates the image of scenic spots, which injects new kinetic energy into the cultural tourism industry.

　　However, in reality, there are also some areas that blindly follow the trend. For example, regardless of their own personality and characteristics, they copy and introduce "punch-in" elements such as tumbler performance, glass plank road, sky mirror and light show. "Blindly chasing the real-time effect of the network, being out of position and being surprised, we must pay attention to prevention! In particular, it is necessary to prevent rushing headlong into it, copying it, and mismatching the name. " Jin Yuanpu, director of the Institute of Cultural and Creative Industries of Renmin University of China, said in an interview that every city has its own genes, and it is necessary to shape its unique image and temperament.

　　Fully "realize" the traffic

　　A few days ago, the "Top 100 online celebrity Cities in China Tide Economy 2020" published by a certain platform measured the "online celebrity Degree" of a city from five dimensions: network popularity index, live broadcast index, tide life index, industrial development index and impression index. The top 10 cities in online celebrity are: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Xi ‘an, Changsha, Nanjing and Chongqing. Experts pointed out that the high popularity of online celebrity city is actually the result of a series of factors, such as urban cultural heritage, economic strength, population size and even scientific and technological progress.

　　"online celebrity city is not only a city that is popular on the Internet. A online celebrity city must form a high-quality development model if it wants to be red for a long time and keep its traffic. " The insiders believe that in the era of "attention economy", how to transform online traffic into the core competitiveness of the city, and finally attract the influx of people and form an industrial agglomeration effect is the ultimate goal of the city to create a "online celebrity label".

　　According to Huang Hancheng, the chief researcher of Zhigu Trend, only when people gather through Internet traffic, such as tourists who spend money or talents who come to settle down, can online celebrity be regarded as a city. The "online celebrity Effect" can’t be underestimated, for example, in recent years, Chongqing’s tourism fever is among the highest, and in 2019 alone, 657 million people visited Chongqing, achieving a total tourism income of 573.4 billion yuan.

　　In this regard, Jin Yuanpu said that in order to turn online traffic into real dividends, supporting facilities and public services should be in place, and more detailed work should be done in all aspects of urban development, especially in the upgrading of tourism. Through the system construction of new technologies, new management and new operations, tourists’ sense of experience, participation and integration will be continuously enhanced.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network　A father is the first man a daughter meets in her life, and every daughter has a definition of a father in her heart.

　 　 In the movie Diary of the Sea Street, 15-year-old Ling (Suzu Hirose) meets her half-sisters Xing, Jia Nai and Qian Jia, who have never met before, at her father’s funeral, and accepts their sisters’ invitation to live in Xiangtian’s old house in Kamakura.

　 　 The film follows the name of the original comic book diary of the Sea Street, instead of Story of the Sea Street, and connects the theme of "getting my father back" with trivial stories. The comic aesthetic style shows that director Hirokazu Koreeda doesn’t intend to make a profound analysis of society this time, but only wants to discuss the eternal topic of "father" in this film "Father is not present".

Poster of Hai Jie Diary

　 　 The death of my father is the beginning of this story. Fifteen years ago, my father left the three sisters because he fell in love with another woman (Ling’s mother) and lost contact with them. The cherry blossoms in Binhai Road bloom and fade, the plums in front of the old house are green and yellow, relatives and friends come and go, and the father never appears. In the process of the growth of the three sisters, the father’s "lack of companionship" is an important reason for the daughters’ "incomplete emotional life", which has become the "introduction" of this film.

Dajiexing (Ayase Haruka)

　 　 I have witnessed the quarrel between my parents and my mother’s sadness. After my mother left home, it was my eldest sister Xing (Ayase Haruka) who took care of the family. Fortunately, she was tough in appearance and extremely fragile in heart. She assumed the responsibility of parents prematurely and longed for a man to rely on. She fell in love with a married man, probably because the other person is a mature man, but as a de facto third party, traditionally, she had to bear the blame of her conscience and hid all her desires very appropriately, only when her younger sister Ling arrived, she inadvertently revealed them.

Er Jie Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa)

　 　 The second sister, Jia Nai (Masami Nagasawa), is simple in nature. In her memory, she often hears her parents quarreling at night and sees her sister comforting her mother. Her dissatisfaction with her father is more influenced by her sister’s luck. It is her childhood memory that makes her want to be free and happy when she grows up, be cheated by her little boyfriend again and again, and drink and go crazy again and again. Her sister’s luck may comfort her but she can’t tell her to avoid repeating the wrong plan.

Sanjie Qianjia (Kaho)

　 　 Among the four sisters, Qianjia (Kaho), the third sister, is the daughter who has the most vague impression of her father. Because of her vagueness, her feelings for her father are just like that of a daughter’s family who worships her father. Because of her worship, she wants to know more about her father, so when Ling holds the childhood photos of the three sisters treasured by her father, she is the most curious chatterbox. She likes to practice fishing alone at home. When she learned that her father also likes fishing, her excitement was beyond words. "It turns out that my father and I are very similar in this respect." Her boyfriend, like a joke, is a store manager with a grotesque appearance. She was attracted to the store manager because this sports man with six toes missing is passionate about conquering Mount Everest and loves sports as much as his father and is full of adventure.

　 　 Although the film did not deliberately explain the age and gap of the three sisters, from the scale of the wooden pillars in the promenade, we can guess that the age gap between them is not great. However, because of my father’s absence, my eldest sister came to middle age early, my second sister played a rebellious youth, and my third sister stayed in her childhood, just like plum wine brewed in different years, with different shades and tastes. The pillars at home are engraved with the height marks of the daughters’ growth. We can guess that it was their father who carved the mark on the wooden pillar, and the last mark stayed at the age of fifteen.

　 　 The death of my father is also an emotional turning point. Lost fifteen emotions, sealed fifteen years of memories, slowly opened with the arrival of half-sister Ling. The sisters invited Ling to live with them, worried about their younger sister’s future life and hypocritical stepmother, and loved her sister’s kind-hearted and tough personality. Moreover, among the four sisters, only Ling had a complete memory of her father, who often made sardine toast for her and took her fishing together, and never missed the key to her growth. At the last moment of her father’s life, Ling accompanied her father through the last life, and Ling’s body was marked by her father. When they accepted Ling, they actually accepted their father in another way. Because of the arrival of Ling, the family began to appear complete. The elder sister was no longer strict, the second sister had more responsibility and the third sister shared more. In their minds, the vague impression of their father began to become concrete. From Ling’s perspective, what unfolds slowly is the scene where my father and daughters lived together many years ago. The accumulated life in the town is strung together, and the diary is not a story. The plum trees planted by my grandmother in the old house, courtyard and faint pickles flow peacefully in the four seasons of Kamakura. Sardines toast is the memory of Ling and her father’s life together. In the dining hall of the sea cat, Ling found that this food was actually the creativity of the sea cat. A piece of food carries the memories of a full family, and the family is the people who eat many meals together.

　 　　

　 　 Under the promenade, Ling He, who was drinking plum wine, made a funny laugh. Ling, who came to the old house, was the father who returned to his daughters in another way to accompany her to find the lost innocence in her life. "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence appeared twice in the film. The first time was when Ling just arrived in Kamakura. Fortunately, she expressed her acceptance and welcome.

　 　 The second time was at the end of the film. Ling, who always felt guilty and thought that she had stolen the happiness of her sisters for fifteen years, opened her heart to her at the top of the mountain. Fortunately, she sincerely said, "You can always be here, forever … …” This sentence is not only for Ling, but also for her father’s confession, for her inner reconciliation with her father, and for her inner love for her father.

　 　 Ling told her sisters that her father said at the last moment of her life, "It would be a wonderful thing if she still has the ability to feel beautiful when she leaves this world!" . At the end of the film, standing by the sea, Yuki and Qianjia and Jianai talk about their father. "He may be a failure, but he must be a very gentle person."

　 　 Father never appeared in the film, but he was everywhere. The train passing through the city meets the cherry blossom avenue in the sea at the corner, and four girls wearing kimonos and playing with fireworks. The film seems a little scattered. What is scattered but not chaotic is the feelings of the four sisters for their father, with a touch of warmth in their sadness. Although their feelings for their father are complicated, their love for their father makes them live and move forward bravely.

　 　 The film begins with his father’s funeral, and ends with the funeral of the boss’s second house in the Haimao canteen. In this film, the director fully shows his seriousness to death and kindness to life, understands his father’s abandonment of his wife and children with the greatest tolerance, and does not accuse him too much of throwing his children to his grandmother’s mother, falling in love with his married sister, trying his best to occupy the second house in the Haimao canteen, and even Ling’s mother as a "third party" because Ling.

　 　 The director confessed with the film: "No one’s soul has fragrance, no one is wrong", life is beautiful, sometimes life is not so beautiful, even so, life is still beautiful.

　 　 Life is like a cherry blossom, a bunch of fireworks, short and beautiful. Life needs such loosening.

　　Recently, the mayor of Rushan, Weihai, Shandong Province, Gong Bengao (G M 40) has made numerous videos on the Internet to endorse the city with a handsome image and fluent Chinese and English, especially that English version of the video made him instantly "online celebrity". Three samples (ID: sdbaosanyang) found that Miyamoto, 43, graduated from Shanda Weihai Branch and was a native of Weihai. Although he just became the mayor of Rushan City in January this year, this is not the first time that Miyamoto has done this! As early as a month ago, in a live broadcast, in front of more than 5,000 entrepreneurs and investors, he also introduced Rushan at home and abroad in Chinese and English.

　　

　　According to the official notification of Rushan City, this video was invited by the media. The Rushan Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government arranged the Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee and Mayor Miyamoto as promoters to speak for Rushan as the mayor, and promote Rushan at home and abroad through the media in both Chinese and English, which is very rare in the country. Miyamoto Takashi said in fluent English in the video that Rushan is not only the most beautiful beach in the world, rich in wine, but also the hometown of oysters … So many beautiful foods, I can’t help but see them. I have to take the Qingrong City Railway overnight to have a look.

　　This video was sent to Weibo in the early hours of last night, and it became popular on the Internet in less than one day. Some netizens commented that although English is not the best in both writing and pronunciation, it is good to try to communicate in English. Some netizens left a message saying that they had lived in Shandong for 22 years but didn’t know Rushan. Thanks to this video, I like this mayor!

　　On the evening of August 22nd, Bao San learned from the official of Rushan City that Mayor Gong was on a business trip these days and didn’t know that he had become a "online celebrity". Miyamoto Takashi himself is low-key, but he spares no effort to promote the city.

　　It is discovered that this is not the first time that Miyamoto Takashi has endorsed Rushan. As early as one month ago, on July 27th, he introduced Rushan to more than 5,000 entrepreneurs, investors and public welfare people in China Community Thinking Day, and spoke for Rushan at home and abroad through five live broadcast platforms.

　　At the "High-end Forum on the Development of Rushan Oyster Industry" held in January this year, three colleagues in Weihai also witnessed Mayor Gong promoting Rushan Industry in Chinese and English, and many Chinese and foreign guests at the scene stood up and applauded.

　　

　　I noticed that Miyamoto, a 43-year-old native of Weihai, graduated from Shanda Weihai Branch in 1996. In this popular video, he said that he had worked in Los Angeles for three years. This may be one reason why he is so good at promoting his hometown in English.

　　Looking through the resume of official website, the leader of Rushan Municipal Government, I found that after graduating from Miyamoto University, I worked in Weihai Light Industrial Products Import and Export Co., Ltd., Weihai Investment Promotion Center and Weihai International Investment Promotion Center successively. In August 2013, Miyamoto Takashi was transferred from the director of Weihai International Investment Promotion Center to the deputy mayor of Wendeng Municipal Government. In November of the same year, he also served as the director of the preparatory office of Weihai Comprehensive Bonded Zone. In February 2016, he served as deputy director of Weihai Financial Office, and in November of the same year, he was transferred to the post of Deputy Secretary of Rushan Municipal Committee. In January this year, he served as deputy secretary and mayor of Rushan Municipal Committee.

　　

　　Having said that, some people may not know where Rushan is. Rushan belongs to Weihai City, Shandong Province, and is named after the "Darushan" in China. From the map, the city is located in the hinterland of Qingdao, Weihai and Yantai. South of the Yellow Sea, and South Korea, Japan across the sea. After listening to the mayor’s recommendation, do you also want to see how beautiful Rushan is? Please watch the aerial video of Rushan from netizens-take you to the sky and overlook Rushan.

　　

　　After watching the video, I will tell you a good news. Rushan will also pass the high-speed rail! Higher construction standards will be adopted and the top speed will reach 350 kilometers per hour. It will only take more than 2 hours from Jinan to Weihai.

　　(The content of this article is comprehensive. Rushan released the official Weibo, etc. Please indicate the source and reprint all the contents including the QR code.)

　　? ? Click on the title to read.

　　[Secret] The price is more expensive than the list price. 300 yuan, Gome Online was fined 100,000 for price fraud! First raise the price and then discount it into a new routine of e-commerce

　　[Solution] The timetable for the relocation of the Yellow River beach area in Shandong Province was released! 600,000 people in 7 cities and 17 counties such as Jinan Heze benefited!

　　[Rumor] The housing price in Jinan CBD has reached 50,000, and the "54321" housing price pattern has been formed? Not reliable!

　　It takes nearly 60 years for Jiqing to get back by collecting rent! The highest rental return rate in Shandong’s 11 cities is actually Linyi: it only takes 28 years to return to the capital!

The growth rate of China market is higher than that of the whole world.

From 2010 to 2020, the market size of China’s pet industry increased from 13.44 billion yuan to 72.73 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of nearly 20%, which is higher than that of the whole world. In 2020, the US pet consumption market accounts for 41.1% of the world, ranking first, and China accounts for 8.1%. The pet raising rate and the annual consumption of a single pet in China are far below the level of developed countries, and there is much room for growth in the future.

Judging from the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption, in 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times, and in 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

1. The average annual compound growth rate of China’s pet industry is nearly 20%, accounting for less than 10% of the global market.

With the development and prosperity of China society, the role of pets is gradually changing — — Cats and dogs are increasingly regarded as indispensable members of the family, rather than simply companion pets. Social media has also promoted pets to become an important part of young people’s lives, and the trend of "raising cats in the cloud" has made owning pets more desirable. Therefore, the pet market has grown rapidly in the past 10 years. In 2020, the pet consumption market in China will be 72.73 billion yuan, up 21.1% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 18.4% in 10 years.

With the development of economy, the consumption of pets is also increasing. Families in most developed countries regard pets as family members, and the spending on pets is increasing. According to Euromonitor data, in 2020, the global pet market industry scale will be about US$ 138.2 billion, up by 4.4% year-on-year, and the CAGR will be 3.6% in 10 years. Among them, the pet consumption market in China, Japan and the United States accounted for 8.1%, 4.2% and 41.1% of the global market respectively.

2. There is a big gap between China’s pet raising rate and single pet consumption amount and developed countries, and there is huge room for improvement.

In the past decade, the changing population and social structure, as well as the improvement of income and adoption rate, have become the main factors to promote the growth of pet keeping rate in China. Compared with other parts of the world, in 2019, the family pet raising rate in China was only about 17%, far lower than 67% in the United States, 62% in Australia and 44% in the United Kingdom. The pet raising rate in China is far lower than that in developed countries, and there may be several times room for improvement in the future.

Since 2016, the growth rate of China’s single pet consumption has increased year by year, mainly driven by the increase of per capita disposable income and the enhancement of pets’ kinship attributes; In 2020, the annual consumption of a single pet in China will be $59. Compared with other countries, in 2020, the consumption of single pet in Japan and the United States will be $317 and $343, respectively, and the consumption of single pet in China is still lower than that in developed countries.

3. The proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China has increased, and the gap with the United States has narrowed.

From 2014 to 2019, the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in China increased from 0.16% to 0.29%, and the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption in the United States in 2019 was 0.52%. In 2014, the difference in the proportion of pet expenditure in household consumption between China and the United States was 3.1 times. In 2019, the difference dropped to 1.8 times.

It can be seen that there is an obvious trend of consumption upgrading in the pet market in China, which accelerates the expansion of the pet market. With the stronger willingness of consumers in China to invest in pets in the future, the pet industry has great development potential.

For more data and analysis, please refer to Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, and at the same time Forward-looking Industry Research Institute provides solutions such as industry, industry declaration, industry investment attraction, IPO fundraising feasibility study and prospectus writing.

At present, it is popular in novel coronavirus. At the same time, we also hear the news that there is no specific drug at present. Some people may ask: Why can’t we treat it with antibiotics?

Because the pathogen this time is a virus, not a bacterium!

What are the similarities and differences between viruses and bacteria? Why can’t we kill the virus with antibiotics?

Image source: veer gallery

Are tiny creatures on the earth.

Bacteria and viruses are microorganisms. As the smallest life form on the earth, people always ignore their existence, but this tiny creature is always painted with a sense of existence, and people will be infected by them if they are not careful.

Bacteria are cells, which have cell walls, DNA and organelles. They can produce and metabolize needed enzymes by themselves, and can divide and reproduce by themselves. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, and the main structure is protein capsid and internal genetic material (DNA or RNA), and viruses cannot replicate themselves. Viruses need to replicate their genetic material by infecting host cells, and then release more offspring viruses to infect other host cells.

Bacteria can be harmless or even beneficial to human health, and can live independently. The purpose of the virus is to replicate itself, so it has no meaning unless it infects the host. It can be described as the purest "selfish gene".

The size difference between them is about 1000 times.

Bacteria in a broad sense are prokaryotes. Although they have a cell structure, they are still very different from human cells. Their structures are simpler, and they have no nucleus, but only a DNA aggregation area-pseudonucleus. Bacteria are generally spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, etc., and people do not forget to add a description of their shapes when naming them, such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and so on (ps. Yeast is a fungus, so there is no shape in the name.

At present, the smallest known bacteria are only 0.2 microns long, so they can only be seen under a microscope; The largest bacteria in the world can be directly seen by naked eyes, and it is 0.2-0.6 mm in size. It is a kind of bacteria called Sulphidophilus Namibia.

Bacterial size

Virus is a noncellular form composed of a nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA) and protein. It lives by parasitism and is an organic species between living things and nonliving things. After it enters the cell, its metabolism such as DNA replication is indeed the characteristic of living things, while after it leaves the cell, it is just a lifeless crystal.

Novel coronavirus electron micrograph 　

Most viruses are between 10 and 300 nanometers (nm) in diameter. Some filamentous viruses can be as long as 1400nm, but their width is only about 80nm. Most viruses cannot be observed under optical microscope, and scanning or transmission electron microscope is the main tool to observe the morphology of virus particles. Compared with bacteria, viruses differ in size by about 1000 times.

There are also different ways to invade the human body.

There are many "good people" in bacteria, among which saprophytic bacteria are important decomposers in the ecosystem, which makes the carbon cycle go smoothly; Some bacteria will carry out nitrogen fixation, so that nitrogen can be converted into forms that can be used by biology. The production of cheese, yogurt and fermented grains, the manufacture of some antibiotics and the treatment of wastewater are all related to bacteria. In the field of biotechnology, bacteria are also widely used. Of course, the "bad guys" in bacteria are many pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculosis, anthrax, plague and other diseases are caused by bacteria.

The relationship between bacteria and human body is mainly parasitic. Let’s mainly talk about pathogenic bacteria. Because most bacteria have their own metabolic system, bacteria can be parasitic between normal cells of human body after invading human body. Bacteria take away the nutrients necessary for the body; The growth of bacteria produces various metabolites, which disrupts the physiological balance of the body; Even the size of bacteria has become a pathogenic factor, which interferes with and destroys the function of cells. Therefore, in some diseases, the proliferation of bacteria alone has fatal consequences.

Parasitic diagram of staphylococcus aureus

The virus may have invaded the human body from a sneeze or a physical contact. Viruses need to parasitize in living host cells, and rely on host cells to provide the raw material system, energy and place needed for virus replication. When a virus is ready to infect a host cell, it needs the following six steps to complete its proliferation activities, namely adsorption, invasion, hulling, biosynthesis, assembly and release.

Adsorption: The virus "targets" the target cell by recognizing the specific receptor protein molecules on the surface of the host cell membrane (for example, novel coronavirus virus recognizes angiotensin converting enzyme 2 -ACE2)； on the surface of human respiratory tract and lung cells); Invasion: then the virus either enters the host cell in some way (such as membrane fusion) or directly injects genetic material into the host cell; Shelling: Immediately after the viral infectious nucleic acid is released from the capsid; Biosynthesis: "non-stop" biosynthesis-synthesizing virus nucleic acid and protein according to gene instructions and with the help of raw materials, energy and places provided by host cells; Assembly: The newly synthesized virus nucleic acid and protein will be assembled into progeny virus; Release: the progeny virus is released outside the host cell.

Schematic diagram of virus replication

Human body’s defense and counterattack

Both bacteria and viruses have to break through the human body’s defenses to complete the invasion, but the human body will eventually find their existence, and the human immune system has its own protective measures and early warning mechanism.

The first line of defense: skin and mucous membrane. The first way for human beings to protect themselves is defense, which makes the human body form a relatively closed system through the skin and mucosa. When harmful substances are about to invade the human body, the skin and mucosa will block the external pathogenic factors out of the body.

The second line of defense: bactericidal substances and phagocytes. There are always bactericidal substances and phagocytes patrolling the mucosal surface and inside the human body to prevent the invasion of pathogens. Take lysozyme as an example, it can destroy the cell wall of bacteria, cause the contents of the cell wall to escape and dissolve the bacteria, and can also directly combine with negatively charged virus proteins to form double salts with DNA, RNA and apoprotein, thus inactivating the virus. Therefore, the enzyme has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects.

The third line of defense: specific immunity. When the powerful pathogen broke through the first two lines of defense, the human body’s counterattack just began. Through the phagocytosis of phagocytes and the analysis of special immune cells (T cells), the human body has produced antibodies that can specifically recognize invaders. The antibodies can make pathogens stick together and no longer be invasive, and finally the pathogens exposed between cells will be killed. But is the virus that invaded the cell safe? No! The human body can subtly identify which cells are infected by the virus, and then send a "killer" to kill the infected cells and release the virus inside the cells for antigen elimination.

However, it takes time for the human body to fight back, and pathogens will invade and occupy the human body through such a time gap!

Auxiliary appearance: drug therapy

Bacterial infection once became the greatest enemy of mankind. For example, the plague was called the "Black Death" in Europe, which reduced the population of Europe by one third in three years. At present, plague and cholera are classified as Class A infectious diseases in China. It was not until the discovery and popularization of antibiotics that human beings controlled the outbreak of bacterial infection.

Antibiotics mainly kill bacteria by destroying the structure of bacterial cells, such as cell wall, cell membrane, changing internal metabolism, hindering the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein, etc.

Chemical structural formula of penicillin

However, antibiotics are ineffective against viruses! Because bacteria and viruses have completely different structures!

Because bacteria have cell walls, as well as their own nucleic acid replication machines and ribosomes, antibiotics can kill bacteria with little side effects on humans as long as they are designed for these targets. However, the virus has no cell wall, its own nuclease and ribosome, and all its functions depend on the host cell. So antibiotics can’t kill viruses (we can’t make an "antibiotic" that kills host cells).

The ideal antiviral drugs can not only act on one or several links of the virus proliferation cycle, but also interfere or block it without affecting the normal metabolism of host cells. For example, ribavirin, a common drug, provides a large number of nucleotide analogues, which replace normal nucleotides, making the virus lose its replication ability and play a role in inhibiting virus amplification (but it also has great side effects on human body). In addition, the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir works by blocking the release of the offspring virus.

In view of this pneumonia epidemic, researchers from Wuhan Institute of Virology, China Academy of Sciences and Academy of Military Medical Sciences have also preliminarily screened out ramidivvir (GS-5734, phase II clinical anti-Ebola drug) and Chloroquine (Sigma-C6628, antimalarial drug) which have good inhibitory effects on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at the cellular level.

But we have to say that in the face of virus treatment, human beings have never found a universal specific drug like antibiotics. Active treatment is to mobilize the human body’s own immune ability to fight against viruses, because only organisms themselves really know how to fight against organisms.